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Sjögren's syndrome is a long-term autoimmune disease that affects the body's moisture-producing glands, and often seriously affects other organs systems, such as the lungs, kidneys, and nervous system. Primary symptoms are dryness, pain and fatigue. Other symptoms can include dry skin, vaginal dryness, a chronic cough, numbness in the arms and legs, feeling tired, muscle and joint pains, and thyroid problems. Those affected are also at an increased risk (5%) of lymphoma.
Autoimmunity is the system of immune responses of an organism against its own healthy cells and tissues. Any disease that results from such an aberrant immune response is termed an "autoimmune disease". Prominent examples include celiac disease, post-infectious IBS, diabetes mellitus type 1, Henloch Scholein Pupura (HSP) sarcoidosis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjögren syndrome, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves' disease, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, Addison's disease, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis, polymyositis (PM), dermatomyositis (DM) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Autoimmune diseases are very often treated with steroids.
Methotrexate (MTX), formerly known as amethopterin, is a chemotherapy agent and immune-system suppressant. It is used to treat cancer, autoimmune diseases, ectopic pregnancy, and for medical abortions. Types of cancers it is used for include breast cancer, leukemia, lung cancer, lymphoma, gestational trophoblastic disease, and osteosarcoma. Types of autoimmune diseases it is used for include psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and Crohn's disease. It can be given by mouth or by injection.
Rituximab, sold under the brand name Rituxan among others, is a medication used to treat certain autoimmune diseases and types of cancer. It is used for non-Hodgkin lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, rheumatoid arthritis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, pemphigus vulgaris, myasthenia gravis and Epstein–Barr virus-positive mucocutaneous ulcers. It is given by slow injection into a vein.
CTLA4 or CTLA-4, also known as CD152, is a protein receptor that functions as an immune checkpoint and downregulates immune responses. CTLA4 is constitutively expressed in regulatory T cells but only upregulated in conventional T cells after activation – a phenomenon which is particularly notable in cancers. It acts as an "off" switch when bound to CD80 or CD86 on the surface of antigen-presenting cells.
Tadamitsu Kishimoto is a Japanese immunologist known for research on IgM and cytokines, most famously, interleukin 6.
Carolyn Ruth Bertozzi is an American chemist. Bertozzi is known for founding a new field of chemistry: bioorthogonal chemistry. At Stanford University, she holds the Anne T. and Robert M. Bass Professorship in the School of Humanities and Sciences. Bertozzi is also an Investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) and is the former Director of the Molecular Foundry, a nanoscience research center at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. She received the MacArthur "genius" award at age 33. In 2010, she was the first woman to receive the prestigious Lemelson-MIT Prize faculty award. She is a member of the National Academy of Sciences (2005), the Institute of Medicine (2011), and the National Academy of Inventors (2013). In 2014, it was announced that Bertozzi would lead ACS Central Science, the American Chemical Society's first peer-reviewed open access journal that offers all content free to the public.
Belimumab, sold under the brand name Benlysta, is a human monoclonal antibody that inhibits B-cell activating factor (BAFF), also known as B-lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS). It is approved in the United States, Canada, and Europe to treat systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
Childhood arthritis, is any form of chronic arthritis or chronic arthritis-related conditions which affects individuals under the age of 16. It is an autoimmune disease.
Philippa "Pippa" Marrack, Ph.D, FRS is an English immunologist and academic, based in the United States, best known for her research and discoveries pertaining to T cells. Dr. Marrack is the Ida and Cecil Green Professor and chair of the Department of Biomedical Research at National Jewish Health and a Distinguished Professor of immunology and microbiology at the University of Colorado Denver.
An autoimmune disease is a condition arising from an abnormal immune response to a functioning body part. There are at least 80 types of autoimmune diseases. Nearly any body part can be involved. Common symptoms include low grade fever and feeling tired. Often symptoms come and go.
Sir Marc Feldmann,, is an Australian immunologist. He is a professor at the University of Oxford and a Senior Research Fellow at Somerville College, Oxford.
Sir John Irving Bell is a Canadian immunologist and geneticist. From 2006 to 2011, he was President of the Academy of Medical Sciences, and since 2002 he has held the Regius Chair of Medicine at the University of Oxford, UK. He was since 2006 Chairman of the Office for Strategic Coordination of Health Research (OSCHR) but as of 2020 is just a normal member. Bell was selected to the Vaccine Taskforce sometime before 1 July 2020.
Laurie Hollis Glimcher is an American physician-scientist who was appointed president and CEO of Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in October 2016. She was elected a Member of the American Philosophical Society in 2019.
James Patrick Allison is an American immunologist and Nobel laureate who holds the position of professor and chair of immunology and executive director of immunotherapy platform at the MD Anderson Cancer Center at the University of Texas.
Harvey Cantor is an American immunologist known for his studies of the development and immunological function of T lymphocytes. Cantor is currently the Baruj Benacerraf Professor of Microbiology & Immunobiology at the Harvard Medical School.
Amita Aggarwal is an Indian clinical immunologist, rheumatologist and a Professor and Head at the Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology of the Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow. Known for her studies in autoimmune rheumatic diseases, Aggarwal is a recipient of the Shakuntala Amir Chand Award of the Indian Council of Medical Research and an elected fellow of the National Academy of Sciences, India, National Academy of Medical Sciences and the National Academy of Medical Sciences. The Department of Biotechnology of the Government of India awarded her the National Bioscience Award for Career Development, one of the highest Indian science awards, for her contributions to biosciences in 2004.
Paul-Peter Tak is an immunologist, academic and venture partner who has specialized in the fields of rheumatology and immunology. He is known for his pioneering research into the effect of bioelectronics on rheumatoid arthritis and other diseases. Tak is currently President and CEO at Kintai Therapeutics, Venture Partner at Flagship Pioneering and was previously senior vice president, Development Leader and Chief Immunology Officer for GlaxoSmithKline. Tak also created the Immunology Network.
Bjarne Bogen is a Norwegian immunologist, inventor and physician. He is widely known for his research on DNA vaccines, autoimmune disorders and cancer immunology.
Gabriel A. Rabinovich, Ph.D. is an Argentinian biochemist who is currently a professor at the School of Exact and Natural Sciences at the University of Buenos Aires. He is also the deputy director of Immunopathology Laboratories, and the head of Structural and Functional Glycomic Laboratories.
References
- ↑ "Arthur Weiss". www.nasonline.org. Retrieved 2020-03-31.
- 1 2 "Arthur Weiss". HHMI.org. Retrieved 2020-03-31.
- ↑ Ashouri, Judith F.; Hsu, Lih-Yun; Yu, Steven; Rychkov, Dmitry; Chen, Yiling; Cheng, Debra A.; Sirota, Marina; Hansen, Erik; Lattanza, Lisa; Zikherman, Julie; Weiss, Arthur (2019-09-10). "Reporters of TCR signaling identify arthritogenic T cells in murine and human autoimmune arthritis". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116 (37): 18517–18527. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1904271116 . ISSN 0027-8424. PMID 31455730.
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