José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva was a Brazilian statesman, naturalist, mineralist, professor and poet, born in Santos, São Paulo, then part of the Portuguese Empire.
Science and technology in Brazil has entered the international arena in recent decades. The central agency for science and technology in Brazil is the Ministry of Science and Technology, which includes the CNPq and Finep. This ministry also has a direct supervision over the National Institute for Space Research, the National Institute of Amazonian Research, and the National Institute of Technology (Brazil). The ministry is also responsible for the Secretariat for Computer and Automation Policy, which is the successor of the SEI. The Ministry of Science and Technology, which the Sarney government created in March 1985, was headed initially by a person associated with the nationalist ideologies of the past. Although the new minister was able to raise the budget for the science and technology sector, he remained isolated within the government and had no influence on policy making for the economy.
Miguel Osório de Almeida was a noted Brazilian physician and scientist, brother of another scientist, Álvaro Osório de Almeida, both considered the fathers of modern physiology in Brazil.
Carlos Chagas Filho was a Brazilian physician, biologist and scientist active in the field of neuroscience. He was internationally renowned for his investigations on the neural mechanisms underlying the phenomenon of electrogenesis by the electroplaques of electric fishes. He was also an important scientific leader, being one of the founders of the Biophysics Institute of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro and was also a president for 16 years of the Vatican's Pontifical Academy of Sciences, and president of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences (1965–1967).
Simon Schwartzman is a Brazilian social scientist. He has published extensively, with many books, book chapters and academic articles in the areas of comparative politics, sociology of science, social policy, and education, with emphasis on Brazil and Latin America. He was the President of the Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and is a retired professor from the Federal University of Minas Gerais. He is member of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences, holder of the Grand Cross of the Brazilian Order of Scientific Merit (1996). He is currently associate researcher at the Institute for Studies in Economic Policy Instituto de Estudos de Política Econômica / Casa das Garças - Rio de Janeiro.
Anita Leocádia Benário Prestes is a German-Brazilian historian. She is the daughter of political activists Olga Benário Prestes and Luís Carlos Prestes.
The Instituto Militar de Engenharia is an engineering institute maintained by the Brazilian Army with federal support. IME is the oldest and one of the best ranked engineering schools in Brazil, according to the Brazilian Ministry of Education. Its current campus is located in Urca, Rio de Janeiro, opposite the entrance to the Sugar Loaf cable car.
The Brazilian Historic and Geographic Institute, IHGB, founded on 21 October 1838, is the oldest and traditional authority to promote research and preservation of historical and geographical, cultural and social sciences in Brazil. Its creation, together with the Public Archives of Empire, which amounted to the Imperial Academy of Fine Arts, joined the effort of the conservatives during the regency of Pedro de Araújo Lima to build a strong and centralized imperial state.
Alexander Wilhelm Armin Kellner is a Brazilian geologist and paleontologist who is a leading expert in the field of studying pterosaurs. His research has focused mainly on fossil reptiles from the Cretaceous Period, including extinct dinosaurs and crocodylomorphs.
Fundação Getulio Vargas is a Brazilian higher education institution and think tank founded on December 20, 1944.
The contributions of women in climate change have received increasing attention in the early 21st century. Feedback from women and the issues faced by women have been described as "imperative" by the United Nations and "critical" by the Population Reference Bureau. A report by the World Health Organization concluded that incorporating gender-based analysis would "provide more effective climate change mitigation and adaptation."
Belita Koiller is a Brazilian Professor of Physics at the Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil. She is a Condensed Matter Theorist, and has contributed to the understanding of the properties of disordered solids, particularly disordered chains and semiconductor alloys. More recently, she has been interested in quantum control of individual electron spin and charge in semiconductors, aiming at applications in quantum information and quantum computing.
Lúcia Mendonça Previato is a Brazilian biologist. She was awarded the L'Oréal-UNESCO Awards for Women in Science in 2004 for her research into preventing Chagas disease.
Helena Judith Nussenzveig Lopes is a Brazilian mathematician, known for her work on the Euler equations for incompressible flow in fluid dynamics. She is a professor titular in the Department of Mathematical Methods at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.
Tarcísio Meirelles Padilha was a Brazilian philosopher and chairman of the Brazilian Academy of Letters. He was born in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on 17 April 1928, the son of Raymundo Delmiriano Padilha and D. Mayard Meirelles Padilha. In 1951, he married Ruth Maria Fortuna Padilha, and the couple has six children.
Cleonice Serôa da Motta Berardinelli was a Brazilian academic.
José Murilo de Carvalho was a Brazilian historian. He obtained his PhD in political science from Stanford University, defending a thesis on the Brazilian Empire. He was professor emeritus at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro and also taught at the Federal University of Minas Gerais. He was a visiting professor and researcher at the universities of Oxford, Leiden, Stanford, California (Irvine), London, Notre Dame, at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, and at the Ortega y Gasset Foundation in Madrid.
Anita Waingort Novinsky was a Brazilian historian, who specialized in the Portuguese Inquisition in Brazil, and the history of Jewish presence in Brazil, notably, the customs of the Crypto-Jews of the country and the renaissance of the awareness of their Jewish roots, 200 years after the end of the Inquisition in Brazil. She was the author of several books on this subject, an Associate Professor and the founder and chairperson of the Museum of Tolerance at the University of São Paulo.
Anna de Castro Belisário Soares de Sousa Peçanha was the wife of the 7th president of Brazil, Nilo Peçanha and the first lady of Brazil from 1909 to 1910. She was also the second lady of Brazil from 1906 until the death of Afonso Pena in 1909, and the first lady of the state of Rio de Janeiro for two periods, between 1903 and 1906 and between 1914 and 1917.
Nísia Trindade Lima is a Brazilian social scientist, sociologist, researcher and university professor who has been serving as Minister of Health of Brazil since 2023. She served as chairwoman of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation from 2017 to 2023.
