Ashutosh Tewari

Last updated

Doctor

Ashutosh Tewari (Ash Tewari)
Tewari.png
Born
Kanpur, India
NationalityAmerican
Alma mater University of Florida
University of California, San Francisco
Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences
GSVM Medical College
Known forPioneering oncological research in the field of genitourinary robotic surgery and development of revolutionary techniques to maximize cancer control and recovery of urinary and sexual function
Scientific career
FieldsRobotic prostatectomy and urologic-oncology outcomes
Institutions Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Mount Sinai Hospital, New York
Website www.prostatecancercenternyc.com

Ashutosh K. Tewari (born in Kanpur, India) is the chairman of urology at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City. [1] He is a board certified American urologist, oncologist, and principal investigator. Before moving to the Icahn School of Medicine in 2013, he was the founding director of both the Center for Prostate Cancer at Weill Cornell Medical College [2] and the LeFrak Center for Robotic Surgery at NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital. [3] Dr. Tewari was the Ronald P. Lynch endowed Chair of Urologic Oncology and the hospital's Director of Robotic Prostatectomy, treating patients with prostate, urinary bladder and other urological cancers. [4] He is the current President of the Society for Urologic Robotic Surgeons (SURS) and the Committee Chair of the Prostate Program. [5] Dr. Tewari is a world leading urological surgeon, and has performed over 10,000 robotically assisted procedures using the da Vinci Surgical System. [6] [7] Academically, he is recognized as a world-renowned expert on urologic oncology with over 250 peer reviewed published papers to his credit; he is on such lists as America's Top Doctors, New York Magazine's Best Doctors, and Who's Who in the World. [8] In 2012, he was given the American Urological Association Gold Cystoscope Award for "outstanding contributions to the field of urologic oncology, most notably the treatment of prostate cancer and the development of novel techniques to improve the outcomes of robotic prostatectomy." [9] [10]

Contents

Robotic prostatectomy

With the introduction of the da Vinci Surgical System, the advent of robotic surgery using a laparoscopic approach has significantly changed the way prostate cancer surgery and prostatectomy procedures in general are performed as compared to the traditional 'open' methodology. [11] [12] Much of Tewari's research projects serve to promote robotic surgery as opposed to open procedures. For example, Tewari has shown that the operating field has become more visible to the surgeon, unobscured by the copious amounts of blood encountered in traditional surgery and is thus able to view the urological structures under three-dimensional, enlarged magnification. [13] Patients reap even greater benefits. [14] [15] Due to the minimally invasive nature of the procedure, they experience minimized pain, minimized blood loss, less scarring and fewer complications. Post-surgery recovery is accelerated and patients experience quicker return to urinary continence and sexual function. [16] [17] Some of Tewari's current research is focused on comparing the benefits of robot-assisted surgery with traditional open prostatic surgery.

Career

On 15 October 2013, Dr. Tewari was named the chairman of urology at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City. [18] Previously he served as Director of the Lefrak Institute of Robotic Surgery, Director of Prostate cancer, as well as the Director of Robotic Prostatectomy and Prostate Cancer-Urologic Oncology Outcomes at the Brady Urology Foundation of Weill Medical College. [19] He is a tenured Professor of Urology at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. [20] [21] In addition, Tewari directs a fellowship program in Robotic Prostatectomy and Prostate Cancer Outcomes that has conducted research comparing robotic surgery outcomes versus those of laparoscopic and open surgeries. [22] Tewari is an Attending physician at the Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City. [23]

Medical degree

Receiving his medical degree from Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Memorial Medical College (GSVM) in Kanpur city of Uttar Pradesh, India, Tewari graduated with honors in 1984 with 17 gold academic medals to credit. [24] He received his training in urology from Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS) in India under the mentorship of Professor Mahendra Bhandari and completed the McH and DNB program in 1991. [25]

Training

Tewari has trained in the U.S. at UCSF, University of Florida and at HFHS under Dr. Mani Menon, where was part of the surgical team that performed the first robotic procedure at VUI. Tewari completed his urology residency at the Vattikuti Urology Institute (VUI) of the Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, Michigan, in 2004. He received his urologic oncology research training at the University of California, San Francisco in 1994, the University of Florida in 1998, and VUI in 2004.[ citation needed ]

Research

Tewari's research interests revolve around the diagnosis and treatment of patients with urological cancers, with a focus on prostate cancer. His research ranges from the study of patient outcomes, robotic techniques, molecular markers for cancer aggressiveness, racial disparity in cancer biology, quality of life studies, strategies to improve nerve sparing and sexual function recovery, and anatomic studies to facilitate continence preservation to the development of next generation robotic techniques. [26] He has received several federal and non-federal research funding grants for his research on prostate cancer, totaling several million dollars in grant capital. He is one of the few urologists in the world to receive an NIH R01 Grant. [27] [28] Additionally, he is among the first surgeons to use real time tissue imaging during surgery to minimize nerve damage in the patient and was the first surgeon in the world to use the catheter-less Prostate Surgery. The catheter-less surgery minimizes postoperative pain after prostatectomy. [29]

Professional activities

Tewari serves as a reviewer for a number of prestigious professional journals including the Journal of Urology, British Journal of Urology, Contemporary Urology, Medscape, Post Graduate Medicine, and Oncology Operational. He is the associate editor for BJU International. Tewari has served as a visiting professor and lecturer at dozens of venues both in the United States and abroad. [30] [31] Recently, Tewari spoke at the Annual International Prostate & Robotics Symposium in the United Arab Emirates and the Ohio State World Symposium of Robotic Surgery. [32] He is also previously been on faculty of the International Robotic Urology Symposium. [33]

Society memberships

In addition to directing serving as Chairman of Urology at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Tewari is a member of several professional societies including: American Association of Physicians of Indian Origin, American Urological Association, NYS Medical Advisory Board, International Society of Quality of Life Research, Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons, Society of Minimally Invasive Therapy, Society of Urologic Oncology (SUO), Indian Association of Urological Surgeons and Michigan Prostate Cancer Consortium.

Philanthropy

Covid-19 Relief in India

Dr. Tewari responded to the COVID-19 crisis in India by rallying together with his team at the Department of Urology, his charitable organization Global Prostate Cancer Research Foundation, and the Mount Sinai Health System leadership, to donate over 450 pallets with over $4 million worth of oxygen concentrators, ventilators, BiPap machines and PPE equipment. The life-supporting devices were shipped to Mumbai and distributed to hospitals across India. [34] [35]

The initiative, called Project Heal India, was supported by actor Anupam Kher along with Baba Kalyani, the chairman and managing director of Bharat Forge, who assisted in coordinating the distribution of the essential supplies in India. [36]

Mount Sinai Robert F. Smith Mobile Prostate Cancer Screening Unit Program

The Mount Sinai Robert F. Smith Mobile Prostate Cancer Screening Unit Program was launched to support prostate health in Black communities through mobile screening appointments and follow-up visits with urologists at Mount Sinai Hospital. The project, funded through a grant by philanthropist Robert F. Smith, is in response to the higher incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in Black men. Expected to launch in 2021, the program, headed by Dr. Tewari, will partner with local communities and raise prostate cancer awareness. [37] [38]

Awards and honors

Dr. Tewari was honored for his contributions during the pandemic in Crain's Notable in Health Care 2021. [39] He also received the prestigious Gold Cystoscope Award in 2012 for his contributions to the field of urologic oncology. [40]

Dr. Tewari is the recipient of the Albert Nelson Marquis Lifetime Achievement Award by Marquis Who's Who [41] and certified as Most Compassionate Doctor by Vitals.com. [42]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Urology</span> Medical specialty

Urology, also known as genitourinary surgery, is the branch of medicine that focuses on surgical and medical diseases of the urinary-tract system and the reproductive organs. Organs under the domain of urology include the kidneys, adrenal glands, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, and the male reproductive organs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Prostatectomy</span> Surgical removal of all or part of the prostate gland

Prostatectomy is the surgical removal of all or part of the prostate gland. This operation is done for benign conditions that cause urinary retention, as well as for prostate cancer and for other cancers of the pelvis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Radical perineal prostatectomy</span>

Radical perineal prostatectomy is a surgical procedure wherein the entire prostate gland is removed through an incision in the area between the anus and the scrotum (perineum).

Alexander Gershman is a Russian American surgeon He is considered one of the first surgeons in the world to apply the method of laparoscopic surgery and robotic-assisted surgery to urological surgery and is considered one of the world’s leading experts on minimally invasive surgery. After many years teaching, researching and conducting clinical studies on laparoscopic surgery throughout the world, Gershman is in private practice in Beverly Hills, California. His client list includes numerous Hollywood celebrities and professional athletes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy</span>

Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) is a form of radical prostatectomy, an operation for prostate cancer. Contrasted with the original open form of the surgery, it does not make a large incision but instead uses fiber optics and miniaturization.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mani Menon</span>

Mani Menon, born 9 July 1948 in Trichur, India, is an American surgeon whose pioneering work has helped to lay the foundation for modern Robotic Cancer Surgery. He is the founding director and the Raj and Padma Vattikuti Distinguished Chair of the Vattikuti Urology Institute at the Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, MI, where he established the first cancer-oriented robotics program in the world. Menon is widely regarded for his role in the development of robotic surgery techniques for the treatment of patients with prostate, kidney, and bladder cancers, as well as for the development of robotic kidney transplantation.
Menon is the recipient of the Gold Cystoscope award, Hugh Hampton Young award, the Keyes Medal, the prestigious B.C. Roy award.

Douglas S. Scherr, M.D. is an American surgeon and specialist in Urologic Oncology. He is currently the Clinical Director of Urologic Oncology at Weill Cornell Medicine. He also holds an appointment at the Rockefeller University as a Visiting Associate Physician. Scherr was the first physician at Cornell to perform a robotic prostatectomy as well as a robotic cystectomy.

Simon J. Hall is an American researcher who is the Associate Professor and Kyung Hyun Kim, M.D. Chair of Urology and Assistant Professor, Department of Gene and Cell Medicine at The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, as well as the Director of the Barbara and Maurice Deane Prostate Health and Research Center at The Mount Sinai Medical Center, both in New York City.

Shahrokh François Shariat is currently professor and chairman of the Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria. He is also adjunct professor of urology at Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY; adjunct professor of urology at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; adjunct professor of urology at the Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, CZ; adjunct professor of urology at I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, RU; honorary professor of urology, University of Jordan, Amman, JO; doctor honoris causa, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, RO; and doctor honoris causa, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary. He has published more than 1500 peer-reviewed research papers, more than 600 non-peer-reviewed papers, and 26 book chapters. Shahrokh Shariat specializes in treating urologic malignancies. He has been voted as the most influential urologist in 2020 and also the most cited prostate cancer researcher in the German speaking area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Michael Palese</span>

Dr. Michael A. Palese, is an American urologist specializing in robotic, laparoscopic and endoscopic surgery, with a special emphasis on robotic surgeries relating to kidney cancer and kidney stone disease.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Roger Kirby</span> British surgeon

Roger Sinclair Kirby FRCS(Urol), FEBU is a British retired prostate surgeon and professor of urology, researcher, writer on men's health and prostate disease, founding editor of the journal Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases and Trends in Urology and Men's Health and a fundraiser for prostate disease charities, best known for his use of the da Vinci surgical robot for laparoscopic prostatectomy in the treatment of prostate cancer. He is a co-founder and president of the charity The Urology Foundation (TUF), vice-president of the charity Prostate Cancer UK, trustee of the King Edward VII's Hospital and as of 2020 is president of the Royal Society of Medicine (RSM), London.

Peter T. Scardino is an American cancer surgeon, researcher, and author expert in genitourinary and urological cancers particularly cancer of the prostate. He is chair of the Department of Surgery at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.

Mahesh Desai is an Indian urologist who treats various kidney and urological diseases in India. He performs renal transplants in Gujarat, India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Michael Stifelman</span> American physician and urologist

Michael D. Stifelman Michael D. Stifelman, M.D., is Chair of Urology at Hackensack University Medical Center, Director of Robotic Surgery at Hackensack Meridian Health, and Professor and Inaugural Chair of Urology at Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Prokar Dasgupta</span>

Prokar Dasgupta is an Indian-born British surgeon and academic who is professor of surgery at the surgical academy at King's Health Partners, London, UK. Since 2002, he has been consultant urologist to Guy's Hospital, and in 2009 became the first professor of robotic surgery and urology at King's, and subsequently the chairman of the King's College-Vattikuti Institute of Robotic Surgery.

Narmada Prasad Gupta is an Indian urologist, medical researcher, writer and the chairman of Academics and Research Division Urology at the Medanta, the Medicity, New Delhi. He is credited with over 10,000 urological surgical procedures and the highest number of urology robotics (URobotic) surgeries in India. He is a former head of the department of urology of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences Delhi and a former president of the Urological Society of India. He received the Dr. B. C. Roy Award, the highest Indian award in the medical category, from the Medical Council of India in 2005. The government of India awarded him the fourth highest civilian honour of the Padma Shri, in 2007, for his contributions to Indian medicine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vipul Patel</span>

Vipul R. Patel, FACS is the founder and Medical Director of the Florida Hospital Global Robotics Institute, founder and Vice President of the Society of Robotic Surgery, and founder and Editor Emeritus of The Journal of Robotic Surgery. He is board certified by the American Urological Association and specializes in robotic surgery for prostate cancer. As of February, 2018 he performed his 11,000th robotic-assisted prostatectomy. The large volume of prostatectomies he has performed has enabled him to amass a large amount of statistical evidence regarding the efficacy of robotic techniques which has been used in developing and refining techniques. Patel credits the use of robotic assisted surgery with helping surgeons achieve better surgical outcomes with the "trifecta" of cancer control, continence and sexual function. In the course of his career Patel has led and participated in studies that have resulted in developing improved outcomes for robotic surgery and urologic treatment.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ben Challacombe</span> British urological surgeon

Benjamin James Challacombe is a British consultant urological surgeon at Guy's & St Thomas' Hospitals, and at King’s College London, who specialises in the treatment of kidney and prostatic disease using robotic surgery. In 2005, he was part of the team that published the results of a randomised controlled trial of human versus telerobotics in the field of urology and renal transplant, one of the first of its kind.

Declan G. Murphy, FRACS, FRCS, is a urologist, director of the unit for genitourinary oncology and robotic surgery at the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre in Melbourne, Australia, professor at the Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology at the University of Melbourne, and associate editor of the British Journal of Urology International. In 2010 he introduced robotic surgery for urology to the public sector health services in Victoria, Australia.

Anthony James Costello, FRACS, FRCSI, is an Australian urologist. He served as head of the department of urology at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia. He established the first robotic prostate cancer surgery programme in Australia and published the first series of men who had laser surgery for benign prostate enlargements.

References

  1. ↑ "Leading Robotic Prostate Cancer Surgeon and Researcher to Head Mount Sinai's Urology Department". mountsinai.org. Retrieved 3 October 2013.
  2. ↑ "Dr. Ash Tewari to Lead New Center for Prostate Cancer at NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center". med.cornell.edu. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 19 January 2013.
  3. ↑ "$3 Million Gift Establishes LeFrak Center for Robotic Surgery". Nyp.org. Retrieved 17 September 2010.
  4. ↑ "Patient Experiences with Prostate Cancer and Robotic Prostatectomy". Theehealth.com. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 12 May 2010.
  5. ↑ "LEADERSHIP 2019-2021". Society for Urologic Robotic Surgeons. Archived from the original on 7 October 2021. Retrieved 7 October 2021.
  6. ↑ Tewari, A; Peabody, J; Sarle, R; Balakrishnan, G; Hemal, A; Shrivastava, A; Menon, M (2002). "Technique of da Vinci robot-assisted anatomic radical prostatectomy". Urology. 60 (4): 569–72. doi:10.1016/S0090-4295(02)01852-6. PMID   12385908.
  7. ↑ "Nerve Sparing Robotic Technique". Prostate-cancer.org. 19 January 2007. Archived from the original on 31 January 2010. Retrieved 12 May 2010.
  8. ↑ "Physician Details". Nyp.org. Archived from the original on 24 January 2016. Retrieved 12 May 2010.
  9. ↑ "Dr. Ashutosh K. Tewari Receives Prestigious Gold Cystoscope Award for Contributions to Field of Urologic Oncology". med.cornell.edu. Archived from the original on 15 November 2012. Retrieved 19 January 2013.
  10. ↑ "AUA ANNOUNCES 2012 ANNUAL AWARD WINNERS". American Urological Association. Archived from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 19 January 2013.
  11. ↑ "Robotic Prostatectomy: Cornell Athermal Robotic Technique". Leechvideo.com. Retrieved 12 May 2010.[ dead link ]
  12. ↑ "Procedure Minimizes Prostate Incontinence". News.usti.net. 14 May 2007. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 12 May 2010.
  13. ↑ "Robotic Prostatectomy – A Review". Medscape.com. 25 October 2004. Retrieved 12 May 2010.
  14. ↑ Menon, M; Kaul, S; Bhandari, A; Shrivastava, A; Tewari, A; Hemal, A (2005). "Potency following robotic radical prostatectomy: a questionnaire based analysis of outcomes after conventional nerve sparing and prostatic fascia sparing techniques". The Journal of Urology. 174 (6): 2291–6, discussion 2296. doi:10.1097/01.ju.0000181825.54480.eb. PMID   16280816.
  15. ↑ Menon, M; Shrivastava, A; Tewari, A; Sarle, R; Hemal, A; Peabody, JO; Vallancien, G (2002). "Laparoscopic and robot assisted radical prostatectomy: establishment of a structured program and preliminary analysis of outcomes". The Journal of Urology. 168 (3): 945–9. doi:10.1016/S0022-5347(05)64548-X. PMID   12187196.
  16. ↑ "Innovative Procedure Minimizes Incontinence". Nyp.org. Retrieved 12 May 2010.
  17. ↑ Smith, Aaron (23 March 2007). "Intuitive Surgical Aided by Advancements in Robotic Techniques". Money.cnn.com. Archived from the original on 19 June 2010. Retrieved 12 May 2010.
  18. ↑ "Leading Robotic Prostate Cancer Surgeon and Researcher to Head Mount Sinai's Urology Department". mountsinai.org. Retrieved 3 October 2013.
  19. ↑ "NYCROBOTICS.COM about Dr. Tewari". Dr. Ash Tewari. Archived from the original on 5 September 2010. Retrieved 17 September 2010.
  20. ↑ Hantman, Melissa (28 July 2005). "Tewari Directs Robotic Prostate Procedures at Weill Cornell". News.cornell.edu. Retrieved 12 May 2010.
  21. ↑ "State-of-the-Art Institute of Robotic Urologic Surgery Established at NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell". Nyp.org. Retrieved 12 May 2010.
  22. ↑ Berryhill Jr, R.; Jhaveri, J.; Yadav, R.; Leung, R.; Rao, S.; El-Hakim, A.; Tewari, A. (2008). "Review of Outcomes Compared with Laparoscopic and Open Approaches". Urology. Medicalnewstoday.com. 72 (1): 15–23. doi:10.1016/j.urology.2007.12.038. PMID   18436288 . Retrieved 12 May 2010.
  23. ↑ "Leading Robotic Prostate Cancer Surgeon and Researcher to Head Mount Sinai's Urology Department". mountsinai.org. Retrieved 3 October 2013.
  24. ↑ "Cornell University Library Profile". Vivo.library.cornell.edu. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 12 May 2010.
  25. ↑ "Cornell Urology Physician Profile". Cornellurology.com. Archived from the original on 22 December 2010. Retrieved 12 May 2010.
  26. ↑ Tewari, A; Peabody, JO; Fischer, M; Sarle, R; Vallancien, G; Delmas, V; Hassan, M; Bansal, A; et al. (2003). "An operative and anatomic study to help in nerve sparing during laparoscopic and robotic radical prostatectomy". European Urology. 43 (5): 444–54. doi:10.1016/S0302-2838(03)00093-9. PMID   12705985.
  27. ↑ "Prostate Cancer Foundation 2006 Award Recipients". Prostatecancerfoundation.org. 2 March 2007. Archived from the original on 12 September 2007. Retrieved 12 May 2010.
  28. ↑ "Prostate Cancer Foundation 2006 Award Recipient Synopses". Prostatecancerfoundation.org. Archived from the original on 29 July 2010. Retrieved 12 May 2010.
  29. ↑ "New Catheter-less Technique May Ease the Pain and Discomfort of Prostate Cancer Recovery". news.med.cornell.edu. Archived from the original on 21 November 2008.
  30. ↑ "British Journal of Urology International Visiting Professorships Programme". Bjui.org. Archived from the original on 25 April 2010. Retrieved 12 May 2010.
  31. ↑ "International Robotic Urology Symposium 2009 Speakers". Henryford.com. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 12 May 2010.
  32. ↑ "CME Symposium on New Techniques in Prostate Health and Robotics Coming to the UAE". Ameinfo.com. Archived from the original on 6 October 2012. Retrieved 12 May 2010.
  33. ↑ IRUS 2009 Archived 2008-08-22 at the Wayback Machine
  34. ↑ "Dr. Ash Tewari Spearheads Mount Sinai's Effort To Send Supplies To India As Country Sees Surge In COVID Cases". CBS New York. 30 April 2021. Archived from the original on 1 May 2021. Retrieved 4 October 2021.
  35. ↑ "For New York Doctor, Helping India Fight COVID-19 Is Personal". U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on 8 May 2021. Retrieved 4 October 2021.
  36. ↑ "Anupam Kher's 'Project Heal India' to conduct relief activities for COVID-19 crisis in India". ANI News. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 4 October 2021.
  37. ↑ "Mount Sinai launches mobile MRI unit with $3.8M gift, bringing prostate cancer care to Black communities". HealthImaging. Archived from the original on 12 February 2021. Retrieved 18 October 2021.
  38. ↑ "Mount Sinai to Launch New Mobile MRI Unit to Support Prostate Health in the Black Community". AppliedRadiology. Archived from the original on 18 February 2021. Retrieved 18 October 2021.
  39. ↑ "Crain's Notable in Health Care - Ashutosh Tewari". Crain's New York. 2021. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
  40. ↑ "Dr. Ashutosh K. Tewari Receives Prestigious Gold Cystoscope Award for Contributions to Field of Urologic Oncology". Weill Cornell Medicine. 2012. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
  41. ↑ "Ashutosh Tewari Presented with the Albert Nelson Marquis Lifetime Achievement Award by Marquis Who's Who". 24x& Press Release. 2018. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
  42. ↑ "Most Compassionate Doctor - Ashutosh Tewari". Vitals.com. 2020. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.