Ashley Jewish Homesteaders Cemetery | |
Location | 48th Ave. SE. Ashley, North Dakota |
---|---|
Coordinates | 46°04′41″N99°22′44″W / 46.078°N 99.379°W |
Area | 1.7 acres (0.69 ha) |
Website | Ashley Jewish Cemetery Association |
NRHP reference No. | 15000807 |
Added to NRHP | November 17, 2015 [1] |
The Ashley Jewish Homesteaders Cemetery is an early 20th century burial site near Ashley, North Dakota. The Russian and Romanian Jews who farmed the area beginning in 1905 arrived as refugees fleeing pogroms and persecution. They had never farmed before, due to restrictions against Jews owning land in their native countries. Despite this lack of experience and the many rocks and boulders that peppered their claims, with the assistance of their German-Russian neighbors, and hard work and persistence, the great majority of them were successful enough to buy their land outright prior to the five-year waiting period contained within the Homestead Act of 1862, or to own their land at the five year mark. [2]
Over the course of the next 20 years, these Jewish farmers moved off their farms to carve out their livelihoods. Though many remained as shopkeepers in the smaller towns in the Dakotas, a significant number chose to eventually move closer to larger Jewish educational and social centers. [3]
Established in 1913, the cemetery remains as the only physical evidence of the largest Jewish agricultural settlement in North Dakota, South Dakota, or Montana. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places listings in 2015, and re-dedicated with explanatory plaques in 2017. It is the only remaining Jewish homesteader cemetery in the Dakotas that has been continually cared for by the descendants of those buried, and the Ashley residents hired by the descendants to maintain the grounds. [4]
Russian and Romanian Jewish immigrants who fled to America to escape pogroms in their home country, began staking homestead claims in McIntosh County, North Dakota in 1905, arriving two decades into the county's homesteading immigration flux. [5] What they found was a stark landscape of rocky soil and severe weather conditions. They lived either in sod houses, made of earth and grass, or dug out holes in the ground and covered them with manure for protection against the elements. Nevertheless, they persevered, seeing the fruits of their labors in agriculture, livestock and dairy farming. [6]
These settlers also maintained their Jewish religion and culture despite living in this remote area. The first Jewish congregation was formed by lay leader Kiva Bender, buried in the cemetery, who also formed the first Jewish farming cooperative in the area. Two rabbis, Rabbi Julius Hess and Rabbi Ostrowsky, later served the Ashley/Wishek and other nearby North Dakota rural areas. [7]
The Ashley Jewish Homesteaders Cemetery is located approximately three miles north of the city limits of Ashley, North Dakota. The first burial marked with a monument was that of Lipman Bloom in 1913. The last burial was of Maxine Sally Becker in 1932, about the time the community itself disbanded. The cemetery is the only remaining physical evidence that the community existed. [8]
The site contains 22 monuments, with epitaphs inscribed in the Hebrew language and symbols meaningful in the Jewish religion, as well as unmarked graves. Infants were buried in a separate area in accordance with Jewish tradition of the time. According to the National Park Service, Ashley was the largest Jewish agricultural settlement ever in North Dakota, with the largest number of marked graves of Jewish homesteader families in either North or South Dakota. [9]
The cemetery was added to the NRHP in North Dakota on November 17, 2015. [10] North Dakota governor Doug Burgum declared May 21, 2017 "North Dakota Jewish Homesteaders Day", to honor the re-dedication ceremony held by descendants of those buried in the cemetery. [11]
On March 19, 2019, Still, a biography/memoir about five generations of the Bender (Bendersky) family, co-written by Rebecca E. Bender and her late dad, Kenneth M. Bender, was published by North Dakota State University Press. In following the Bender family from Odessa, Russia to Ashley, North Dakota, and beyond, the book provides detail regarding the Ashley Jewish Homesteaders Cemetery, as well as the Ashley Jewish community, and the overt and subtle challenges to faith that were faced by the Jewish homesteaders and their descendants. [12]
Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial is a United States presidential memorial and a National Historic Landmark District in Lincoln City, Indiana. It preserves the farm site where Abraham Lincoln lived with his family from 1816 to 1830. During that time, he grew from a 7-year-old boy to a 21-year-old man. His mother, Nancy Hanks Lincoln, and at least 27 other settlers were buried here in the Pioneer Cemetery. His sister Sarah Lincoln Grigsby was buried in the nearby Little Pigeon Baptist Church cemetery, across the street at Lincoln State Park.
The Hendrick Hopper Homestead is a historic building located in Glen Rock, Bergen County, New Jersey, United States, and was built in the early 19th century. It was home to the Hopper Family and is located on the corner of Ackerman Avenue and Hillman Avenue. The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. This house is occupied by a family.
Temple Israel Cemetery is a historic Jewish cemetery on North Avenue in Wakefield, Massachusetts. The cemetery was established by the Temple Israel congregation of Boston in 1859. Unlike the adjacent Lakeside Cemetery, whose landscape is of winding paths, this cemetery is laid out in a rectilinear grid. Stones are somewhat uniform in their content, often listing places of birth and death. Markers placed early in the cemetery's history are predominantly marble, while many of those placed in the 20th century are granite or limestone. The cemetery's most notable burial is that of Rabbi Joshua Liebman.
Woodlawn Cemetery, located in Fairmont, West Virginia, United States, is an example of the rural cemetery. It was laid out by Tell W. Nicolet of the firm of Morris and Knowles of Pittsburgh, PA. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a historic district. Today, the cemetery covers 42 acres (170,000 m2) and has over 15,000 burials.
The Buckner Homestead Historic District, near Stehekin, Washington in Lake Chelan National Recreation Area incorporates a group of structures relating to the theme of early settlement in the Lake Chelan area. Representing a time period of over six decades, from 1889 to the 1950s, the district comprises 15 buildings, landscape structures and ruins, and over 50 acres (200,000 m2) of land planted in orchard and criss-crossed by hand-dug irrigation ditches. The oldest building on the farm is a cabin built in 1889. The Buckner family bought the farm in 1910 and remained there until 1970, when the property was sold to the National Park Service. The Buckner Cabin was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. The rest of the Buckner farm became a historic district in 1989. Today, the National Park Service maintains the Buckner homestead and farm as an interpretive center to give visitors a glimpse at pioneer farm life in the Stehekin Valley.
The Benjamin Aldrich Homestead is a historic homestead east of the terminus of Aldrich Road, slightly east of Piper Hill in Colebrook, New Hampshire. Developed beginning in 1846, it is the oldest surviving farm property in the town. Its farmstead includes the original 1846 house and barns of the period. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003, and the New Hampshire State Register of Historic Places in 2002.
Fairview Cemetery is a historic cemetery in the Hyde Park neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. A small section of the cemetery is located in neighboring Dedham. The cemetery was established by the town of Hyde Park in 1892, and became the responsibility of the city of Boston when it annexed that town in 1912. The cemetery was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 16, 2009. It is the newest of Boston's cemeteries, and has more than 40,000 burials. It is the location where the City of Boston “bury indigent and unclaimed people”.
In the United States, Canada, Australia, and elsewhere, a pioneer cemetery is a cemetery that is the burial place for pioneers. American pioneers founded such cemeteries during territorial expansion of the United States, with founding dates spanning, at least, from the late 18th to early 20th centuries.
B'nai Israel Synagogue and Montefiore Cemetery in Grand Forks, North Dakota, in the United States, consists of a Reform Jewish congregation and its synagogue; and the congregation's related cemetery. Both the synagogue building and the cemetery were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.
Mount Zion Cemetery/Female Union Band Society Cemetery is a historic cemetery located at 27th Street NW and Mill Road NW in the Georgetown neighborhood of Washington, D.C., in the United States. The cemetery is actually two adjoining burial grounds: the Mount Zion Cemetery and Female Union Band Society Cemetery. Together these cemeteries occupy approximately three and a half acres of land. The property fronts Mill Road NW and overlooks Rock Creek Park to the rear. Mount Zion Cemetery, positioned to the East, is approximately 67,300 square feet in area; the Female Union Band Cemetery, situated to the West, contains approximately 66,500 square feet. Mount Zion Cemetery, founded in 1808 as The Old Methodist Burial Ground, was leased property later sold to Mount Zion United Methodist Church. Although the cemetery buried both White and Black persons since its inception, it served an almost exclusively African American population after 1849. In 1842, the Female Union Band Society purchased the western lot to establish a secular burying ground for African Americans. Both cemeteries were abandoned by 1950.
The Hope Lutheran Church, also known as Old Stone Church, is a historic church built in approximately 1898 and located seven miles north of Elgin, North Dakota. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1992. The 2.5-acre (1.0 ha) area of the NRHP listing includes a cemetery as an additional contributing site.
The Blossom Hill and Calvary Cemeteries are a pair of adjacent municipally-owned cemeteries on North State Street in Concord, New Hampshire. Blossom Hill, a 19th-century cemetery designed in the then-fashionable rural cemetery tradition, was always a municipal cemetery; the Calvary Cemetery was established by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Manchester, whose oversight area includes all of New Hampshire. The Calvary Cemetery was taken over by the city in 1995; its earliest marked grave dates to 1857. The cemeteries were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.
The Reuben Lamprey Homestead is a historic house at 416 Winnacunnet Road in Hampton, New Hampshire. Built in the 1770s, the property is the best-preserved colonial-era farm complex in the town. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
The Early Cape houses of Wells, Maine, are a collection of 18th-century Cape style houses in or near the town of Wells, Maine. The town has a concentration of these houses that is unusual in the state of Maine. In the 1970s the town conducted a detailed street survey, in which 19 historically significant 18th-century Cape houses were identified either in or just outside the municipal boundaries. These buildings were subsequently listed on the National Register of Historic Places in December 1979.
The James Smith Homestead is a historic house on 5 Russell Farm Road in Kennebunk, Maine. Built in 1753, it is one of the few surviving mid-18th century inland farmhouses in the town. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982, and is included in the Lower Alewive Historic District.
Weedville is a populated place situated within the city limits of Peoria in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States. It was a small community founded in 1911, in an area which, at the time, was outside the city limits of Peoria. The area is located within the pockets of unincorporated land under the jurisdiction of Maricopa County. All of the census and demographic data for the residents of Weedville are part of the information reported for the city of Peoria, since Weedville is located within the limits of that city.
The Sons of Jacob Cemetery in rural Ramsey County, North Dakota was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2017. It was the cemetery of the Garske Colony, a farming community of Jewish immigrant homesteaders which was founded in 1883 and operated until about 1925.
Bethel Cemetery is a historic cemetery at the end of Bethel Road in rural eastern Ashley County, Arkansas. It is about 1.5 acres (0.61 ha) in size, with about 170 marked burial sites, and an unknown number of unmarked sites. The oldest marked burial is dated 1855, and it continues to receive new burials. It contains funerary markers carved by makers from an unusually wide geographic area, extending from New Orleans to St. Louis.
The Hugh and Matilda Boyle House and Cemetery Historic District, also known as Boyleston Cemetery, is a nationally recognized historic district located west of Lowell, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015. At the time of its nomination it consisted of three resources, which included one contributing building, one contributing site, and one non-contributing building.