Argyll by-election, 1920

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The Argyllshire by-election, 1920 was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Argyllshire on 10 March 1920.

By-elections, also spelled bye-elections, are used to fill elected offices that have become vacant between general elections.

Argyllshire was a county constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1708 to 1800 and of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 until 1983. The constituency was named Argyll from 1950. The constituency was replaced in 1983 with Argyll and Bute.

Contents

Vacancy

The by-election was caused by the appointment of the sitting Coalition Liberal MP Sir William Sutherland as a Lord of the Treasury. This was an office of appointment under the Crown which enabled Sutherland to take up the post of Scottish Liberal whip but under the constitutional requirements of the day it meant he had to resign and fight a by-election. [1]

Liberal Party (UK) political party of the United Kingdom, 1859–1988

The Liberal Party was one of the two major parties in the United Kingdom with the opposing Conservative Party in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The party arose from an alliance of Whigs and free trade Peelites and Radicals favourable to the ideals of the American and French Revolutions in the 1850s. By the end of the 19th century, it had formed four governments under William Gladstone. Despite being divided over the issue of Irish Home Rule, the party returned to government in 1905 and then won a landslide victory in the following year's general election.

A whip is an official of a political party whose task is to ensure party discipline in a legislature. This usually means ensuring members of the party vote according to the party platform or other accepted policy views shared by the party, rather than according to their own individual conscience or the will of their constituents.

Candidates

As the candidate of the Liberal-Conservative coalition government Sutherland had no Unionist opponent. Neither did he face opposition by the Independent Asquithian Liberals, who chose not to stand a candidate. [2] He was however opposed by the Reverend M MacCallum of Muckairn, Oban for Labour. [3]

Conservative Party (UK) Political party in the United Kingdom

The Conservative Party, officially the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom. Presently led by Theresa May, it has been the governing party since 2010. It presently has 314 Members of Parliament in the House of Commons, 249 members of the House of Lords, and 18 members of the European Parliament. It also has 31 Members of the Scottish Parliament, 12 members of the Welsh Assembly, eight members of the London Assembly and 9,008 local councillors. One of the major parties of UK politics, it has formed the government on 45 occasions, more than any other party.

Oban town in Scotland

Oban is a resort town within the Argyll and Bute council area of Scotland. Despite its small size, it is the largest town between Helensburgh and Fort William. During the tourist season, the town can play host to up to 25,000 people. Oban occupies a setting in the Firth of Lorn. The bay is a near perfect horseshoe, protected by the island of Kerrera; and beyond Kerrera, the Isle of Mull. To the north, is the long low island of Lismore, and the mountains of Morvern and Ardgour.

The Labour Party is a centre-left political party in the United Kingdom which has been described as an alliance of social democrats, democratic socialists and trade unionists. The party's platform emphasises greater state intervention, social justice and strengthening workers' rights.

Issues

Reverend MacCallum was reported as being not only the representative of the Labour Party but also of the Highland Land League. [4] Another candidate representing the Labour and the Highland Land League had been Sutherland’s only opponent in Argyllshire at the 1918 general election. [5] Sutherland was fighting on the record of the Coalition government. Given this was a straight fight between the Coalition and Labour it is little surprise that Sutherland sought to portray it as a struggle against socialism and nationalisation and that MacCallum played up the issue of community control against the vested interests ranged against the working class. [6]

Highland Land League (1909)

The Highland Land League founded in 1909 was a left wing political party active in Scotland in the early twentieth century. It was separate from, although a conscious imitation of, the late 19th century Highland Land League.

The result

The press reported there was little excitement in the constituency on polling day. [7] Perhaps because the combined Liberal and Conservative votes were substantial there seemed little likelihood of an upset. Because of the scattered geography of the constituency it took until 24 March to get all the ballots collected and counted and the result formally declared. [6] Sutherland held the seat with a reduced majority but Labour had nearly doubled its share of the vote.

The votes

William Sutherland 1920 William Sutherland.jpg
William Sutherland
Argyll by-election, 1920 [5] Electorate
PartyCandidateVotes%±
C Liberal William Sutherland 10,187 64.9
Labour Malcolm MacCallum 5,498 35.1
Majority 4,689 29.8
Liberal hold Swing
Cindicates candidate endorsed by the coalition government.

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References

  1. The Times, 20 February 1920 p15
  2. The Times, 17 February 1920, p18
  3. The Times, 25 February 1920, p16
  4. The Times, 1 March 1920, p15
  5. 1 2 F W S Craig, British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949; Political Reference Publications, Glasgow, 1949 p614
  6. 1 2 The Times, 24 March 1920, p17
  7. The Times, 11 March 1920, p14

See also

UK by-election records is an annotated list of notable records from UK Parliamentary by-elections. A by-election occurs when a Member of Parliament resigns, dies, or is disqualified or expelled, and an election is held to fill the vacant seat. A constituency is the seat or division that member represented.