Austria | Malaysia |
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Bilateral foreign relations exist between Austria and Malaysia. Austria has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur, [1] and Malaysia has an embassy in Vienna. [2]
History of relations between the two countries can be traced back in 1866 during the Austrian Empire period when the Emperor of Franz Joseph approved the opening of an imperial-royal Honorary Consulate in Penang. [3] However, when the Great Britain declared a war against the Austro-Hungarian Empire in August 1914, the Austrian Consulate was closed down and the last Austrian consul in Penang was detained and deported to Australia by the British administration. [3]
Another related history is located on the island of Borneo when the Austrian-German Consul in Hong Kong named Baron von Overbeck received a parcel of territory in the western coast of northern Borneo after being promoted by an American merchant named Joseph William Torrey in Hong Kong. von Overbeck then depart to Brunei to renewed the concession from the Temenggong of Brunei, [4] and a similar treaty from the Sultanate of Sulu on 22 January 1878. [5] To finance his plans for the territory, von Overbeck got financial backing from the Dent brothers (Alfred and Edward). However, after a high effort to promote the territory to the Austrian and German governments, he was unable to get any attention from the two to conquer the territory. Overbeck later withdrew in 1879, leaving it to Alfred Dent to manage the territory.
The Austrian make a first formal diplomatic relations on 6 August 1962. In 1967, Austria established its Honorary Consulate in Kuala Lumpur and between 1973 and 1974, both the Austrian Embassy in Kuala Lumpur and Malaysian Embassy in Vienna were opened. [3] [6]
In 2005, Malaysia and Singapore were the main trade partner for Austria, with Malaysia becoming Austria's most important partner in Southeast Asia. [7] Austria's main investment in Malaysia lies mostly in the energy and natural resources sectors. [7] In 2009, the financial crisis had an impact to the trade relations with a decrease by 30% but later improved after the visit of the Austrian President Heinz Fischer in 2011. [3] Since 1976, several agreements have been signed between the two countries. [8]
Malaysia is an active member of various international organisations, including the Commonwealth of Nations, the United Nations, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, and the Non-Aligned Movement. It has also in recent times been an active proponent of regional co-operation.
The North Borneo dispute, also known as the Sabah dispute, is the territorial dispute between Malaysia and the Philippines over much of the eastern part of the state of Sabah. Sabah was previously known as North Borneo prior to the formation of the Malaysian federation.
The Philippines has claims on territories which include the Spratly Islands, portions of North Borneo, and the Scarborough Shoal.
Bilateral ties between Malaysia and the United States were established upon Malayan independence in 1957. The US was, and still is one of the largest trading partners for Malaysia and is traditionally considered to be Malaysia's oldest and closest ally in military, economic and education sectors. Malaya was the predecessor state to Malaysia, a larger federation formed through the merger of Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak and Singapore in 1963. Immediately before the merger, the latter three territories were previously part of the British Empire. But the US has had consular and commercial presence in Malaya since the 1800s. US merchants, especially Joseph William Torrey together with Thomas Bradley Harris also had commercial interests in north western coast of Borneo in the 19th century as well, where they established the American Trading Company of Borneo.
Germany–Malaysia relations are the foreign relations between Germany and Malaysia. Germany has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur, and Malaysia has an embassy in Berlin.
France–Malaysia relations are the foreign relations between France and Malaysia. France has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur, and Malaysia has an embassy in Paris.
Malaysia–Sweden relations refers to foreign relations between Malaysia and Sweden. Sweden has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur, and Malaysia has an embassy in Stockholm. As of 2009, 90 Swedish companies are present in Malaysia and about 450 Swedish citizens live in Malaysia. The number of Swedish citizens visiting Malaysia in 2011 was 44,138.
Canada and Malaysia have a long history of close and friendly bilateral relations. Canada and was one of the first countries to recognise Malaysia's independence. Canada has a high commission in Kuala Lumpur, and Malaysia has a high commission in Ottawa. Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations.
Japan–Malaysia relations refers to bilateral foreign relations between the two countries Japan and Malaysia. The earliest recorded historical relation between the two nations are the trade relations between the Malacca Sultanate and the Ryūkyū Kingdom in the 15th century. Small numbers of Japanese settlers migrated to various parts of present-day Malaysia throughout the 19th century. This continued well into the 20th century, until relations reached an abrupt nadir with the rise of the Empire of Japan and its subsequent invasion and occupation of British Malaya and Borneo during World War II, during which the local populace endured often brutal Japanese military rule.
The history of Sabah can be traced back to about 23–30,000 years ago when evidence suggests the earliest human settlement in the region existed. The history is interwoven with the history of Brunei and the history of Malaysia, which Sabah was previously part of and is currently part of respectively. The earliest recorded history of Sabah being part of any organised civilisation began in the early 15th century during the thriving era of the Sultanate of Brunei. Prior to this, early inhabitants of the land lived in predominantly tribal societies, although such tribal societies had continued to exist until the 1900s. The eastern part of Sabah was ceded to the Sultan of Sulu by the Sultan of Brunei in 1658 for the former helping a victory over Brunei enemies, but many sources stated it had not been ceded at all. By the late 19th century, both territories previously owned by Sultan of Brunei and Sultan of Sulu was granted to British syndicate and later emerged as British North Borneo under the management of the North Borneo Chartered Company. Sabah became a protectorate of the United Kingdom in 1888 and subsequently became a Crown colony from 1946 until 1963, during which time it was known as Crown Colony of North Borneo. On 16 September 1963, Sabah merged with Malaya, Sarawak and Singapore to form Malaysia.
Greece–Malaysia relations are foreign relations between Greece and Malaysia. The Greek embassy in Jakarta, Indonesia is also accredited to Malaysia, while the Malaysian embassy in Bucharest, Romania, is also accredited to Greece. There is an Honorary Greek Consulate in Kuala Lumpur. Correspondingly, the Malaysian embassy in Bucharest, Romania is at the same time accredited to Greece and there is a Malaysian Honorary Consulate in Athens. The Honorary Consul is Dr. Savvas Tzanis. The former Yang di-Pertuan Agong and current Raja of Perlis, Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin visited Greece in August 2004 to attend the 2004 Athens Olympics.
Cuba–Malaysia relations refers to bilateral foreign relations between Cuba and Malaysia. Diplomatic relations were established on 6 February 1975, Cuba opened its embassy in Kuala Lumpur on 1997, while Malaysia opened its representation in Havana in February 2001. Both are the members of Group of 77, Non-Aligned Movement and United Nations.
Gustav Overbeck from 1867 von Overbeck, in 1873 Baron von Overbeck, in 1877 Maharaja of Sabah and Rajah of Gaya and Sandakan, was a German businessman, adventurer and diplomat.
Malaysia–Nepal relations refer to bilateral foreign relations between Malaysia and Nepal. Malaysia has an embassy in Kathmandu, and Nepal has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur.
Malaysia–Taiwan relations refers to bilateral foreign relations between Malaysia and Republic of China (Taiwan). The economic and the cultural relations are still maintained with Malaysia has a trade centre office in Taipei, and Taiwan has an economic and cultural centre in Kuala Lumpur.