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Manipur is a state in Northeast India, with the city of Imphal as its capital. It is bounded by the Indian states of Nagaland to the north, Mizoram to the south and Assam to the west. It also borders two regions of Myanmar, Sagaing Region to the east and Chin State to the south. The state covers an area of 22,327 square kilometres (8,621 sq mi). Meitei language is the most widely spoken language and is also the official language of the state, spoken natively by the Meiteis and as a lingua franca by the Nagas, Kukis, Zomis and other smaller communities, who speak a variety of Sino-Tibetan languages. Manipur has been at the crossroads of Asian economic and cultural exchange for more than 2,500 years. It connects the Indian subcontinent and Central Asia to Southeast Asia, East Asia, Siberia, regions in the Arctic, Micronesia and Polynesia enabling migration of people, cultures and religions.
Meitei (/mə́i.təi/), officially known as Manipuri, is a Sino-Tibetan language belonging to the Tibeto-Burman linguistic sub branch. It is the official language, the lingua franca and the most widely spoken language of the state of Manipur in northeastern India. It is one of the official languages of the Government of India. It is also spoken in the states of Assam and Tripura in Northeast India as well as in parts of Bangladesh and Burma. It was the court language of the Manipur Kingdom (Meeteileipak) and was used with honour before and during the Durbar (court) sessions before Manipur was merged into the Dominion of the Indian Republic, having its history of existence dating back to 1500-2000 years in accordance to most eminent linguists and scholars, including Padma Vibhushan awardee Indian scholar Suniti Kumar Chatterji. In accordance to the "Manipur State Constitution Act, 1947" of the once independent Manipur Kingdom, it was the court language of the kingdom.
The Kangla Palace, popularly as well as officially known as the Kangla Fort, is an old fortified palace at Imphal in the Manipur state of India. It was situated on both sides of the bank of the Imphal River. But now it remains only on the western side of the bank. Only the ruins remain now. Kangla means "the prominent part of the dry land" in old Meetei. It was the traditional seat of the past Meetei rulers of Manipur.
Hmar are an ethnic Mizo group in northeast India, western Burma and eastern Bangladesh.
The Bishnupriya Manipuri (BPM) is an Indo-Aryan language belonging to the Bengali–Assamese linguistic sub-branch. It is a creole of Bengali language and Meitei language and it still retains its pre-Bengali features. It is spoken in parts of the Indian states of Assam, Tripura and Manipur as well as in the Sylhet Division of Bangladesh. It uses the Bengali script as its writing system. Bishnupriya, being a member of the Eastern Indo-Aryan languages, was evolved from Magadhi Prakrit. So, its origin is associated with Magadha realm. The Government of Tripura categorized Bishnnupriya under the "Tribal Language Cell" of the State Council of Educational Research and Training.
Ratan Thiyam is an Indian playwright and theatre director, and the winner of Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 1987, one of leading figures of the "theatre of roots" movement in Indian theatre, which started in the 1970s. Also known as Thiyam Nemai, Ratan Thiyam is known for writing and staging plays that use ancient Indian theatre traditions and forms in a contemporary context. A former painter, and proficient in direction, design, script and music, Thiyam is often considered one of leading contemporary theatre gurus.
The Imphal River, also known as the Turel Achouba, is a major river in Manipur state, northeastern India which originates in Kangpokpi district to the north of Kangpokpi district headquarters Kangpokpi. It is a tributary of the Manipur River, joining it in Thoubal district. It flows past Loktak Lake and the city of Imphal and joins the Lilong River, some 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) to the south. It flows to Myanmar (Burma), where it is known as the Manipura River. It then reaches the Bay of Bengal, thereby connecting Imphal city to the sea. Imphal River was used by Japanese soldiers in boats to reach Imphal in World War II.
Shree Govindajee Temple is the largest Vaishnava temple in Imphal district of Manipur, India. The temple is located next to the palace of the former rulers of the Manipur Kingdom. The temple is simple in design with two gold plated domes, a paved court and a large, raised mantapa, or congregation hall. The central chamber of the garbhagriha has Govindaji (Krishna) and his consort Radha as the main deities. The other two chambers on the either side of the central altar is dedicated to Krishna and Balarama on one side and Jagannath, Subhadra and Balabhadra on the other side. The temple was originally built in 1846 during the reign of Maharaja Nara Singh and rebuilt by Maharaja Chandrakriti in 1876.
Manipuri Brahmins or Meitei Brahmins are the Brahmins that speak the Meitei (Manipuri) language as their native tongue. They mainly reside in the valley areas of Manipur.
The Manipur Kingdom was an ancient independent kingdom at the India–Burma frontier that was in subsidiary alliance with British India from 1824, and became a princely state in 1891. It bordered Assam Province in the west and British Burma in the east, and in the 20th century covered an area of 22,327 square kilometres and contained 467 villages. The capital of the state was Imphal.
Elangbam Nilakanta Singh (1927-2000) was an Indian poet and critic, considered by many as one of the pioneers of modern Meitei literature. A recipient of the Sahitya Akademi Award in 1987, Nilakanta Singh was honored by the Government of India, in 2000, with the fourth highest Indian civilian award of Padma Shri.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Manipur:
Khuman Pokpa or Khuman Apokpa is the Apokpa of the Khuman clan. He is regarded as the founder of the Khuman dynasty. He is one of the three members of the Mangang Luwang Khuman in Meitei mythology and religion. He represents the time of the sunset and the night.
The Kohima Stone Inscription or the Gambhir Singh's Stone is a Meitei language stone inscription, erected by Meitei King Raja Gambhir Singh of Manipur kingdom in Kohima, the capital of Nagaland. It was erected in 1833 AD as a mark of Manipuri conquest and supremacy over the Naga Hills in 1832 AD. It was inscribed in sanskritised Manipuri language in Bengali script. Manipuri King Raja Gambhir Singh conquered the whole Naga Hills with his military power of Manipur Levy. It was after he had finally defeated the Angami Naga tribes of Kohima that the historic testimonial stone inscription was erected.
Yumjao Leima or Yumjao Lairembi or Yumjao Lairemma is the mother goddess of house, household, royalty, rule and power in Meitei mythology and religion. She is designated as the all time ruling Queen Mother. Legend says she assumes a human form in white clothes and blesses kings. She is one of the divine incarnations of Leimarel Sidabi.
Laikhurembi is a goddess in Meitei mythology and religion of Ancient Kangleipak. She is the goddess of justice, good counsel, divine law, order and secrecy. She is the chief Queen of God Thongaren . She is the daughter of Lairen Humchouba. She is one of the divine incarnations of Leimarel Sidabi. She is one of the most important Umang Lais. Her pantheon is maintained particularly by the Taibungjam clan of Meitei ethnicity.
Pureiromba is a God in Meitei mythology and religion. He is the giver of rain and agricultural prosperity. He is one of the major Umang Lai deities. He is the Ancestor God of the Angom clan of the Meitei ethnicity.
Panam Ningthou is a God in Meitei mythology and religion. He is the protector of crops, especially paddy from hailstorm and thunder. According to legends, He ignited fire for the first time by rubbing flints. He is one of the Umang Lai deities.
Koujeng Leima is a goddess in Meitei mythology and religion. She is a wife of God Koupalu (Koubru). She is of tribal origin, but later worshipped by the Meiteis. She is one of the nine Laibenthous.
References
- ↑ Sanajaoba, N. (1988). Manipur, Past and Present: The Heritage and Ordeals of a Civilization. Manipur, Past and Present. Mittal Publications. p. 384. ISBN 978-81-7099-853-2 . Retrieved 24 July 2022.
- ↑ Parratt, J. (2005). Wounded Land: Politics and Identity in Modern Manipur. Mittal Publications. p. 21. ISBN 978-81-8324-053-6 . Retrieved 24 July 2022.
- ↑ "Pundit Raja Atombapu; Doyen of Journalism in Manipur". ManipurFact. 2 September 2021. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
- ↑ "58th death anniversary of Panditraj Atombapu observed". Imphal Free Press. 24 July 2022. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
- ↑ "Pundit Raja Atombapu; Doyen of Journalism in Manipur". 2 September 2021.
- ↑ "Internet Archive Search: creator:"Sharma, Atombapu"". Internet Archive. 14 January 2022. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
- ↑ "Floral tributes mark Panditraj Atombapu death anniversary in Imphal". Imphal Free Press. 24 July 2022. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
- ↑ Bandopadhay, Sruti (18 July 2008). "Dance: The tool of Sanskritisation process in Manipur » Ausdance". Ausdance. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
- ↑ Kothari, Sunil (9 May 2019). "A dance historian's notes on how the Natyashastra was mastered". The Asian Age. Retrieved 24 July 2022.