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Dracula is a gothic horror novel by Bram Stoker, published on 26 May 1897. An epistolary novel, the narrative is related through letters, diary entries, and newspaper articles. It has no single protagonist and opens with solicitor Jonathan Harker taking a business trip to stay at the castle of a Transylvanian nobleman, Count Dracula. Harker escapes the castle after discovering that Dracula is a vampire, and the Count moves to England and plagues the seaside town of Whitby. A small group, led by Abraham Van Helsing, investigate, hunt and kill Dracula.
Gothic fiction, sometimes called Gothic horror, is a loose literary aesthetic of fear and haunting. The name refers to Gothic architecture of the European Middle Ages, which was characteristic of the settings of early Gothic novels.
Horror is a genre of speculative fiction that is intended to disturb, frighten, or scare. Horror is often divided into the sub-genres of psychological horror and supernatural horror, which are in the realm of speculative fiction. Literary historian J. A. Cuddon, in 1984, defined the horror story as "a piece of fiction in prose of variable length ... which shocks, or even frightens the reader, or perhaps induces a feeling of repulsion or loathing". Horror intends to create an eerie and frightening atmosphere for the reader. Often the central menace of a work of horror fiction can be interpreted as a metaphor for larger fears of a society.
Joseph Thomas Sheridan Le Fanu was an Irish writer of Gothic tales, mystery novels, and horror fiction. He was a leading ghost story writer of his time, central to the development of the genre in the Victorian era. M. R. James described Le Fanu as "absolutely in the first rank as a writer of ghost stories". Three of his best-known works are the locked-room mystery Uncle Silas, the vampire novella Carmilla, and the historical novel The House by the Churchyard.
Ann Radcliffe was an English novelist, a pioneer of Gothic fiction, and a minor poet. Her technique of explaining apparently supernatural elements in her novels has been credited with gaining respectability for Gothic fiction in the 1790s. Radcliffe was the most popular writer of her day and almost universally admired; contemporary critics called her the "mighty enchantress" and the Shakespeare of romance-writers, and her popularity continued through the 19th century. Interest in Radcliffe and her work has revived in the early 21st century, with the publication of three biographies.
The Monk: A Romance is a Gothic novel by Matthew Gregory Lewis, published in 1796 across three volumes. Written early in Lewis's career, it was published before he turned twenty, and he withheld his name from the first edition. It tells the story of a virtuous monk who gives into his lustful urges, setting off a chain of events that leave him damned. It is a prime example of the type of Gothic that specializes in horror.
May Sinclair was the pseudonym of Mary Amelia St. Clair, a popular British writer who wrote about two dozen novels, short stories and poetry. She was an active suffragist, and member of the Woman Writers' Suffrage League. She once dressed up as a demure, rebel Jane Austen for a suffrage fundraising event. Sinclair was also a significant critic in the area of modernist poetry and prose, and she is attributed with first using the term 'stream of consciousness' in a literary context, when reviewing the first volumes of Dorothy Richardson's novel sequence Pilgrimage (1915–1967), in The Egoist, April 1918.
Supernatural fiction or supernaturalist fiction is a subgenre of speculative fiction that exploits or is centered on supernatural themes, often contradicting naturalist assumptions of the real world.
Margaret Gabrielle Vere Long, who used the pseudonyms Marjorie Bowen, George R. Preedy, Joseph Shearing, Robert Paye, John Winch, and Margaret Campbell or Mrs. Vere Campbell, was a British author who wrote historical romances and supernatural horror stories, as well as works of popular history and biography.
The Italian, or the Confessional of the Black Penitents (1796) is a Gothic novel written by the English author Ann Radcliffe. It is the last book Radcliffe published during her lifetime. The Italian has a dark, mysterious, and somber tone which fixates on the themes of love, devotion, and persecution during the time period of Holy Inquisition. The novel deals with issues prevalent at the time of the French Revolution, such as religion, aristocracy, and nationality. Radcliffe's renowned use of veiled imagery is considered to have reached its height of sophistication and complexity in The Italian; concealment and disguise are central motifs of the novel. The novel is noted for its extremely effective antagonist, Father Schedoni, who influenced the Byronic characters of Victorian literature.
Fantasy is a genre of speculative fiction which involves themes of the supernatural, magic, and imaginary worlds and creatures.
Urban Gothic is a sub-genre of Gothic fiction, film horror, and television dealing with industrial and post-industrial urban society. It was pioneered in the mid-19th century in Britain, Ireland, and the United States, before being developed in British novels such as Robert Louis Stevenson's Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (1886) and Irish novels such as Oscar Wilde's The Picture of Dorian Gray (1890) and Bram Stoker's Dracula (1897). In the twentieth century, urban Gothic influenced the creation of the sub-genres of Southern Gothic and suburban Gothic. From the 1980s, interest in the urban Gothic was revived with books like Anne Rice's Vampire Chronicles and a number of graphic novels that drew on dark city landscapes, leading to adaptations in film including Batman (1989), The Crow (1994) and From Hell (2001), as well as influencing films like Seven (1995).
Frances Anne Edgeworth (1769–1865), known as Fanny, was an Irish botanical artist and memoirist. She was the stepmother and confidant of the author Maria Edgeworth.
The Apparition of Mrs. Veal is a pamphlet that was published anonymously in 1706 and is usually attributed to Daniel Defoe. Titled in full A True Relation of the Apparition of one Mrs. Veal, the next Day after her Death: to one Mrs. Bargrave at Canterbury. The 8th of September, 1705, it has been described as "the first modern ghost story".
Mrs F. C. Patrick was an 18th-century writer of Gothic fiction with at least three novels to her name. She was one of the earliest female writers of Gothic fiction.
Anna Millikin was a teacher and author of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. She was one of the earliest Irish women to write Gothic novels and established the literary periodical the Casket or Hesperian Magazine.
Anne Burke was an Irish novelist in the Gothic genre. She was one of the earliest women writers of Gothic fiction.
Heather Elizabeth Ingman is a British academic, noted for her work on Irish and British women's writing, the Irish short story, gender studies and modernism. Also a novelist and journalist, Ingman has worked in Ireland and the UK, especially at Trinity College Dublin, where she is an adjunct professor of English and Research Fellow in Gender Studies.
Marianne Kenley-Munster was an Irish Gothic writer, best known for her romance novel The Cottage of the Appenines, Or the Castle of Novina. A Romance (1806). She is thought to have been born in Ulster and to have died in Belfast.
The eighteenth-century Gothic novel is a genre of Gothic fiction published between 1764 and roughly 1820, which had the greatest period of popularity in the 1790s. These works originated the term "Gothic" to refer to stories which evoked the sentimental and supernatural qualities of medieval romance with the new genre of the novel. After 1820, the eighteenth-century Gothic novel receded in popularity, largely overtaken by the related genre of historical fiction as pioneered by Walter Scott. The eighteenth-century Gothic was also followed by new genres of Gothic fiction like the Victorian penny dreadful.
References
- 1 2 John Wilson Foster (14 December 2006). The Cambridge Companion to the Irish Novel. Cambridge University Press. pp. 40, 80. ISBN 978-0-521-67996-1.
- ↑ DeBurca Rare Books Catalogue 114. 11 November 2014.
- ↑ Lorna Sage; Germaine Greer; Elaine Showalter (1999). The Cambridge Guide to Women's Writing in English . Cambridge University Press, 30 Sep 1999 - 696 pages. ISBN 9780521495257.
- ↑ Angela Bourke. The Field Day Anthology of Irish Writing, Volume 5. NYU Press, 2002 - 3201 pages.
- ↑ Clery, Emma; Clery, E. J.; Clery, Research Fellow in English Emma (16 February 1995). The Rise of Supernatural Fiction, 1762-1800. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-45316-5.
- ↑ Anne Bannerman; Sarah Pearson; Barbara Hoole. FEMALE GOTHIC POETRY IN SCOTLAND AND NORTHERN ENGLAND OF THE 1800S (PDF). Faculteit Letteren en Wijsbegeerte, University of Ghent.
- ↑ Eugenia C. DeLamotte Visiting Associate Professor in Women's Studies Duke University (22 February 1990). Perils of the Night : A Feminist Study of Nineteenth-Century Gothic: A Feminist Study of Nineteenth-Century Gothic. Oxford University Press, USA. pp. 164–5. ISBN 978-0-19-536346-3.
- ↑ Rolf Loeber; Magda Stouthame-Loeber (2003). "The Publication of Irish Novels and Novelettes, 1750–1829,A Footnote on Irish Gothic Fiction". Romantic Textualities. June (10).
- ↑ William Hughes; David Punter; Andrew Smith (21 December 2015). The Encyclopedia of the Gothic. John Wiley & Sons. p. 357. ISBN 978-1-119-06460-2.
- ↑ The Harp and the Constitution: Myths of Celtic and Gothic Origin. BRILL. 16 November 2015. pp. 107–8. ISBN 978-90-04-30638-7.
- ↑ Ernest A. Baker (1924). The History of the English Novel. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 186. GGKEY:2FLJ1561ZZH.
- ↑ Jarlath Killeen (2014). The Emergence of Irish Gothic Fiction: History, Origins, Theories. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 70, 126, 171. ISBN 978-0-7486-9080-0.
