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The Athenaeum was a literary magazine established in 1798 by August Wilhelm and Karl Wilhelm Friedrich Schlegel. It is considered to be the founding publication of German Romanticism.[ citation needed ] Only three volumes were published, in 1798, 1799, and 1800. [1]
The following is a partial listing of articles in Athenaeum taken from Lacoue-Labarthe and Nancy's The Literary Absolute.
Volume 1 (1): Notice (Friedrich and August Schlegel), Languages: A Dialogue on Klopstock's Grammatical Dialogues (August Schlegel), Grains of Pollen (Novalis), Elegies translated from the Greek (Friedrich and August Schlegel), Contributions to the Most Recent Criticism of Literature (A.W. Schlegel)
Volume 1 (2): Fragments, On Goethe's Meister Wilhelm (Friedrich Schlegel)
Volume 2 (1): On Philosophy. To Dorothea (Friedrich Schlegel), The Paintings. A Dialogue (A.W. Schlegel with Caroline Schlegel), On the Natural Equality of Man (A.L. Hülsen)
Volume 2 (2): The Art of the Greeks. To Goethe. An Elegy (A. W. Schlegel), On Drawings Based on Poems, and on the Silhouettes of John Flaxmann (A. W. Schlegel), The Eleventh Song of "Orlando Furioso" (A.W. Schlegel), Postscript of the Translator to Ludwig Tieck (A.W. Schlegel), Notes (A. W. Schlegel), Discourses on Religion (Friedrich Schlegel, review), Anthropology by Emmanuel Kant (F.D.E. Schleiermacher, review), Notes (K.G. Brinckmann), The Literary Indicator of the Empire, or Archives of the Epoch and its Taste (August Schlegel)
Volume 3 (1): To Heliodora (Friedrich Schlegel), Ideas (Friedrich Schlegel), Considerations of Nature during a Voyage in Sweden (A.L. Hulsen), Dialogue on Poetry I (Friedrich Schlegel), The Last Writings Published by Garve (F.D.E. Schleiermacher, review), (various reviews by August Schlegel), List of Reviews Published by A. W. Schlegel in the Universal Journal of Literature
Volume 3 (2): To the Germans (Friedrich Schlegel), Dialogue on Poetry II (Friedrich Schlegel), Hymns to the Night (Novalis), Conception of Life (Sophie Bernhardi), Idylls translated from the Greek (August and Friedrich Schlegel), To Ludwig Tieck (August Schlegel, sonnet), Discourses on Religion --- The Soul of the World of Schelling (sonnets), The Athaneum --- Zebrino (Friedrich Schlegel, sonnet), The Moral Stories of Ramdohr (Dorothea Schlegel), (various reviews by August Schlegel, Schleiermacher, Bernhardi), On Incomprehensibility (Fridrich Schlegel)
Johann Ludwig Tieck was a German poet, fiction writer, translator, and critic. He was one of the founding fathers of the Romantic movement in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
German philosophy, meaning philosophy in the German language or philosophy by German people, in its diversity, is fundamental for both the analytic and continental traditions. It covers figures such as Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Immanuel Kant, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Karl Marx, Friedrich Nietzsche, Martin Heidegger, Ludwig Wittgenstein, the Vienna Circle, and the Frankfurt School, who now count among the most famous and studied philosophers of all time. They are central to major philosophical movements such as rationalism, German idealism, Romanticism, dialectical materialism, existentialism, phenomenology, hermeneutics, logical positivism, and critical theory. The Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard is often also included in surveys of German philosophy due to his extensive engagement with German thinkers.
German Romanticism was the dominant intellectual movement of German-speaking countries in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, influencing philosophy, aesthetics, literature, and criticism. Compared to English Romanticism, the German variety developed relatively early, and, in the opening years, coincided with Weimar Classicism (1772–1805). In contrast to the seriousness of English Romanticism, the German variety of Romanticism notably valued wit, humour, and beauty.
August WilhelmSchlegel, usually cited as August Schlegel, was a German Indologist, poet, translator and critic, and with his brother Friedrich Schlegel the leading influence within Jena Romanticism. His translations of Shakespeare turned the English dramatist's works into German classics. Schlegel was also the professor of Sanskrit in Continental Europe and produced a translation of the Bhagavad Gita.
Karl Wilhelm FriedrichSchlegel was a German poet, literary critic, philosopher, philologist, and Indologist. With his older brother, August Wilhelm Schlegel, he was one of the main figures of Jena Romanticism.
Georg Philipp Friedrich Freiherr von Hardenberg, pen name Novalis, was a German aristocrat and polymath, who was a poet, novelist, philosopher and mystic. He is regarded as an influential figure of Jena Romanticism.
Carl Joachim Friedrich Ludwig von Arnim, better known as Achim von Arnim, was a German poet, novelist, and together with Clemens Brentano and Joseph von Eichendorff, a leading figure of German Romanticism.
Wilhelm Heinrich Wackenroder was a German jurist and writer. With Ludwig Tieck and the Schlegel brothers, he co-founded German Romanticism.
August Ferdinand Bernhardi was a German linguist and writer.
Dorothea Friederike von Schlegel was a German novelist and translator.
The pantheism controversy, also known as Spinozismusstreit or Spinozastreit, refers to the 1780s debates in German intellectual life that discussed the merits of Spinoza's "pantheistic" conception of God. What became a wider cultural debate in German society started as a personal disagreement between Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi and Moses Mendelssohn over their understanding of Gotthold Ephraim Lessing's Spinozist beliefs. The difference of opinion became a wider public controversy when, in 1785, Jacobi published his correspondence with Mendelssohn. This started a series of public discussions on the matter.
Christian Friedrich Tieck, often known only as Friedrich Tieck, was a German sculptor and a occasional artist in oils. His work was primarily figurative and includes both public statuary and private commissions for portrait busts.
Roger Cole Paulin is a scholar of German literature and culture. He was the Schröder Professor of German at the University of Cambridge from 1989 until his retirement in 2005.
Pauline Gotter was the second wife of Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling and a friend of Louise Seidler and Sylvie von Cigars.
A Musen-Almanach was a kind of literary annual, popular in Germany from 1770 into the mid-19th century. They were modelled on the Almanach des Muses published in Paris from 1765.
Jena Romanticism is the first phase of Romanticism in German literature represented by the work of a group centred in Jena from about 1798 to 1804. The movement is considered to have contributed to the development of German idealism in late modern philosophy.
Sophie Tieck, later known as Sophie Bernhardi or Sophie von Knorring, was a German Romantic writer and poet. Her role as a writer of the Romantic period was overshadowed by her brother Ludwig and her first husband, August Ferdinand Bernhardi. She was only really appreciated as an important writer when her letters were published in the 1960s.
August Ludwig Hülsen, also known by the pseudonym Hegekern, was a German philosopher, writer and pedagogue of early German Romanticism. His thought played a role in the development of German idealism.
Johann Diederich Gries was a German poet and socialite during the Romantic period. His extensive list of friends and acquaintances included Goethe and Schiller. Viewed through the prism of intervening years, his most enduring contribution is as a translator.
The philosophical ideas and thoughts of Edmund Burke, Thomas Carlyle, Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling, Søren Kierkegaard, Arthur Schopenhauer and Richard Wagner have been frequently described as Romantic.
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