Xenophon of Athens was an ancient Greek philosopher, historian, soldier, mercenary, and student of Socrates. As a soldier, Xenophon became commander of the Ten Thousand at about 30, with noted military historian Theodore Ayrault Dodge saying of him, “the centuries since have devised nothing to surpass the
genius of this warrior.” He established the precedent for many logistical operations and was among the first to use flanking maneuvers, feints and attacks in depth. He was among the greatest commanders of antiquity.
As a historian, Xenophon is known for recording the history of his time, the late-5th and early-4th centuries BC, in such works as the Hellenica, which covered the final seven years and the aftermath of the Peloponnesian War, thus representing a thematic continuation of Thucydides' History of the Peloponnesian War.
Anabasis is the most famous book of the Ancient Greek professional soldier and writer Xenophon. The seven-tome book of the Anabasis was composed around the year 370 BC, and, in translation, Anabasis is rendered as The March of the Ten Thousand and as The March Up Country. The narration of the journey is Xenophon's best known work, and "one of the great adventures in human history".
The Ten Thousand was a force of mercenary units, mainly Greek, employed by Cyrus the Younger to attempt to wrest the throne of the Persian Empire from his brother, Artaxerxes II. Their march to the Battle of Cunaxa and back to Greece was recorded by Xenophon in his work The Anabasis.
Apollonides was a Greek physician and surgeon from Cos. Like many other of his kinsmen, he went to serve at the court of the Persian Empire, then ruled by Artaxerxes Longimanus.
Apollonis was one of the three younger Mousai Apollonides (Muses) in Greek mythology and daughters of Apollo who were worshipped in Delphi where the Temple of Apollo and the Oracle were located. The three sisters, Cephisso, Apollonis, and Borysthenis, are also known as Nētē, Mesē, and Hypatē where their names are synonymous with those of the lowest, middle, and highest chords of a lyre, further characterizing the Muses as the daughters of Apollo.
Apollonides was a Stoic philosopher. He was a friend and companion of Cato the Younger.
Apollonides was an ancient Greek male name.
Apollonides of Smyrna was an epigrammatic poet of ancient Greece, who lived in the time of the Roman emperors Augustus and Tiberius. The Greek Anthology contains upwards of thirty epigrams which bear his name, and which are distinguished for their beautiful simplicity of style as well as of sentiment. The philologist Johann Jakob Reiske was inclined to consider this poet as the same man as Apollonides of Nicaea, and moreover to suppose that the poems in the Greek Anthology were the productions of two different persons of the name of Apollonides, the one of whom lived in the reign of Augustus, and the other in that of Hadrian. But there is no ground for this hypothesis.
Apollonides or Apollonidas was governor of Argos in ancient Greece. He was raised to this office by Cassander. In the year 315 BCE, he invaded Arcadia, and got possession of the town of Stymphalus. The majority of the Argives were hostile towards Cassander, and while Apollonides was engaged in Arcadia, they invited Alexander, the son of Polyperchon, and promised to surrender their town to him. But Alexander was not quick enough, and Apollonides, who seems to have been informed of the plan, suddenly returned to Argos. About 500 senators were at the time assembled in the prytaneum: Apollonides had all the doors of the house well guarded, that none of them might escape, and then set fire to it, so that all perished in the flames. The other Argives who had taken part in the conspiracy were partly exiled and partly put to death.
Apollonides of Cardia was a man of ancient Greece to whom Philip II of Macedon assigned for his private use the whole territory of the Thracian Chersonesus. Apollonides was afterwards sent by Charidemus as ambassador to Philip.
Apollonides of Chios was during the eastern expedition of Alexander the Great one of the leaders of the Persian party in his native island; but while Alexander was in Egypt, Apollonides was conquered by the king's admirals, Hegelochus and Amphoterus. He and several of his partisans were taken prisoners and sent to Elephantine in Egypt, where they were kept in close imprisonment.
Apollonides of Nicaea lived in the time of the Roman emperor Tiberius, to whom he dedicated a commentary on the Silloi of Timon of Phlius.
Apollonides of Olynthus was a general who used his influence at Olynthus against Philip II of Macedon. The king, with the assistance of his intriguing agents in that town, contrived to induce the people to send Apollonides into exile. Apollonides went to Athens, where he was honored with the civic franchise; but being found unworthy, he was afterwards deprived of it.
Apollonides Orapius or Horapius was an ancient Greek writer who wrote a work on Egypt, entitled Semenuthi (Σεμενουθί), and seems also to have composed other works on the history and religion of the Egyptians.
Apollonides of Sicyon was a man of ancient Greece who served as an ambassador for Achaea in the 2nd century BCE.
Apollonides of Sparta was appointed in 181 BCE as one of the treasurers to check the system of squandering the public money which had been carried on for some time by Chaeron, a low demagogue. As Apollonides was the person whom Chaeron had most to fear, he had him assassinated by his emissaries.
Apollonides of Syracuse was a prominent citizen who, during the dissensions among his fellow-citizens, in the time of the Second Punic War, as to whether they were to join the Carthaginians or the Romans, insisted upon the necessity of acting with decision either the one or the other way, as division on this point would lead to inevitable ruin. At the same time, he suggested that it would be advantageous to remain faithful to the Romans.
Apollonides was a tragic poet of ancient Greece, concerning whom nothing is known. Two verses of one of his dramas are preserved in Clement of Alexandria and Stobaeus.
Apollonides was the name of a number of physicians of ancient Greece:
Apollonius of Clazomenae, was an ambassador among a delegation, together with Apollonides of Clazomenae, who was sent from Clazomenae to the Seleucid ruler Antiochus IV Epiphanes in 170 BCE, after the latter had made himself master of Egypt.
