Anna Makanju (born 1975or1976 [1] ) is a global policy leader and advocate for AI regulation. She's worked in policy affairs for over a decade and has held several important government positions at the White House, Department of State, and the Pentagon. [2]
Anna Makanju was born in Russia to a Ukrainian mother and a Nigerian father, [3] she spent a considerable part of her childhood in St. Petersburg. [2] [4] Her father received a Soviet scholarship to study medicine in the former U.S.S.R. [4] While in Russia, Makanju's father met her mother, who was an engineer. [4] Makanju’s family later moved between several other countries, including Lagos, Nigeria; Germany; Arizona; and Kuwait, finally settling in Texas where Makanju completed her high school education. [4]
Makanju attended Western Washington University, where she majored in linguistics and French. [2] After completing her undergraduate degree, Makanju gained experience in the legal field, working with international criminal tribunals in The Hague, the Third Circuit Court of Appeals, and the international arbitration group at Cleary Gottlieb Steen and Hamilton LLP. [2] She then pursued a law degree from Stanford University. [2]
Makanju has a diverse background in government and technology. Her career began in public service focusing on national security and foreign policy within the Obama Administration. [3] [4] She served a key role during this period as National Security Council Director for Russia. She further contributed to foreign policy serving as a special advisor to then Vice President Joe Biden, [4] specializing in European and Eurasian affairs. [3] Transitioning from government to the private sector, Makanju joined Facebook where she worked on global elections and policy. Her growing interest in the societal impact of artificial intelligence led her to OpenAI. Initially serving as Vice President of Global Affairs, Makanju is shaping the organization's engagement with international bodies. [3] As of September 2024, she holds the position of Vice President of Global Impact, leading efforts to ensure the responsible and ethical development and deployment of AI. [5]
Makanju is an advocate and lobbyist for AI legislation, actively working to address the ethical implications of emerging technologies. She strives to ensure AI benefits humanity broadly and equitably, mitigating potential risks and maximizing positive societal impact. [6] Her expertise and leadership in the tech field have earned her international recognition, including being named to the Inaugural Time100 AI list, which highlights influential women shaping the future of artificial intelligence. [7]
Kate Crawford is a researcher, writer, composer, producer and academic, who studies the social and political implications of artificial intelligence. She is based in New York and works as a principal researcher at Microsoft Research, the co-founder and former director of research at the AI Now Institute at NYU, a visiting professor at the MIT Center for Civic Media, a senior fellow at the Information Law Institute at NYU, and an associate professor in the Journalism and Media Research Centre at the University of New South Wales. She is also a member of the WEF's Global Agenda Council on Data-Driven Development.
The ethics of artificial intelligence covers a broad range of topics within the field that are considered to have particular ethical stakes. This includes algorithmic biases, fairness, automated decision-making, accountability, privacy, and regulation. It also covers various emerging or potential future challenges such as machine ethics, lethal autonomous weapon systems, arms race dynamics, AI safety and alignment, technological unemployment, AI-enabled misinformation, how to treat certain AI systems if they have a moral status, artificial superintelligence and existential risks.
Samuel Harris Altman is an American entrepreneur and investor best known as the chief executive officer of OpenAI since 2019. He is also the Chairman of clean energy companies Oklo Inc. and Helion Energy. Altman is considered to be one of the leading figures of the AI boom. He dropped out of Stanford University after two years and founded Loopt, a mobile social networking service, raising more than $30 million in venture capital. In 2011, Altman joined Y Combinator, a startup accelerator, and was its president from 2014 to 2019.
Genevieve Bell is the Vice-Chancellor of the Australian National University and an Australian cultural anthropologist. She is best known for her work at the intersection of cultural practice research and technological development, and for being an industry pioneer of the user experience field. Bell was the inaugural director of the Autonomy, Agency and Assurance Innovation Institute (3Ai), which was co-founded by the Australian National University (ANU) and CSIRO’s Data61, and a Distinguished Professor of the ANU College of Engineering, Computing and Cybernetics. From 2021 to December 2023, she was the inaugural Director of the new ANU School of Cybernetics. She also holds the university's Florence Violet McKenzie Chair, and is the first SRI International Engelbart Distinguished Fellow. Bell is also a Senior Fellow and Vice President at Intel. She is widely published, and holds 13 patents.
Meredith Whittaker is the president of the Signal Foundation and serves on its board of directors. She was formerly the Minderoo Research Professor at New York University (NYU), and the co-founder and faculty director of the AI Now Institute. She also served as a senior advisor on AI to Chair Lina Khan at the Federal Trade Commission. Whittaker was employed at Google for 13 years, where she founded Google's Open Research group and co-founded the M-Lab. In 2018, she was a core organizer of the Google Walkouts and resigned from the company in July 2019.
The AI market in India is projected to reach $8 billion by 2025, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of over 40% from 2020 to 2025. This growth is part of the broader AI boom, a global period of rapid technological advancements starting in the late 2010s and gaining prominence in the early 2020s. Globally, breakthroughs in protein folding by Google DeepMind and the rise of generative AI models from OpenAI have defined this era. In India, the development of AI has been similarly transformative, with applications in healthcare, finance, and education, bolstered by government initiatives like NITI Aayog's 2018 National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence.
The Center for Security and Emerging Technology (CSET) is a think tank dedicated to policy analysis at the intersection of national and international security and emerging technologies, based at Georgetown University's School of Foreign Service.
Maria Virgínia Ferreira de Almeida Júdice Gamito Dignum is a Professor of Computer Science at Umeå University, and an Associated Professor at Delft University of Technology. She leads the Social and Ethical Artificial Intelligence research group. Her research and writing considers responsible AI and the development evaluation of human-agent team work, thereby aligning with Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence themes.
Regulation of artificial intelligence is the development of public sector policies and laws for promoting and regulating artificial intelligence (AI). It is part of the broader regulation of algorithms. The regulatory and policy landscape for AI is an emerging issue in jurisdictions worldwide, including for international organizations without direct enforcement power like the IEEE or the OECD.
Elizabeth Marie Allen is an American political advisor who served as under secretary of state for public diplomacy and public affairs in the Biden administration. She had previously served in his administration as assistant secretary of state for global public affairs. She was White House deputy communications director during the Obama administration. Allen resigned from the State Department on August 2, 2024, to take up a role as chief of staff to Tim Walz, the then-unannounced running mate of Democratic presidential candidate and incumbent Vice President Kamala Harris.
Yaël Eisenstat is an American democracy activist and technology policy expert who has spent over two decades combatting extremism, polarization, and anti-democratic behavior both on- and offline. With experience as one the United States government's top counterextremism officials and as Facebook's former Global Head of Elections Integrity Ops, Eisenstat is best known for being a pioneering voice in shaping public understanding of the ways in which social media contributes to polarization and radicalization.
James M. Manyika is a Zimbabwean-American academic, consultant, and business executive. He is currently the Senior Vice President at Google-Alphabet and a member of the senior leadership team. He is also known for his research and scholarship into the intersection of technology and the economy, including artificial intelligence, robotics automation, and the future of work. He is Google's first Senior Vice President of Technology and Society, reporting directly to Google CEO Sundar Pichai. He focuses on "shaping and sharing" the company's view on the way tech affects society, the economy, and the planet. In April 2023, his role was expanded to Senior Vice President for Research, Technology & Society and includes overseeing Google Research and Google Labs and focusing more broadly on helping advance Google’s most ambitious innovations in AI, Computing and Science responsibly. He is also Chairman Emeritus of the McKinsey Global Institute.
Gabriela Ramos is a Mexican economist, diplomat and international civil servant. In 2020 she was appointed Assistant Director-General for Social and Human Sciences at UNESCO.
Dataphyte is a social impact organisation operating as an access to information for development program and as an end-to-end data-as-a-service platform offering data services. Dataphyte uses data science and artificial intelligence tools to gather, curate, store and offer data on diverse subjects including government policy, economy, market trends, health, education, security, election, climate and in extractive industry. Dataphyte transforms generated data into machine-readable formats, generates interactive visualisations, analyse and publish insights into the data making it an open data source for journalists, civil society organisations and researchers.
Ermira "Mira" Murati is an Albanian engineer, researcher, and tech executive. She served as chief technology officer of OpenAI from May 2022 to September 2024.
Helen Toner is an Australian researcher, and the director of strategy at Georgetown’s Center for Security and Emerging Technology. She was a board member of OpenAI when CEO Sam Altman was fired.
Daniela Amodei is an Italian-American artificial intelligence researcher and entrepreneur. She is the President and co-founder of the artificial intelligence company Anthropic.
Sneha Revanur is an Indian-American activist. She is the founder and president of Encode Justice, a youth organization advocating for the global regulation of artificial intelligence. In 2023, she was described by Politico as the "Greta Thunberg of AI".
Jade Leung is the Chief Technology Officer of the United Kingdom's AI Safety Institute, where she designs and oversees safety evaluations for frontier AI models.
Sara Hooker is a computer scientist who works in the field of artificial intelligence (AI). She is known for her work on model efficiency at scale, large language models and areas of research on algorithmic bias and fairness in machine learning. As VP of Research at Cohere, she launched the Cohere For AI scholars program. In 2023, she was listed as one of AI's top 13 innovators by Fortune. In 2024, she was in TIME's 2024 list of the most influential people in AI.