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Sudan is located in Northeast Africa. It is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the northeast, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west and Libya to the northwest. Sudan is the third largest country in Africa, after Algeria and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It had been the largest country on the continent until the 2011 independence of South Sudan.
Below is a list of the 18 states of Sudan, organized by their original provinces during the period of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Arabic language versions are, as appropriate, in parentheses. Prior to 9 July 2011, the Republic of Sudan was composed of 25 states. The ten southern states now form part of the independent country of South Sudan. Two additional states were created in 2012 within the Darfur region, and one in 2013 in Kordofan, bringing the total to 18.
Khartoum State is one of the eighteen states of Sudan. Although it is the smallest state by area (22,142 km2), it is the most populous. It contains the country's largest city by population, Omdurman, and the city of Khartoum, which is the capital of the state as well as the national capital of Sudan. The capital city contains offices of the state, governmental and non-governmental organizations, cultural institutions, and the main airport.
Kassala is one of the 18 wilayat (states) of Sudan. It has an area of 36,710 km² and an estimated population of approximately 1,400,000 (2000). Kassala is the capital of the state; other towns in Kassala include Aroma, Hamashkoraib, Halfa el Jadida, Khashm el Girba and Telkuk.
The Atbarah River, also known as the Black Nile, is a river in northeast Africa. It rises in northwest Ethiopia, approximately 50 km north of Lake Tana and 30 km west of Gondar. It then flows about 805 km (500 mi) to the Nile in north-central Sudan, joining it at the city of Atbarah. The river's tributary, the Tekezé (Setit) River, is perhaps the true upper course of the Atbarah, as the Tekezé follows the longer course prior to the confluence of the two rivers in northeastern Sudan. The Atbarah is the last tributary of the Nile before it reaches the Mediterranean.
Kassala is the capital of the state of Kassala in eastern Sudan. Its 2008 population was recorded to be 419,030. Built on the banks of the Gash River, it is a market town and is famous for its fruit gardens.
The Mareb River, or Gash River is a river flowing out of central Eritrea. Its chief importance is defining part of the boundary between Eritrea and Ethiopia, between the point where the Mai Ambassa enters the river at 14°53.6′N37°54.8′E to the confluence of the Balasa with the Mareb at 14°38′N39°1.3′E.
Teseney, also spelled Tessenei or Tesseney, is a market town in western Eritrea. It lies south-east of Kassala in Sudan, on the Gash River. The city was much fought over in the Eritrean War of Independence during which much of it was destroyed. After the war, Tessenei has become a governmental administrative center with customs and agricultural offices and a military base.
Düzce is the capital city of Düzce Province is the eighty-first Province in Turkey. The population is 367,087 and in 2009 was 125,240, an increase from 61,878 in 1990.
The Butana, historically called the Island of Meroë, is the region between the Atbara and the Nile in the Sudan. South of Khartoum it is bordered by the Blue Nile and in the east by Lake Tana in Ethiopia. It should not be confused with the Gezira, the region west of the Blue Nile and east of the White Nile.
Bor Airport is an airport in South Sudan.
Brogo River, a perennial river that is part of the Bega River catchment, is located in the South Coast region of New South Wales, Australia.
Red Sea University is located in the city of Port Sudan, in the state of The Red Sea in eastern Sudan. It was established in 1994. It is a member of the Federation of the Universities of the Islamic World.
The Eastern Sudan States Coordinating Council is a body established by the Eastern Sudan Peace Agreement signed by the Government of Sudan and the rebel Eastern Front in June 2006. It seeks to enhance cooperation between the three eastern states of the Republic of Sudan; Kassala, Red Sea and Al Qadarif. The agreement also established an Eastern Sudan Reconstruction and Development Fund to aid wealth-sharing between the central government and the three states. It requires the President of Sudan to appoint one Assistant to the President from nominees presented by the Eastern Front.
Ban Tun is a village and tambon (sub-district) of Mueang Phayao District, in Phayao Province, Thailand. In 2005 it had a population of 5,098 people.
Aroma is an unincorporated community in southern Newton County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. The community is on the north bank of Hickory Creek 1.5 miles east of Monark Springs. It is on Missouri Route H 2.5 miles north of Sweetwater and 4.5 miles east of Neosho.
Sweetwater is an unincorporated community in Newton County, in the U.S. state of Missouri. The community is located at the intersection of Missouri routes H and HH approximately five miles southeast of Neosho. Aroma is 2.5 miles north and Boulder City lies two miles southeast on Route H.
Sudan is a country that is half desert and much of the population suffers from a shortage of clean drinking water as well as a reliable source of water for agriculture. With the Nile river in the east of the country, parts of Sudan have substantial water resources, but those in the west have to rely on wadis, seasonal wells which often dry up. These imbalances in water availability are a source of hardship, as well as a source of conflict. While storage facilities are limited, many local communities have constructed makeshift dams and reservoirs, weirs, which help in stabilizing farming communities. Farmers also utilize hafirs to store rain water which falls in the rainy season, but groundwater remains a vital source of water for over 80% of Sudanese people. For decades, political instability has led to terrible conditions and thwarted many projects and relief efforts, but aid is making its way through. Several water infrastructure projects have been enacted in recent years, with both domestic and international sources of funding. Funding from the UN has provided 9,550 local farmers with better access to water and fertile soils. A project which also plans to replant forest cover in the wadi to reverse desertification.
The 2019–2022 Sudanese protests are street protests in Sudan which began in mid-September 2019, during Sudan's transition to democracy, about issues which included the nomination of a new Chief Justice and Attorney General, the killing of civilians by the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), the toxic effects of cyanide and mercury from gold mining in Northern state and South Kordofan, opposition to a state governor in el-Gadarif and to show trials of Sudanese Professionals Association (SPA) coordinators, and advocating the dismissal of previous-government officials in Red Sea, White Nile, and South Darfur. The protests follow the Sudanese Revolution's street protests and civil disobedience of the early September 2019 transfer of executive power to the country's Sovereignty Council, civilian prime minister Abdalla Hamdok, and his cabinet of ministers. Hamdok described the 39-month transition period as defined by the aims of the revolution.
Toteil is a small village located at the southern edge of the Taka Mountains in Kassala state around 4.16 km from Kassala, Sudan. According to Lonely Planet Toteil is "noted for atmospheric cafes serving delicious coffee and popcorns in lovely surrounds". The historic Khatmiyah Mosque is 15–20-minute walk away.
References
- ↑ "Aroma, Sudan - Geographical Names, map, geographic coordinates". geographic.org. Retrieved 2018-02-09.
- ↑ "Eastern Sudan: No water in Aroma, no bread in Kassala". Radio Dabanga. 2016-03-17. Retrieved 2018-02-09.