Artin's criterion

In mathematics, Artin's criteria ^{[1] [2] [3] [4]} are a collection of related necessary and sufficient conditions on deformation functors which prove the representability of these functors as either algebraic spaces ^[5] or as algebraic stacks. In particular, these conditions are used in the construction of the moduli stack of elliptic curves ^[6] and the construction of the moduli stack of pointed curves. ^[7]

Notation and technical notes

Throughout this article, let ${\displaystyle S}$ be a scheme of finite-type over a field ${\displaystyle k}$ or an excellent DVR. ${\displaystyle p:F\to (Sch/S)}$ will be a category fibered in groupoids, ${\displaystyle F(X)}$ will be the groupoid lying over ${\displaystyle X\to S}$.

A stack ${\displaystyle F}$ is called limit preserving if it is compatible with filtered direct limits in ${\displaystyle Sch/S}$, meaning given a filtered system ${\displaystyle \{X_{i}\}_{i\in I}}$ there is an equivalence of categories

${\displaystyle \lim _{\rightarrow }F(X_{i})\to F(\lim _{\rightarrow }X_{i})}$

An element of ${\displaystyle x\in F(X)}$ is called an algebraic element if it is the henselization of an ${\displaystyle {\mathcal {O}}_{S}}$-algebra of finite type.

A limit preserving stack ${\displaystyle F}$ over ${\displaystyle Sch/S}$ is called an algebraic stack if

1. For any pair of elements ${\displaystyle x\in F(X),y\in F(Y)}$ the fiber product ${\displaystyle X\times _{F}Y}$ is represented as an algebraic space
2. There is a scheme ${\displaystyle X\to S}$ locally of finite type, and an element ${\displaystyle x\in F(X)}$ which is smooth and surjective such that for any ${\displaystyle y\in F(Y)}$ the induced map ${\displaystyle X\times _{F}Y\to Y}$ is smooth and surjective.

See also

• Artin approximation theorem
• Schlessinger's theorem

References

1. Artin, M. (September 1974). "Versal deformations and algebraic stacks". Inventiones Mathematicae. 27 (3): 165–189. Bibcode:1974InMat..27..165A. doi:10.1007/bf01390174. ISSN   0020-9910. S2CID   122887093.
2. Artin, M. (2015-12-31), "Algebraization of formal moduli: I", Global Analysis: Papers in Honor of K. Kodaira (PMS-29), Princeton: Princeton University Press, pp. 21–72, doi:10.1515/9781400871230-003, ISBN   978-1-4008-7123-0
3. Artin, M. (January 1970). "Algebraization of Formal Moduli: II. Existence of Modifications". The Annals of Mathematics. 91 (1): 88–135. doi:10.2307/1970602. ISSN   0003-486X. JSTOR   1970602.
4. Artin, M. (January 1969). "Algebraic approximation of structures over complete local rings". Publications Mathématiques de l'IHÉS. 36 (1): 23–58. doi:10.1007/bf02684596. ISSN   0073-8301. S2CID   4617543.
5. Hall, Jack; Rydh, David (2019). "Artin's criteria for algebraicity revisited". Algebra & Number Theory. 13 (4): 749–796. arXiv: 1306.4599 . doi:10.2140/ant.2019.13.749. S2CID   119597571.
6. Deligne, P.; Rapoport, M. (1973), "Les schémas de modules de courbes elliptiques", Modular Functions of One Variable II, Lecture Notes in Mathematics, vol. 349, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 143–316, doi:10.1007/bfb0066716, ISBN   978-3-540-06558-6
7. Knudsen, Finn F. (1983-12-01). "The projectivity of the moduli space of stable curves, II: The stacks $M_{g,n}$". Mathematica Scandinavica. 52: 161–199. doi: 10.7146/math.scand.a-12001 . ISSN   1903-1807.

• Deformation theory and algebraic stacks - overview of Artin's papers and related research