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The caves of the Serro da Ramalho karst area in the municipality of Serra do Ramalho, a municipality of the same name in southwestern Bahia State, Brazil, have been explored since the early 2000s. The several large cave systems present a great biospeleological potential. Newly discovered species include the first troglobitic Amblypygi recorded for Brazil, Charinus troglobiusBaptista & Giupponi, 2003, an eyeless harvestman, an as yet undescribed genus of spiders (Ochyroceratidae), and a species of catfish.
Iraquara is a municipality in the state of Bahia in the North-East region of Brazil.
Gruta de Maquiné (MG-0243), also Lapa Nova de Maquiné, is the oldest and one of the most commercially visited caves in Brazil. It is located about 5 km (3.1 mi) from Cordisburgo and 143 km (88.9 mi) northwest of Belo Horizonte, in the State of Minas Gerais. The cave has seven huge chambers explored, amounting to 650 m (2,130 ft) (linear) and unevenness of the ground of only 18 m (59 ft). Safety measures like lighting, walkways and handrails allow a multitude of visitors to enjoy safely the wonders of the grotto where the whole journey is accompanied by an experienced local guide.
Gruta do Padre (BA-052) is a cave located halfway between the municipalities of Santana, Santa Maria da Vitória e Canápolis, in the state of Bahia, Brazil. It is currently the third-longest cave in the country being 16,400 meters long and unevenness of 125 meters. Discovered in 1914 by a priest who sought honey in hives that get stuck in the rocks, it was often a place of religious pilgrimage where the locals came to pay their promises until the 1950s.
Gruta das Areias is a complex of caverns located in the region of Lajeado, in the municipality of Iporanga, São Paulo, Brazil. It is therefore part of the Areias System, located in the southwestern part of the carbonatic area Lajeado-Bombas, on the right bank of the Betari river, in the municipality of Iporanga, southeast of the state. It comprises the caves Ressurgência das Areias (SP-016), the 5.565 meter-long cave Areias de Cima (SP-018) and the Areias de Baixo (SP-019) cave, also popularly called Areias I and II. It is also part of the so-called Açungui group of caverns formed between the Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic, between 1.6 billion and 539 million years ago.
Guy Christian Collet was a French scientist, explorer and spelunker who came to live in Brazil after World War II. In the karstic region along the Ribeira valley in the State of Sao Paulo he began the exploration for caverns and grottos, becoming later founder and chairman of two speleological societies of deep respectability in the field of speleology in the country. He did work in the areas of underground biology, archeology, nutrition techniques in caves, besides having published several books and reports on the subject.
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Conjunto São Mateus (GO-011) is a complex of caves measuring 20500 meters long and considered until recently as the largest in Brazil, being replaced by the Toca da Boa Vista. It is located inside Terra Ronca State Park, in the speleologic district of São Domingos, State of Goiás. It is one of the richest in speleothems including the famous "Hall of the Pearls", where visitors should go barefoot to avoid the transposition of sediment. It houses the typical fauna of the caves, including the blind catfish. Inside the cave flows the São Mateus river, forming beaches and leaving successive halls along the way.
Lapa da Mangabeira (MG-003) is a cave located in the municipality of Ituaçu, Chapada Diamantina, in the State of Bahia, Brazil. Presenting a horizontal projection of 3230 meters and unevenness of 40 meters, being one of the most important pilgrimage centers in the State of Minas Gerais.
Gruta da Cabana (SP-108) is a limestone cave located inside the Alto Ribeira Tourist State Park, in the municipality of Apiaí, São Paulo, Brazil. Although under the protection influence of the other caves along the Areado Grande creek, the cave lies outside the borders of the park. It measures 4185 meters long and 74 meters deep. Recent studies proved that the cave is connected to Gruta Desmoronada (SP-74) through a test conducted by a group of geologists.
The Furnas do Cavalum are a group of four caves located in Machico, Madeira. Named after a local legend about a demon called Cavalum, who was imprisoned in the cave.
References
- 1 2 Martinelli, Ricardo de Souza; Sociedade Brasileira de Espeleologia (21 May 2007). "UPE continua o trabalho de mapeamento do Areado" (PDF). Sociedade Brasileira de Espeleologia Noticias. 2: 1.
- ↑ União Paulista de Espeleologia. "Cavernas Exploradas". UPE Cave. Archived from the original on 26 April 2012. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
