Anastasius of S. Clemente

Last updated

Anastasius was a Roman Catholic Cardinal, and Cardinal-priest of the titulus of S. Clemente in Rome.

Contents

Anastasius' career began as a member of the papal court. He was made a iudex datus (judge) by Pope Urban II in a dispute over the ownership of the church of Castro Biccardi at Ferentino in the diocese of Troia. [1]

Cardinal

Cardinal Anastasius' earliest known subscription to a papal document occurs on 4 March 1102 at the Lateran. He also signed on 11 March. [2]

In 1109, Pope Paschal II appointed a committee of curial cardinals, including Petrus Portuensis, Robertus of S. Eusebio, and Anastasius of S. Clemente, to investigate a transaction between Abbot Nicholas of S. Maria Criptoferrata and Cardinal Romanus of S. Prassede. The case was finally settled by Pope Eugenius III in 1148. [3]

Henry V, Paschal II, and the investiture question

In February 1111, King Henry V came to Rome to demand his imperial coronation. On 12 February the ceremony took place at St. Peter's Basilica, and during the welcome at the door, the pope read out a decree, in which he repudiated lay investiture, and ordered all bishops to surrender their imperial fiefs to the emperor immediately and permanently. The king and the indignant bishops retired to discuss the shocking demand, and, as evening approached, the pope refused the coronation. After Mass, he and the cardinals were taken into custody by Henry's armed troops, and on 16 February, after a battle with the Romans in the Borgo, Henry and his captive prelates departed the city. The pope and sixteen cardinals, including Cardinal Anastasius, were held captive for sixty-one days, while Henry pressed the pope to agree to his solution to the investiture controversy. [4] On 18 April, at Ponte Mammolo on the Anio River, Anastasius was one of the cardinals who were compelled to sign the papal promise to observe the agreement which Henry had drawn up. [5] He then attended the Lateran synod, which numerous papal legates, cardinals, and bishops pressured Pope Paschal to summon. [6] At the synod, Pope Paschal was severely criticized for giving in to the emperor, and his "privilege" [lower-alpha 1] granted to Henry V was cancelled. [7] Cardinal Anastasius signed the Acta of the synod on 23 March 1112. [8]

Two days after the synod, Cardinal Anastasius acted as a judge in the dispute between Abbot Albert of Sassovivo and Bishop Enrico of Spoleto. [9] On 11 May 1112, he subscribed a document for Pope Paschal in favor of S. Agnes outside-the-walls in Rome. [10]

In November 1112, Pope Paschal embarked on a trip to Benevento, which lasted until March 1113. Cardinal Anastasius was in the papal entourage, and subscribed documents at Benevento on 2 January, 13 February, and 15 February 1113. [11] In October, he was with the papal court in Benevento again, and participated in a papal judicial sitting, where he gave evidence in the case. [12] On The pope was in Benevento from May to September 1115; on 24 May 1115, in Benevento, Anastasius served as a judge. [13] He was back in Rome, at the Lateran, on 17 and 27 November 1115, and in March 1116. [14]

Elections of 1118 and 1119

Pope Paschal II died in Rome on 21 January 1118. The meeting to elect his successor was held at the monastery of the Palladium (Santa Maria in Pallara, near the Arch of Titus and the Arch of Constantine) for reasons of security. Cardinal Anastasius of S. Clemente was one of those present. [15] During the enthronement ceremony, Cencius Frangipani and his supporters broke into the monastery, seized and abused the pope and others, and carried Gelasius off to one of their prisons. He was rescued, but, on the approach of Henry V to Rome, he fled to Gaeta, to Capua, and then to Pisa. Anastasius is not mentioned in connection with the consecration of the new pope at Gaeta, or in the flight to Pisa and France. [16] When Pope Gelasius died in France, at the abbey of Cluny, Anastasius was not present, nor was he present at the meeting in Rome which received the notification of the election of Pope Calixtus II and issued the Act of Confirmation of the election, [17] but he was one of a group of cardinals who had not been present who immediately wrote to the electors at Cluny, in February 1119, expressing their approval and adherence. [18]

Calixtus II arrived in Rome on 3 June 1120, and embarked on a trip to Benevento in mid-July. He was in Benevento from 8 August to the end of November. Cardinal Anastasius signed documents for him on 24 September and in October. [19] He subsequently subscribed documents at the Lateran in 1123, 1124, and 1125.

Cardinal Anastasius' latest known subscription is dated 6 May 1125. [20] His successor at S. Clemente, Cardinal Hubertus, subscribes for the first time on 28 March 1126. [21]

Cardinal Anastasius was responsible for a restoration of his titular church, San Clemente. [22]

Notes and references

  1. ↑ The "privilege" granted the emperor the right to invest a newly elected bishop with the ring and the staff of office before he was consecrated by the appropriate church officials.
  1. ↑ Hüls, p. 161, with note 1. P. F. Kehr, Italia pontificia Vol. IX (Berlin: Weidmann 1962), p. 63, no. 42.
  2. ↑ Hüls, p. 161, with notes 2 and 3.
  3. ↑ Hüls, p. 161, with note 5. P.F. Kehr, Italia pontificia Vol. I (Berlin: Weidmann 1906), p. 51, nos. 3-6.
  4. ↑ Gregorovius IV, part 2, pp. 338-347.
  5. ↑ Hüls, p. 222, with note 7. Gregorovius, pp. 349-350. Georg Pertz (ed.), Monumenta Germaniae historica. Legum. Tomus I (Hannover: Hahn 1835), pp. 142-146, no. 93.
  6. ↑ Gregorovius IV. 2, pp. 355-357.
  7. ↑ Charles Joseph Hefele, Histoire des conciles, second edition, Tome V (Paris: Letouzey 1912), pp. 532-535. J. D. Mansi (ed.), Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, editio novissima, Tomus XXI (in Latin) (Venice: A. Zatta 1776), p. 52.
  8. ↑ Hüls, p. 161, with note 7.
  9. ↑ Hüls, p. 161, with note 8.
  10. ↑ Hüls, p. 161, with note 9.
  11. ↑ Hüls, p. 161, with notes 10-12.
  12. ↑ Hüls, p. 161, with note 13. P. F. Kehr, Italia pontificia Vol. IX (Berlin: Weidmann 1962), p. 63, no. 42.
  13. ↑ Hüls, p. 161, with note 16.
  14. ↑ Hüls, p. 161, with notes 17-20.
  15. ↑ Watterich II, p. 94.
  16. ↑ Ferdinand Gregorovius (1896), History of Rome in the Middle Ages. Volume IV. 2, second edition (London: George Bell, 1896), p. 378. Watterich, p. 102.
  17. ↑ Watterich II, pp. 123-124.
  18. ↑ E. Martène et U. Durand, Veterum Scriptorum et monumentorum amplissima collectio Tomus I (Parisiis: Montalant 1724), p. 646: "Cardinales Romae degentes Bonefacius tituli sancti Marci, Johannes tituli sanctae Ceciliae, Anastasius S. Clementis, Benedictus tituli Eudoxiae, Diviso tituli sancti Equitii, Tibaldus tituli Pammachii, Reinerius tituli SS. Marcellini et Petri, Desiderius tituli S. Praxedis, Gregorius S. [Laurentii in] Lucinae tituli, Hugo tituli apostolorum, karissimis fratribus et cardinalibus qui ultra montes sunt, salutem."
  19. ↑ Hüls, p. 161, with notes 23-24. Jaffé, pp. 796-797.
  20. ↑ Hüls, p. 161, with note 30.
  21. ↑ Hüls, p. 162, with note 2.
  22. ↑ Hüls, p. 162, with note 31. Cf. Mary Stroll, Symbols of Power. The Papacy following the Investiture Contest, Leiden-New York: Brill 1991, pp. 107-108.

Bibliography

Related Research Articles

Victor IV was an antipope for a short time, from March to 29 May 1138.

John of Crema was an Italian papal legate and cardinal. He was a close supporter of Pope Callistus II.

Oderisio di Sangro was an Italian Benedictine monk and cardinal, the son of Count Rinaldo of the family of the conti di Sangro in the Marsi.

Pietro Senex was Cardinal-Bishop of Porto from 1102 until his death. He was born probably in Rome.

The 1118 Papal Election was held to choose the successor for Pope Paschal II, who died in Rome on 21 January 1118, after an 18-year pontificate. Pope Gelasius II was elected as his successor. The election happened during the Investiture Controversy, a conflict between supporters of the Papacy and those of the Holy Roman Emperor. The election was held under the threat of possible violence due to the controversy. The Cardinal electors took refuge in the Benedictine monastery, S. Maria in Pallara, during the election. Within minutes of his election as pope, Gelasius II was attacked and imprisoned by the Frangipani faction, supporters of the Holy Roman Emperor. Gelasius managed to escape, but at the emperor's arrival with his army, he fled Rome and never returned.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1099 papal election</span> Papal election

The 1099 papal election following the death of Pope Urban II took place on 13 August 1099. Before his death, Urban had designated Cardinal Rainerius da Bieda as his successor. The cardinal-electors, with the consent of the lower Roman clergy, chose Rainerius, who, after a flight and over his considerable objections, accepted and took the name Paschal II. He was consecrated a bishop and crowned pope on the next day.

Vitalis of Albano was a Cardinal and bishop of Albano.

Roscemanno, O.S.B.Cas. was a Roman Catholic Cardinal and Deacon of San Giorgio in Velabro.

Petrus Pisanus was a Roman Catholic Cardinal. He began his career in papal service as a scriptor in the chancellery. He was appointed Deacon of San Giorgio in Velabro, and then promoted Cardinal-priest of Santa Susanna. He served briefly as papal legate in Corsica, before becoming a permanent member of the papal court. He participated in the papal elections of 1118, 1124, and 1130. In 1130, he chose to support the Obedience of Anacletus II rather than that of Innocent II. After Anacletus died in 1138, he joined the Obedience of Innocent II, and survived the purge of 1139.

Bonifacius was a Roman Catholic Cardinal and Cardinal-priest of the titulus of San Marco. In 1111, he was one of the cardinals captured by King Henry V at what was supposed to be his coronation, and was held prisoner near Rome along with the pope for sixty-one days. He was forced to subscribe to the oath taken by Pope Paschal II, according to the dictates of King Henry. He was then one of the cardinals who opposed the agreements struck by Paschal with Henry in the Lateran synod of 1112. He was not one of the cardinals who followed popes Gelasius, Calixtus, or Honorius on their travels. In the contested papal election of 1130, he supported Pope Anacletus II.

Divizo was a Roman Catholic Cardinal and Cardinal-priest of the titulus of Santi Silvestro e Martino ai Monti, originally called the titulus Equitii. In 1108, he was papal legate to Germany. He opposed the conciliatory policy of Pope Paschal II to the German King Henry in the Investiture controversy, was imprisoned with the pope and fifteen other cardinals, and forced to sign papal agreements. He then worked against them in the Roman synod of March 1112. After the synod, he was sent to Germany as a legate to Henry V, to work out a compromise. In the winter of 1121 he was promoted Cardinal-bishop of Tusculum (Frascati).

Desiderius was a Roman Catholic Cardinal, and Cardinal-priest of the titulus of S. Prassede in Rome.

Benedictus was a Roman Catholic Cardinal, and Cardinal-priest of the titulus of San Pietro in Vincoli in Rome, also called the titulus Eudoxiae.

Saxo de Anagnia was a Roman Catholic Cardinal, and Cardinal-priest of the titulus of S. Stefano al Monte Celio in Rome. He was a native of Anagni, and a member of the family of the Conti di Anagni. Dumas points out that there is no positive evidence of the family connection.

Gregorius was a 12th century Roman Catholic Cardinal, and Cardinal-priest of the titulus of San Lorenzo in Lucina in Rome. A remark by Hugh the Chanter of York appears to indicate that he was a native of Siena. Rudolf Hüls, however, notes that Hugh might have mistaken Gregory of San Lorenzo and Gregory of Santa Prisca. Alfonso Chacón (Ciaconius) calls him Gregorius de Ceccano, a Hernician of the diocese of Aquino. Lorenzo Cardella says that Gregorius was born in Ceccano in the diocese of Sora, "da nobilissima famiglia". There is no evidence whatever that Gregorius of San Lorenzo was a member of the Albergati family of Bologna.

Amicus, O.S.B. was a 12th century Roman Catholic Cardinal, and Cardinal-priest of the titulus of Ss. Nereo ed Achilleo in Rome.

Joannes was a 12th century Roman Catholic Cardinal, and Cardinal-priest of the titulus of Santa Cecilia in Trastevere in Rome. Alfonso Chacón writes that he was a member of the Capizucchi family, but he was deceived by the forgeries of Alfonso Ceccarelli, a contemporary acquaintance. In fact, according to Agostino Paravicini Bagliani, in the 11th and 12th centuries the Capizucchi family had no cardinals.

Theobaldus was a 12th century Roman Catholic Cardinal, and Cardinal-priest of the titulus of Ss. Giovanni e Paolo in Rome. He is given a second name, Teuto, by Alfonso Chacón, but Teuto was actually a predecessor of Theobaldus at Ss. Giovanni e Paolo.

Rainerius was a 12th century Roman Catholic Cardinal, and Cardinal-priest of the titulus of Ss. Marcellino e Pietro in Rome.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ardicio Rivoltella</span>

Ardicio de Rivoltela was a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He was a native of Piadena (Platina), in the diocese of Cremona in Lombardy. The appellation "de Rivoltela" is mentioned only once, and its significance is unclear.

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.