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Book censorship is the act of some authority taking measures to suppress ideas and information within a book. Censorship is "the regulation of free speech and other forms of entrenched authority". Censors typically identify as either a concerned parent, community members who react to a text without reading, or local or national organizations. Books have been censored by authoritarian dictatorships to silence dissent, such as the People's Republic of China, Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. Books are most often censored for age appropriateness, offensive language, sexual content, amongst other reasons. Similarly, religions may issue lists of banned books, such as the historical example of the Roman Catholic Church's Index Librorum Prohibitorum and bans of such books as Salman Rushdie's The Satanic Verses by Ayatollah Khomeini, which do not always carry legal force. Censorship can be enacted at the national or subnational level as well, and can carry legal penalties. In many cases, the authors of these books could face harsh sentences, exile from the country, or even execution.
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Kingsley Books, Inc. v. Brown, 354 U.S. 436 (1957), was a Supreme Court case that addressed issues of obscenity, free speech, and due process. The case stemmed from the confiscation and destruction of books from a New York City bookstore. The court's determination was that:
A state injunction against distribution of material designated as "obscene" does not violate freedom of speech and press protected by the First Amendment and the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
Democracy Forward Foundation is a 501(c)(3) non-profit and non-partisan legal services and public policy research organization in Washington, D.C. Founded in 2017, the organization works to expose and litigate corruption in the Executive Branch of the United States government.
Dan Sullivan is an American politician serving as a member of the Arkansas Senate from the 20th district. He has served in the Arkansas General Assembly since 2015.
Gender Queer: A Memoir is a 2019 graphic memoir written and illustrated by Maia Kobabe. It recounts Kobabe's journey from adolescence to adulthood and the author's exploration of gender identity and sexuality, ultimately identifying as being outside of the gender binary.
References
- 1 2 3 O'Connell-Domenech, Alejandra (2023-06-02). "Arkansas librarians, booksellers file lawsuit against latest book ban law". The Hill. Retrieved 2023-06-03.
- ↑ https://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/Home/FTPDocument?path=%2FACTS%2F2023R%2FPublic%2FACT372.pdf
- ↑ Shaffi, Sarah (31 May 2023). "Librarians sue Arkansas state over a law banning them from giving 'obscene' books to children". The Guardian.
- ↑ Coop, Griffin (2 June 2023). "New York Times, NBC, Guardian take note of Arkansas library lawsuit". Arkansas Times. Retrieved 8 June 2023.
- ↑ https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2023/jul/30/enforcement-of-two-parts-of-new-arkansas-law-on/%22Attorneys+for+coalition+of+libraries,+booksellers+seek+judicial+hold+on+parts+of+new+Arkansas+law+on+library+materials%22.+Arkansas+Online.+2023-06-23.+Retrieved+2023-06-25.
- ↑ https://arkansasadvocate.com/2023/07/29/federal-judge-temporarily-blocks-two-sections-of-arkansas-library-obscenity-law/#:~:text=U.S.%20District%20Judge%20Timothy%20Brooks,or%20%E2%80%9Charmful%20to%20minors.%E2%80%9D
- ↑ Salam, Erum (2 June 2023). "Group suing Arkansas says book ban law seeks to 'criminalize librarians'". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 June 2023.