Related Research Articles
The University of Otago is a public research collegiate university based in Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand. Founded in 1869, Otago is New Zealand’s oldest University and one of the oldest universities in Oceania.
Suicide prevention is a collection of efforts to reduce the risk of suicide. Suicide is often preventable, and the efforts to prevent it may occur at the individual, relationship, community, and society level. Suicide is a serious public health problem that can have long-lasting effects on individuals, families, and communities. Preventing suicide requires strategies at all levels of society. This includes prevention and protective strategies for individuals, families, and communities. Suicide can be prevented by learning the warning signs, promoting prevention and resilience, and committing to social change.
Suicide is the act of intentionally causing one's own death. Mental disorders, physical disorders, and substance abuse are risk factors. Some suicides are impulsive acts due to stress, relationship problems, or harassment and bullying. Others from philosophical standpoints. Those who have previously attempted suicide are at a higher risk for future attempts. Effective suicide prevention efforts include limiting access to methods of suicide such as firearms, drugs, and poisons; treating mental disorders and substance abuse; careful media reporting about suicide; and improving economic conditions. Although crisis hotlines are common resources, their effectiveness has not been well studied.
Norman Louis Farberow was an American psychologist, and one of the founding fathers of modern suicidology. He was among the three founders in 1958 of the Los Angeles Suicide Prevention Center, which became a base of research into the causes and prevention of suicide.
The American Association of Suicidology (AAS) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization which advocates for suicide prevention. It was established in 1968 by Edwin S. Shneidman, who has been called "a pioneer in suicide prevention." Its official journal is Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, published six times a year by Wiley-Blackwell.
The International Association for Suicide Prevention (IASP) is an international suicide prevention organization. Founded by Erwin Ringel and Norman Farberow in 1960, IASP, which is in an official relationship with the World Health Organization, is dedicated to preventing suicidal behavior and providing a forum for mental health professionals, crisis workers, suicide survivors and other people in one way or another affected by suicidal behaviour. The organization now consists of professionals and volunteers from over 50 countries worldwide.
World Suicide Prevention Day (WSPD) is an awareness day observed on 10 September every year, in order to provide worldwide commitment and action to prevent suicides, with various activities around the world since 2003. The International Association for Suicide Prevention (IASP) collaborates with the World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Federation for Mental Health (WFMH) to host World Suicide Prevention Day. In 2011 an estimated 40 countries held awareness events to mark the occasion. According to WHO's Mental Health Atlas released in 2014, no low-income country reported having a national suicide prevention strategy, while less than 10% of lower-middle income countries, and almost a third of upper-middle and high-income countries had.
A suicide attempt is an attempt to die by suicide that results in survival. It may be referred to as a "failed" or "unsuccessful" suicide attempt, though these terms are discouraged by mental health professionals for implying that a suicide resulting in death is a successful and positive outcome.
Social media and suicide is a phenomenon concerning social media's influence on suicide behavior. Suicide is one of the top leading causes of death worldwide, and as of 2020, the third leading cause of death in those aged 15–24. According to the Center for disease control, suicide accounts for 21.5 percent of deaths, and is the second leading cause of death among adolecents. People ages 10-24 have a suicide rate of 10.7 per 100,000. Suicide is a leading cause of death in the United States accounting for 45,979 deaths in 2020. Suicide rates increased by 30 percent from 2000-2018 and declined in 2019 and 2020. Despite suicide prevention programs, therapy, and pharmacological treatments, the suicide rate is constantly growing worldwide. Suicide has been identified not only as an individual phenomenon, but also as being influenced by social and environmental factors. There is growing evidence that online activity have influenced suicide-related behavior. The use of social media throughout the 21st century has grown exponentially. There are a variety of sources that are accessible to the public in various forms. Sites include Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube, Snapchat, TikTok and more. These platforms were intended to allow people to connect in a virtual way, but can lead to cyberbullying, insecurity, emotional distress, and ultimately suicide.
Bullying and suicide are considered together when the cause of suicide is attributable to the victim having been bullied, either in person or via social media. Writers Neil Marr and Tim Field wrote about it in their 2001 book Bullycide: Death at Playtime.
Agnes Binagwaho is a Rwandan pediatrician and co-founder and the former vice chancellor of the University of Global Health Equity (2017-2022). In 1996, she returned to Rwanda where she provided clinical care in the public sector as well as held many positions including the position of Permanent Secretary for the Ministry of Health of Rwanda from October 2008 until May 2011 and Minister of Health from May 2011 until July 2016. She has been a Professor of Global Health Delivery Practice since 2016 and a Professor of Pediatrics since 2017 at the University of Global Health Equity. She resides in Kigali.
Eleanor Southey Baker McLaglan was a New Zealand medical doctor, who worked in school medicine from 1914 to 1940.
Historically, suicide terminology has been rife with issues of nomenclature, connotation, and outcomes, and terminology describing suicide has often been defined differently depending on the purpose of the definition. A lack of agreed-upon nomenclature and operational definitions has complicated understanding. In 2007, attempts were made to reach some consensus. There is also opposition to the phrase "to commit suicide" as implying negative moral judgment and association with criminal or sinful activity.
Diego De Leo is an Italian professor, doctor and psychiatrist. Until August 2015, he was the director of the Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention (AISRAP), World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Research and Training in Suicide Prevention at Griffith University in Brisbane, Australia. He has been on the editorial board of Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention since 1990, was its Editor-in-Chief from 2008 to early 2018, and is now Editor emeritus of the journal. He is frequently quoted in Australian news reports as an expert on suicide prevention.
Mary Jane Rotheram-Borus is a licensed clinical psychologist and professor with the University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences. Rotheram is the professor-in-residence in the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior. She is the Director of the Global Center for Children and Families at UCLA and the former director of the Center for HIV Identification, Prevention, and Treatment Services.
Nadine J. Kaslow is an American psychologist, the 2014 president of the American Psychological Association (APA) and the editor of the Journal of Family Psychology. Before her current affiliation with Emory University, Kaslow worked at Yale University. She was recipient of the 2004 American Psychological Association award for Distinguished Contributions to Education and Training in Psychology.
Suicide awareness is a proactive effort to raise awareness around suicidal behaviors. It is focused on reducing social stigmas and ambiguity, by bringing attention to suicide statistically and sociologically, and encouraging positive dialogue and engagement as a means to prevent suicide. Suicide awareness is linked to suicide prevention as both address suicide education and the dissemination of information to ultimately decrease the rate of suicide. Awareness is a first stage that can ease the need for prevention. Awareness signifies a fundamental consciousness of the threat, while prevention focuses on stopping the act. Suicide awareness is not a medical engagement, but a combination of medical, social, emotional and financial counseling. Suicide awareness in adolescents focuses on the age group between 10–24 years, beginning with the onset of puberty.
Anat Brunstein-Klomek is an Israeli psychologist who is an associate professor at the Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya. She holds an adjunct position at the New York State Psychiatric Institute. Her research considers depression, suicide and bullying.
Maria A. Oquendo is an American psychiatrist. Oquendo is the chair of the Department of Psychiatry in the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. In 2016, she became the first Latina to be elected president of the American Psychiatric Association.
Barbara H. Stanley was an American psychologist, researcher, and suicidologist who served as Professor of Psychology at Columbia University and the Director of Suicide Prevention Training at New York State Psychiatric Institute.
References
- ↑ "Dr. Annette Beautrais" (PDF). RHAANZ. Retrieved 20 March 2016.
- ↑ Todd, Rebecca (12 August 2010). "Suicide expert quits country 'in despair'". Stuff.co.nz. Retrieved 20 March 2016.
- ↑ Beautrais, Annette (1996). Serious suicide attempts in young people : a case control study (Doctoral thesis). OUR Archive, University of Otago. hdl:10523/3396.
- ↑ Gibb, John (15 February 2014). "Suicide prevention entering 'new era'". Otago Daily Times. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
- ↑ "People in the School of Health Sciences". University of Canterbury. Retrieved 20 March 2016.
- ↑ "Belfast hosts international conference on suicide prevention". BBC News. 22 November 2012. Retrieved 20 March 2016.
- ↑ "Symposia". IASP 2015. Archived from the original on 2 March 2015. Retrieved 20 March 2016.
- ↑ "Notes: Annette Beautrais, Ph.D. and Gregory L. Larkin, M.D." Yale School of Medicine. 2010. Retrieved 20 March 2016.
- ↑ "Emergency Medicine and Suicidal Behavior task force". IASP. Retrieved 20 March 2016.
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Academics | |
