Politics of Madagascar takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic, with a pluralist multi-party system. The President of Madagascar is head of state and the Prime Minister of Madagascar is head of government. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the bicameral parliament, which is composed of the Senate and the National Assembly. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.
Communications in Madagascar include newspapers, radio, television, fixed and mobile telephones, and the Internet.
Marc Ravalomanana is a Malagasy politician who served as the sixth President of Madagascar from 2002 to 2009. Born into a farming Merina family in Imerinkasinina, near the capital city of Antananarivo, Ravalomanana first rose to prominence as the founder and CEO of the vast dairy conglomerate TIKO, later launching successful wholesaler MAGRO and several additional companies.
Didier Ignace Ratsiraka was a Malagasy politician and naval officer who was the third President of Madagascar from 1975 to 1993 and the fifth from 1997 to 2002. At the time of his death, he was the longest-serving President of Madagascar.
Norbert Lala Ratsirahonana is a Malagasy politician who served as the sixteenth Prime Minister of Madagascar and acting President of Madagascar from 1996 to 1997.
Ny Hasina Andriamanjato is a Malagasy politician who served in the government of Madagascar as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2009 to 2010.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Madagascar:
Andry Nirina Rajoelina is a Malagasy-French politician and businessman who has served as president of Madagascar since 2023. He previously served as president from 2019 to 2023, and was president of a provisional government from 2009 to 2014 following a political crisis and military-backed coup, having held the office of Mayor of Antananarivo for one year prior. Before entering the political arena, Rajoelina was involved in the private sector, including a printing and advertising company called Injet in 1999 and the Viva radio and television networks in 2007.
The 2009 Malagasy political crisis began on 26 January 2009 with the political opposition movement led by Antananarivo mayor Andry Rajoelina, which sought to oust President Marc Ravalomanana from the presidency. The crisis reached its climax in the 2009 Malagasy coup d'état when Andry Rajoelina was declared the president of the High Transitional Authority of Madagascar on 21 March 2009, five days after Ravalomanana transferred his power to a military council and fled to South Africa.
The Mayor of Antananarivo is the Mayor of the capital and largest city in Madagascar, Antananarivo.
The 2009 Camp Capsat mutiny refers to the mutiny of a part of the Malagasy army which led to the ousting of Madagascar president Marc Ravalomanana on March 17, 2009, and to the nomination of Andry Rajoelina as President of the High Transitional Authority on March 21, 2009. The 2009 Camp Capsat mutiny began near the Malagasy capital of Antananarivo on March 8, 2009.
The High Transitional Authority was a provisional executive body that came to power in Madagascar following the coup that forced Marc Ravalomanana to leave the country on March 17, 2009, as a result of the 2009 Malagasy protests. It was headed by Andry Rajoelina, who appointed members to the body weeks prior to the handing of executive authority from Ravalomanana to the military, which subsequently gave the authority over to the High Transitional Authority.
General elections were held in Madagascar on 20 December 2013, following a first round of presidential elections on 25 October. The presidential elections in December were a runoff between Jean Louis Robinson and Hery Rajaonarimampianina, the top two candidates to emerge from the first round of voting in October. The official results of the second round were announced on 7 January 2014 with Rajaonarimampianina proclaimed the victor with nearly 54% of the vote.
China–Madagascar relations refer to the bilateral relations between China and Madagascar. China and Madagascar established diplomatic relations on November 6, 1972. China has an embassy in Antananarivo and Madagascar has an embassy in Beijing.
Hery Martial Rajaonarimampianina Rakotoarimanana is a Malagasy politician who served as the seventh President of Madagascar from 2014 to 2018, resigning to run for re-election.
Christine Harijaona Razanamahasoa is a Malagasy politician. She served as a Minister of Justice between 2009 and 2013, and as the president of the National Assembly of Madagascar from February till May 2014, becoming the first woman in this position. She was elected again on 16 July 2019.
Guy Célin Rivoniaina Randrianarisoa, often known as Guy Rivo Randrianarisoa, is a Malagasy businessman and politician. In February 2009, he was appointed Mayor of Antananarivo by President Marc Ravalomanana to replace Andry Rajoelina, who was removed from the office after declaring himself the leader of Madagascar. Since 2014, he has served as a member of the National Assembly.
Presidential elections were held in Madagascar on 7 November. As no candidate received a majority of the vote, a second round involving the top two candidates, Andry Rajoelina and Marc Ravalomanana, was held on 19 December. On 27 December Rajoelina was announced as the winner with 56% of the vote.
Christian Louis Ntsay is a Malagasy politician who is serving as the prime minister of Madagascar since 2018. He was appointed by President Hery Rajaonarimampianina following Olivier Mahafaly Solonandrasana’s resignation due to widespread protests throughout the country. Ntsay is considered a technocrat and has worked for the United Nations.
Presidential elections were scheduled to be held in Madagascar on 9 November 2023, with a second round on 20 December if required. On 12 October 2023, it was announced that the election would be postponed by one week to 16 November because of pre-election unrest.
