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Human rights in post-invasion Iraq have been the subject of concerns and controversies since the 2003 U.S. invasion. Concerns have been expressed about conduct by insurgents, the U.S.-led coalition forces and the Iraqi government. The U.S. is investigating several allegations of violations of international and internal standards of conduct in isolated incidents by its own forces and contractors. The UK is also conducting investigations of alleged human rights abuses by its forces. War crime tribunals and criminal prosecution of the numerous crimes by insurgents are likely years away. In late February 2009, the U.S. State Department released a report on the human rights situation in Iraq, looking back on the prior year (2008).
The Anfal campaign was a counterinsurgency operation which was carried out by Ba'athist Iraq from February to September 1988 during the Iraqi–Kurdish conflict at the end of the Iran–Iraq War. The campaign targeted rural Kurds because its purpose was to eliminate Kurdish rebel groups and Arabize strategic parts of the Kirkuk Governorate. The Iraqis committed atrocities on the local Kurdish population, mostly civilians.
In Iraq, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) individuals are subject to widespread discrimination. Openly gay men are not permitted to serve in the military and same-sex marriage or civil unions are illegal. LGBT people do not have any legal protections against discrimination and are frequently victims of vigilante justice and honor killings.
Kurdistan Islamic Union, colloquially referred to as Yekgirtû, is an Islamist party in Iraqi Kurdistan.
Gendercide is the systematic killing of members of a specific gender. The term is related to the general concepts of assault and murder against victims due to their gender, with violence against men and women being problems dealt with by human rights efforts. Gendercide shares similarities with the term 'genocide' in inflicting mass murders; however, gendercide targets solely one gender, being men or women. Politico-military frameworks have historically inflicted militant-governed divisions between femicide and androcide; gender-selective policies increase violence on gendered populations due to their socioeconomic significance. Certain cultural and religious sentiments have also contributed to multiple instances of gendercide across the globe.
Kurdistan Region is an autonomous administrative entity within the Republic of Iraq. It comprises four Kurdish-majority divisions of Arab-majority Iraq: the Erbil Governorate, the Sulaymaniyah Governorate, the Duhok Governorate, and Halabja Governorate. The KRI is bordered by Iran to the east, by Turkey to the north, and by Syria to the west. It does not govern all of Iraqi Kurdistan, and lays claim to the disputed territories of northern Iraq; these territories have a predominantly non-Arab population and were subject to the Ba'athist Arabization campaigns throughout the late 20th century. Though the KRI's autonomy was realized in 1992, one year after Iraq's defeat in the Gulf War, these northern territories remain contested between the Kurdistan Regional Government and the Government of Iraq to the present day. In light of the dispute, the KRI's constitution declares the city of Kirkuk as the capital of Iraqi Kurdistan. However, the KRI does not control Kirkuk, and the Kurdistan Region Parliament is based in Erbil. In 2014, when the Syria-based Islamic State began their Northern Iraq offensive and invaded the country, the Iraqi Armed Forces retreated from most of the disputed territories. The KRI's Peshmerga then entered and took control of them for the duration of the War in Iraq (2013–2017). In October 2017, following the defeat of the Islamic State, the Iraqi Armed Forces attacked the Peshmerga and reasserted control over the disputed territories.
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Defend International is a non-governmental organization focused on promoting and protecting human rights in the Middle East and North Africa. DI was founded in 2007 in Norway.
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The status of women in Iraq at the beginning of the 21st century is affected by many factors: wars, sectarian religious debates concerning Islamic law and Iraq's Constitution, cultural traditions, and modern secularism. Hundreds of thousands of Iraqi women are widowed as a result of a series of wars and internal conflicts. Women's rights organizations struggle against harassment and intimidation, while they work to promote improvements to women's status in the law, in education, the workplace, and many other spheres of Iraqi life, and to curtail abusive traditional practices such as honor killings and forced marriages.
Female genital mutilation (FGM), also known as female genital cutting (FGC), female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) and female circumcision, is practiced in 30 countries in western, eastern, and north-eastern Africa, in parts of the Middle East and Asia, and within some immigrant communities in Europe, North America and Australia. The WHO defines the practice as "all procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia, or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons."
Human rights in Iraqi Kurdistan refer to the human rights issue in the autonomous area of Kurdistan Region.
Six Days: Three Activists, Three Wars, One Dream is a documentary film by director Nikolina Gillgren, which follows three human rights activists in Liberia, Iraq and Georgia over six days. It provides insight into the everyday struggle of making women's lives better, worldwide.
Dr Bayan Nouri Tawfeeq Nadir is a Kurdish Iraqi politician who was Minister of Women's Affairs from 18 October 2014 to 16 August 2015. She is a member of the Kurdistan Islamic Union.
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Rasan was a Kurdish non-governmental human rights organization that was established in 2004 in Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Rasan focused on LGBT rights and women's rights. The organization ran projects that focused on coexistence and social cohesion through the use of arts, social awareness, focus groups, livelihood projects, seminars, workshops, training, and action plans. Rasan engaged community leaders from different sectors in community forums on gender identity, equality and coexistence.
Kurdistan has been a thriving country due to the absence of LGBT. As we are Muslim there is no way we have any allegiance to the LGBT. We must kill them and stand on their necks. We must ensure they do not curse our land. Hell for the LGBTQ dogs.
References
- ↑ "Our Members - (NCCI) | NGO Coordination Committee for Iraq". www.ncciraq.org. Retrieved 2016-03-21.
- ↑ Martin Chulov. "The razor and the damage done: female genital mutilation in Kurdish Iraq | World news". The Guardian . Retrieved 2016-03-15.
- ↑ Administrator. "About Asuda". www.asuda.org. Retrieved 2016-04-13.
- ↑ "Untitled Document". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
- ↑ "WISE". Wisemuslimwomen.org. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2016-03-15.
- ↑ "Asuda | Unitarian Universalist Service Committee". Archived from the original on November 18, 2013. Retrieved October 14, 2013.
- ↑ "Asuda". Urgent Action Fund. Retrieved 2016-03-15.
- ↑ "Kurdistan Update : Follow up visit – 20 years after the Uprising" (PDF). Krg.org. June 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-10-04. Retrieved 2016-03-15.
- ↑ "Agreements and contracts". www.norway.jo. Archived from the original on 18 November 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
- ↑ "Country Profiles | Amnesty International". Amnesty.org. Retrieved 2016-03-15.
- ↑ "Iraq: gunmen attack women's shelter | World War 4 Report". Ww4report.com. 13 May 2008. Retrieved 2016-03-15.
- ↑ "Asuda Shelter Comes Under Attack | Kvinna till Kvinna - promotes peace and gender equality". Old.kvinnatillkvinna.se. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2016-03-15.
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20080917033034/http://www.kurdmedia.com/article.aspx?id=14781. Archived from the original on September 17, 2008. Retrieved October 14, 2013.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ↑ "Condemns Gun Attack on Women's Shelter in Kurdistan, Iraq | KHRP | Kurdish Human Rights Project". Khrp.org. 2008-05-11. Retrieved 2016-03-15.
- ↑ "Iraq: Attack against women's rights organisation, Asuda | Front Line". Archived from the original on October 5, 2013. Retrieved October 14, 2013.