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Experiential avoidance (EA) has been broadly defined as attempts to avoid thoughts, feelings, memories, physical sensations, and other internal experiences—even when doing so creates harm in the long run. The process of EA is thought to be maintained through negative reinforcement—that is, short-term relief of discomfort is achieved through avoidance, thereby increasing the likelihood that the avoidance behavior will persist. Importantly, the current conceptualization of EA suggests that it is not negative thoughts, emotions, and sensations that are problematic, but how one responds to them that can cause difficulties. In particular, a habitual and persistent unwillingness to experience uncomfortable thoughts and feelings is thought to be linked to a wide range of problems.
Stigma management is the process of concealing or disclosing aspects of one's identity to minimize social stigma.
Interdependence theory is a social exchange theory that states that interpersonal relationships are defined through interpersonal interdependence, which is "the process by which interacting people influence one another's experiences"(Van Lange & Balliet, 2014, p. 65). The most basic principle of the theory is encapsulated in the equation I = ƒ[A, B, S], which says that all interpersonal interactions (I) are a function (ƒ) of the given situation (S), plus the actions and characteristics of the individuals in the interaction. The theory's four basic assumptions are 1) The Principle of Structure, 2) The Principle of Transformation, 3) The Principle of Interaction, and 4) The Principle of Adaption.
Objective self-awareness is attention focused on the self as a socially evaluable object, as defined by Shelley Duval, Robert Wicklund, and other contemporary social psychologists.
References
- ↑ Allport, G. W. (1948). "The Genius of Kurt Lewin". Journal of Social Issues. The Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues. 4 (S1): 14–21. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1948.tb01792.x.
- ↑ Lewin, K. (1935). A Dynamic Theory of Personality. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0070374515.
- ↑ Miller, N. E. (1944). "Personality and the behavior disorders". In J.M. Hunt (ed.). Experimental Studies of Conflict. Vol. 1. New York: Ronald.
- ↑ Miller, N. E. (1959). "Liberalization of basic S-R concepts: Extension to conflict behavior, motivation, and social learning". In S. Koch (ed.). Psychology: A study of science. Vol. 2. New York: McGraw-Hill.
- ↑ O'Neil, EB; Newsome, RN; Li, IH; Thavabalasingam, S; Ito, R; Lee, AC (11 November 2015). "Examining the Role of the Human Hippocampus in Approach-Avoidance Decision Making Using a Novel Conflict Paradigm and Multivariate Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging". The Journal of Neuroscience. 35 (45): 15039–49. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1915-15.2015. PMC 6605357 . PMID 26558775.
- ↑ Boyd, R.L.; Robinson, M. D. & Fetterman, A. K. (2011). "Miller (1944) revisited: Movement times in relation to approach and avoidance conflicts". Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 47 (6): 1192–1197. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2011.04.017.