Anthony M. Stevens-Arroyo, C.P. [1] (born July 8, 1941) is an American scholar of religion and retired Brooklyn College professor emeritus, and laicized Roman Catholic priest of the Passionist Order. He is married to Ana Maria Diaz-Stevens, Professor Emerita of Union Theological Seminary in New York for Sociology and Religion. At Brooklyn College, starting in 1980, he authored and/or edited a dozen books and wrote more than 100 scholarly articles, book chapters and reviews for leading quarterlies in the United States, Latin America and Spain.
Stevens-Arroyo co-founded (1992) and was first President (1995–97) of the Program for the Analysis of Religion Among Latinos, known as PARAL, which published a four book series on various aspects of Latino religious experience in the United States for which Stevens-Arroyo was the editor in chief as a resident scholar at Princeton University.[ citation needed ] In October 2008, he was awarded the Luzbetack Award for Exemplary Church Research, from Georgetown University's Center for Applied Research in the Apostolate (CARA). [2]
Stevens-Arroyo was appointed by the National Council of Churches to a commission reporting on religion in Cuba in 1976-77, and later named Director of the Hispanic Project for the Theology in the Americas in a program sponsored through the National Council of Churches. His history of Latino people of faith was published in 1980 by Orbis Press as Prophets Denied Honor: An Anthology on the Hispano Church in the United States; later designated as one of 15 outstanding English language books of 1980 by the editors of the International Bulletin of Missionary Research (London, UK).[ citation needed ] In 1987, Prophets Denied Honor was selected as a "Landmark of Catholic Literature in the 20th Century" by Philip Gleason in Keeping the Faith: American Catholicism, Past and Present (1987). [3]
Stevens-Arroyo testified to the United Nations' Committee for Trusteeship and Decolonization Committee hearings on Puerto Rico in September 1982. On June 25, 1990, he addressed the Sub-Committee on Insular and International Affairs of the U.S. House of Representatives, concerning legislation authorizing a plebiscite for Puerto Rico. He returned to serving the United States Civil Rights Commission's Advisory Committee for Pennsylvania. Retired as Professor Emeritus of Puerto Rican and Latino Studies at Brooklyn College, he currently resides in Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania. [4] He wrote the OnFaith blog "Catholic America" for the Washington Post from 2006 until 2010. [5]
In 2009, Arroyo criticized the Manhattan Declaration for its emphasis on abortion, stem-cell use and same sex marriage, saying ongoing wars and unemployment were more important for religious leaders to be discussing than these issues. [6]
He has been identified by some as a staunchly traditional Roman Catholic who has publicly espoused the controversial proposed canonizations of Queen Isabella of Spain and Pope Pius XII. His position in defense of Isabella was published in the New York Times on April 27, 1991, positing:
Assuredly, Isabella signed the decree that created the Inquisition. Should she be held accountable ever after for every abuse committed by that institution? Serious scholarship of the period suggests that the Inquisition was intended as a legal barrier to wild denunciations and mob attacks on converts. / Isabella's efforts to protect native rights suggest that when confronted with evidence of injustice, she took courageous steps toward correction, even when they produced serious negative economic results for Spain. Through the decade or so after Columbus's discoveries, Isabella worked to punish those who abused the Indians and to forge a policy apparatus for controlling conquistadores half a world away. [7]
A year later, he was awarded the Columbian Citation of Honor by the National Columbus Committee in April 1992. He was invited to present to attend an important religious conference sponsored by the Archdioceses of New York and San Juan, Puerto Rico as a keynote speaker in Spanish for a symposium highlighting 20th-century Catholic Thought in anticipation of the 500th anniversary of Columbus's arrival in the Americas and the consequent foundation of Christianity by Spain. [8]
The population of Puerto Rico has been shaped by native American settlement, European colonization especially under the Spanish Empire, slavery and economic migration. Demographic features of the population of Puerto Rico include population density, ethnicity, education of the populace, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
Carlos Manuel Cecilio Rodríguez Santiago, also known as "Blessed Charlie", was a Catholic catechist and liturgist who was beatified by Pope John Paul II on April 29, 2001. He is the first Puerto Rican and the first Caribbean-born layperson in history to be beatified.
The Catholic Monarchs were Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon, whose marriage and joint rule marked the de facto unification of Spain. They were both from the House of Trastámara and were second cousins, being both descended from John I of Castile; to remove the obstacle that this consanguinity would otherwise have posed to their marriage under canon law, they were given a papal dispensation by Sixtus IV. They married on October 19, 1469, in the city of Valladolid; Isabella was 18 years old and Ferdinand a year younger. Most scholars generally accept that the unification of Spain can essentially be traced back to the marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella. Their reign was called by W.H. Prescott "the most glorious epoch in the annals of Spain".
The Catholic Church in the United States is part of the worldwide Catholic Church in communion with the pope. With 23 percent of the United States' population as of 2018, the Catholic Church is the country's second-largest religious grouping after Protestantism, and the country's largest single church if Protestantism is divided in the separate denominations. In a 2020 Gallup poll, 25% of Americans said they were Catholic. The United States has the fourth-largest Catholic population in the world, after Brazil, Mexico, and the Philippines.
Diego de Deza y Tavera was a theologian and inquisitor of Spain. He was one of the more notable figures in the Spanish Inquisition, and succeeded Tomás de Torquemada to the post of Grand Inquisitor.
German immigration to Puerto Rico began in the early part of the 19th century and continued to increase when German businessmen immigrated and established themselves with their families on the island.
Afro–Puerto Ricans, most commonly known as Afroboricuas, but also occasionally referred to as Afroborinqueños,Afroborincanos, or Afropuertorros, are Puerto Ricans of full or partial sub-Saharan African origin, who are predominately the descendants of slaves, freedmen, and free Blacks original to West and Central Africa. The term Afro-Puerto Rican is also used to refer to historical or cultural elements in Puerto Rican society associated with this community, including music, language, cuisine, art, and religion.
The Catholic Church in Puerto Rico is part of the worldwide Catholic Church in communion with the pope in Rome. The 78 municipalities in Puerto Rico have a Catholic church which is located in the downtown area, normally across from the central plaza.
Witchcraft in Latin America, known in Spanish as brujería and in Portuguese as bruxaria, is a complex blend of indigenous, African, and European influences. Indigenous cultures had spiritual practices centered around nature and healing, while the arrival of Africans brought syncretic religions like Santería and Candomblé. European witchcraft beliefs merged with local traditions during colonization, contributing to the region's magical tapestry. Practices vary across countries, with accusations historically intertwined with social dynamics. A male practitioner is called a brujo, a female practitioner is a bruja.
Hispanic and Latino American Muslims also known as Morisco Americans are Hispanic and Latino Americans who are adherents of the Islamic faith. Hispanic and Latino Americans are an ethnolinguistic group of citizens of the United States with origins in Spain and Latin America. Islam is an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion teaching that there is only one God (Allah), and that Muhammad is the last messenger of God. The primary scriptures of Islam are the Quran, the verbatim word of God, and the teachings and normative examples of Muhammad. Muslims believe that Islam is the complete and universal version of a primordial faith that was revealed many times before through prophets including Adam, Abraham, Moses and Jesus, and the Quran in its Arabic to be the unaltered and final revelation of God. The Spaniards took the Roman Catholic faith to Latin America via imperialism and colonialism; Roman Catholicism continues to be the largest, but not the only, religious denomination among most Hispanics. In contrast, the Arabs took Islam to very few Latin American countries such as Mexico, El Salvador, Guatemala and Colombia via post-independence immigration.
Latinos and Hispanics are predominantly Christians in the United States. Specifically, they are most often Roman Catholic. According to a Public Religion Research Institute study in 2017, the majority of Hispanic and Latino Americans are Christians (76%), and about 11% of Americans identify as Hispanic or Latino Christian.
The Jewish immigration to Puerto Rico began in the 15th century with the arrival of the anusim who accompanied Christopher Columbus on his second voyage. An open Jewish community did not flourish in the colony because Judaism was prohibited by the Spanish Inquisition. However, many migrated to mountainous parts of the island, far from the central power of San Juan, and continued to self-identify as Jews and practice Crypto-Judaism.
Miles Jesu is a Catholic institute of consecrated life founded on January 12, 1964, in Phoenix, Arizona, whose membership comprises lay people and clerics who take religious vows and in addition, since it is structured as an ecclesial family of consecrated life, it also has people in other states of life as members.
The Missionary Servants of the Most Holy Trinity is a religious congregation of men in the Catholic Church, whose headquarters is located in Silver Spring, Maryland. Its membership consists of brothers and ordained priests. Members engage in missionary work with the poor and abandoned in both the United States and Latin America. One of their principal aims is to promote the missionary vocation of the laity. They are also known for supporting parish ministry and for promoting social justice.
Non-Spanish cultural diversity in Puerto Rico and the basic foundation of Puerto Rican culture began with the mixture of the Spanish-Portuguese, Taíno Arauak and African cultures in the beginning of the 16th century. In the early 19th century, Puerto Rico's cultures became more diversified with the arrival of hundreds of families from Non-Spanish countries such as Corsica, France, Germany, Greece, Palestine, Türkye, Pakistan, India, England, and Ireland. To a lesser extent other settlers came from Lebanon, China, Japan, Slavic countries of Eastern Europe and Scotland.
Salvador Freixedo was a Spanish Catholic priest and a member of the Jesuit order. A ufologist and researcher of paranormal subjects, he wrote a number of books on the relationship between religion and extraterrestrial beings, and was a speaker in several international UFO congresses in Europe, the Americas, and Asia. He was also a contributor to a number of parascientific magazines, such as Mundo Desconocido, Karma 7 and Más allá (Beyond) among others. He also appeared in a number of TV and radio shows dedicated to these subjects.
Francisco Olazábal (1886–1937) was a Pentecostal evangelist, who conducted an evangelistic healing ministry and founded the Interdenominational Mexican Council of Christian Churches in 1923, later renamed as Latin American Council of Christian Churches or Concilio Latino Americano de Iglesias Cristianas (CLADIC). Francisco Olazábal committed 30 years to his evangelistic healing ministry. Olazábal held healing campaigns across the United States, Puerto Rico, and Mexico.
Encarnación Padilla de Armas was a community leader, organizer, and advocate for the Spanish speaking community in Mexico, Puerto Rico, and the United States. She is also considered to be the "first Latina to achieve national leadership" in the Catholic Church.
Ana María Díaz Stevens is a Puerto Rican-American sociologist with a focus on Latinos and Latinas in religion, especially Roman Catholicism. She was inaugurated as a full faculty member at Union Theological Seminary in 1999, making her the first Latin American to hold that position at the university. She later became the Chairperson of the Church and Society at the seminary.
Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi is a Puerto Rican theologian, historian, teacher, academic and author. He holds the Frederick E. Roach Chair in World Christianity at Baylor University.
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