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Tuscany is named after its pre-Roman inhabitants, the Etruscans. It was ruled by Rome for many centuries. In the Middle Ages, it saw many invasions, but in the Renaissance period it helped lead Europe back to civilization. Later, it settled down as a grand duchy. It was conquered by Napoleonic France in the late 18th century and became part of the Italian Republic in the 19th century.
The Grand Duchy of Tuscany was an Italian monarchy that existed, with interruptions, from 1569 to 1859, replacing the Republic of Florence. The grand duchy's capital was Florence. In the 19th century the population of the Grand Duchy was about 1,815,000 inhabitants.
The Duchy of Lucca was a small Italian state existing from 1815 to 1847. It was centered on the city of Lucca. By the Congress of Vienna of 1815 the Duchy was to revert to Tuscany on the end of its Bourbon-Parma line of rulers or when the line would obtain another territory, which both happened in 1847, when Marie Louise of Austria died and the Bourbon-Parma recovered the Duchy of Parma. In accordance with the final act of the Congress of Vienna, the Duchy of Lucca then came into the possession of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, which was annexed by the Kingdom of Sardinia (Piedmont) in 1860.
The United Provinces of Central Italy, also known as the Confederation of Central Italy or General Government of Central Italy, was a short-lived military government established by the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia. It was formed by a union of the former Grand Duchy of Tuscany, Duchy of Parma, Duchy of Modena, and the Papal Legations, after the Second Italian War of Independence.
The Order of Saint Stephen is a Roman Catholic Tuscan dynastic military order founded in 1561. The order was created by Cosimo I de' Medici, first Grand Duke of Tuscany. The last member of the Medici dynasty to be a leader of the order was Gian Gastone de Medici in 1737. The order was permanently abolished in 1859 by the annexation of Tuscany to the Kingdom of Sardinia. The former Kingdom of Italy and the current Italian Republic also did not recognize the order as a legal entity but tolerates it as a private body.
Between 1851 and 1860, the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, an independent Italian state until 1859 when it joined the United Provinces of Central Italy, produced two postage stamp issues which are among the most prized classic stamp issues of the world, and include the most valuable Italian stamp.
Alessandro Franchi was an Italian cardinal and archbishop.
Marino Zorzi or Marino Giorgi was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Brescia (1596–1631) and Apostolic Nuncio to Florence (1592–1596).
Giorgio Cornaro (1524–1578) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Treviso (1538–1577) and Apostolic Nuncio to Florence (1561–1565).
The Apostolic Nunciature to Savoy was an ecclesiastical office of the Catholic Church to the Duchy of Savoy, Italy. It was a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador. The office ceased to exist in 1795 soon after the Duchy of Savoy was occupied by French revolutionary forces in 1792 after the French Revolution.
Lorenzo Trotti was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Pavia (1672–1700), Apostolic Nuncio to Venice (1668–1671), Apostolic Nuncio to Florence (1666–1668), and Titular Archbishop of Carthage (1666–1672).
Ercole Visconti (1646–1712) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Titular Archbishop of Tamiathis (1678–1712), Apostolic Nuncio to Germany (1680–1687), and Apostolic Nuncio to Florence (1678–1680).
Carlo Francesco Airoldi (1637–1683) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Titular Archbishop of Edessa in Osrhoëne (1673–1683), Apostolic Nuncio to Venice (1675–1683), Apostolic Nuncio to Florence (1673–1675), and Apostolic Internuncio to Belgium (1668–1673).
Michele Priuli was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Vicenza (1579–1603) and Apostolic Nuncio to Florence (1589–1591).
The Regiment "Lancieri di Firenze" (9th) is an inactive cavalry unit of the Tuscan Army, French Army, Sardinian Army, and Italian Army.
The flag of Tuscany is the official flag of the region of Tuscany, Italy. The flag depicts a silver Pegasus rampant on a white field between two horizontal red bands. The flag first appeared as a gonfalon on 20 May 1975 along with accompanying text Regione Toscana above the Pegasus. It was officially adopted as the flag of Tuscany on 3 February 1995.
The Grand Duchy of Tuscany and the United States formally recognized each other in 1794, but never formally established diplomatic relations. Despite this, both countries appointed representatives and established diplomatic offices until 1860 when the Grand Duchy was incorporated into the Kingdom of Italy.
References
- 1 2 3 Cheney, David M. "Nunciature to Florence (Tuscany)". Catholic-Hierarchy.org . Retrieved June 16, 2018. [self-published]
- ↑ François Velde (July 4, 2005). "The Grand-Duchy of Tuscany". heraldica.org. Retrieved 2009-08-19.
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