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The Ob is a major river in Russia. It is in western Siberia, and with its tributary the Irtysh forms the world's seventh-longest river system, at 5,410 kilometres (3,360 mi). The Ob forms at the confluence of the Biya and Katun which have their origins in the Altai Mountains. It is the westernmost of the three great Siberian rivers that flow into the Arctic Ocean. Its flow is north-westward, then northward.
The Nenets, also known as 'Samoyeds', are a Samoyedic ethnic group native to Arctic Russia, Russian Far North. According to the latest census in 2021, there were 49,646 Nenets in the Russian Federation, most of them living in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Nenets Autonomous Okrug and Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District stretching along the coastline of the Arctic Ocean near the Arctic Circle between Kola and Taymyr peninsulas. The Nenets people speak either the Tundra or Forest Nenets languages. In the Russian Federation they have a status of Indigenous small-numbered peoples. Today, the Nenets people face numerous challenges from the state and oil and gas companies that threaten the environment and their way of life. As a result, many cite a rise in locally based activism.
The Samoyedic or Samoyed languages are spoken around the Ural Mountains, in northernmost Eurasia, by approximately 25,000 people altogether, accordingly called the Samoyedic peoples. They derive from a common ancestral language called Proto-Samoyedic, and form a branch of the Uralic languages. Having separated perhaps in the last centuries BC, they are not a diverse group of languages, and are traditionally considered to be an outgroup, branching off first from the other Uralic languages.
The Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug or Yamalia is a federal subject of Russia and an autonomous okrug of Tyumen Oblast. Its administrative center is the town of Salekhard, and its largest city is Novy Urengoy. The 2021 Russian Census recorded its population as 510,490.
The Mansi are an Ob-Ugric Indigenous people living in Khanty–Mansia, an autonomous okrug within Tyumen Oblast in Russia. In Khanty–Mansia, the Khanty and Mansi languages have co-official status with Russian. The Mansi language is one of the postulated Ugric languages of the Uralic family. The Mansi people were formerly known as the Voguls.
The Nganasans are a Uralic people of the Samoyedic branch native to the Taymyr Peninsula in north Siberia. In the Russian Federation, they are recognized as one of the indigenous peoples of the Russian North. They reside primarily in the settlements of Ust-Avam, Volochanka, and Novaya in the Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District of Krasnoyarsk Krai, with smaller populations residing in the towns of Dudinka and Norilsk as well.
Nenets is a pair of closely related languages spoken in northern Russia by the Nenets people. They are often treated as being two dialects of the same language, but they are very different and mutual intelligibility is low. The languages are Tundra Nenets, which has a higher number of speakers, spoken by some 30,000 to 40,000 people in an area stretching from the Kanin Peninsula to the Yenisei River, and Forest Nenets, spoken by 1,000 to 1,500 people in the area around the Agan, Pur, Lyamin and Nadym rivers.
Yurats (Yurak) was a Samoyedic language spoken in the Siberian tundra west of the Yenisei River. It became extinct in the early 19th century. Yurats was probably either a transitional variety connecting the Nenets and Enets languages of the Samoyedic family, or an archaic dialect of Enets. Some eastern dialects of Tundra Nenets may have a Yurats substrate, as the Yurats were likely absorbed by the Tundra Nenets. The uncertainty regarding the language's status is due to the scarcity of information about the language. Nevertheless, Glottolog considers it to be a dialect of Tundra Nenets.
The Yamal Peninsula is located in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug of northwest Siberia, Russia. It extends roughly 700 km (435 mi) and is bordered principally by the Kara Sea, Baydaratskaya Bay on the west, and by the Gulf of Ob on the east. At the northern end of this peninsula lie the Malygina Strait and, beyond it, Bely Island. Across the river lies the Gyda Peninsula. In the language of its indigenous inhabitants, the Nenets, "Yamal" means "End of the Land".
Bely Island is a relatively large island in the Kara Sea off the tip of the Yamal Peninsula, Siberia, Russia. Close to the island's northwest tip, there is the Russian Experiment Station Popov Station.
Siberia is a vast region spanning the northern part of the Asian continent and forming the Asiatic portion of Russia. As a result of the Russian conquest of Siberia and of the subsequent population movements during the Soviet era (1917–1991), the modern-day demographics of Siberia is dominated by ethnic Russians (Siberiaks) and other Slavs. However, there remains a slowly increasing number of Indigenous groups, accounting for about 5% of the total Siberian population, some of which are closely genetically related to Indigenous peoples of the Americas.
The Gyda Peninsula is a geographical feature of the Siberian coast in the Kara Sea. It takes its name from the river Gyda, that flows on the peninsula. It is roughly 400 km long and 360 km wide. This wide peninsula lies between the estuaries of the Ob and Yenisei Rivers. The southwestern corner of the peninsula is limited by the Taz Estuary, and across the river lies the Yamal Peninsula. The climate in the whole area is arctic and harsh.
Gyda National Park is the northernmost national park in the Western Siberia. The park covers arctic terrain of the Gyda Peninsula and nearby islands in the Kara Sea. It is situated in the Tazovsky District of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Until 2019, it was a 'zapovednik'.
Nenets Nature Reserve is a Russian 'zapovednik' in the northeast of European Russia on the coast of the Barents Sea and the delta of the Pechora River, about 800 km northeast of Arkhangelsk. With abundant wetlands, rivers, and sea islands, the reserve is an important point on the Atlantic migratory path for birds that winter in Western Europe and nest in the Eastern Europe and Western Siberian Tundra. Also present are large breeding grounds for the Atlantic Walrus. The reserve is situated in the Zapolyarny District of Nenets Autonomous Okrug. It was formally established in 1997, and covers and area of 313,400 ha (1,210 sq mi), of which 181,000 ha (700 sq mi) is over water.
Yuri Vella, full name Yurii Kilevich Aivaseda, known by his pseudonym Yuri Vella, was a writer, poet, environmentalist and social activist of the Forest Nenets people from Western Siberia.
Tyumen State University, also known as the University of Tyumen, is a comprehensive and research-intensive university in Tyumen, Russia. The University of Tyumen was the first university in Tyumen Oblast and was founded in 1930. Nowadays the UTMN consists of 15 institutes. The total number of students at the university is more than 27,000, including more than 1,900 international students. The total number of faculty and staff is more than 2,000. Today the UTMN trains specialists in 175 fields. The UTMN offers various forms of study: full-time, part-time, distance education, master's degree, undergraduate education, graduate, doctorate, advanced training, and second degree. The University is one of the participants of the Project 5-100 – the program of improving international competitiveness of the Russian institutions of higher education among the world's leading research and education centers.
Yar-Sale is a rural locality in Russia located east of Salekhard near the Gulf of Ob in the northern part of Western Siberia. It is the administrative center of Yamalsky District, one of seven in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug of Tyumen Oblast.
Anastasia Lapsui is a Soviet-born Nenets film director, screenwriter, and radio journalist who has lived in Finland since 1993. Lapsui, together with Markku Lehmuskallio, directed "Seven Songs from the Tundra," the first narrative film in the Nenets language. Lapsui has won numerous honors, including the Jussi Award for Best Film, and the Grand Prize at the Créteil International Women's Film Festival.
Pyakuto is a freshwater lake in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia. The name of the lake originated in the Forest Nenets language.
Numto is a freshwater lake in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia. The village of Numto, part of the Kazym rural settlement, is located at the southwestern of the lake by its shore. Historically it was the place where the Kazym rebellion flared up in the early 1930s.
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Hardy Aiken, Susan (1994). Dialogues. Exsoviet and American Women (Digitized 28 Feb 2008 ed.). University of Michigan: Duke University Press. pp. 285–311. ISBN 9780822313755 . Retrieved 19 August 2016.
- 1 2 3 Kasten, Erich; de Graaf, Tjeerd (2013). Sustaining Indigenous Knowledge: Learning Tools and Community Initiatives for Preserving Endangered Languages and Local Cultural Heritage. BoD – Books on Demand. p. 186. ISBN 9783942883122.
- 1 2 3 Alexander Vaschenko; Claude Clayton Smith; N. Scott Momaday. The Way of Kinship: An Anthology of Native Siberian Literature. University of Minnesota Press. pp. 200–201. ISBN 9781452915463.
- ↑ Thibaudat, Jean-Pierre (7 August 1998). "Voyage chez les Nénètses de Sibérie (5)". Libération (in French). Retrieved 19 August 2016.
- ↑ Otroshenko, Anastasia (5 February 2015). "Анна Неркаги: научиться любить повседневность" (in Russian). miloserdie.ru. Retrieved 19 August 2016.
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