Axel Bertram (26 March 1936 - 16 March 2019) was a German commercial artist, type designer, illustrator, magazine designer and medalist. During his later decades he became, in addition, a knowledgeable and dedicated expert on calligraphy. Confident in his judgements, he also contributed articles to newspapers and magazines, though this was motivated more by a personal drive to share his enthusiasm for his ideas on design than because he aspired to any sort of career as a journalist or commentator.[1]
To paraphrase several of the tributes paid to his memory after he died (which seem to have originated with a press release issued by the Leipzig publishing business, Lehmstedt Verlag), only the specialists knew his name, but virtually every East German citizen was familiar with Bertram's work and, after the East German coinage redesign that started in 1969, carried examples of it in a purse or a pocket when leaving home.[2][3][4][5][6]
Life
Axel Bertram was born on Dresden and grew up in Freital, a small industrial town a short distance to the south of the city. His father was a graphic artist and businessman.[2][7] After successfully completing his schooling he undertook a one-year apprenticeship in technical drawing during 1954/55.[8] That was followed by a move to the capital and a five-year study period at the Academy for Fine and Applied Arts (as it was known at that time) in Berlin-Weißensee.[9] Here his principal tutors were the poster artist Klaus Wittkugel and the graphic artist Werner Klemke. He was also taught by Arno Mohr and Ernst Vogenauer.[10] He received his degree in Graphic Arts in 1960, and for the next twelve years worked in Berlin as a freelancer.[2] He also teamed up with three fellow students to form the "Ateliergemeinschaft Gruppe 4", of which he was always by far the best known member. The co-operatively structured graphic design workshop quickly rose to fame - or in the eyes of certain artistic conservatives notoriety - with projects such as the "graphic redesign" for Berlin's Metropol Theatre. He remained with the "Ateliergemeinschaft2 till 1972.[11]
In 1972 he returned to the Weißensee Academy for Fine and Applied Arts as a "chief assistant" and in 1973 accepted a position as a lecturer.[2][12] He became a party member in 1977. That same year he was promoted to a full professorship in fonts and graphic design at the academy, also serving, between 1977 and 1982, as Head of Department in Commercial Art.[2] 1977 was also the year in which Bertram was awarded the Art Prize of the German Democratic Republic. He now emerged rapidly as a leading member of the East German cultural establishment, and while he was never a committed proseletyser for "Soviet imperial socialism", commentators (including his own son) believe that Bertram and his professional colleagues dared to dream that the obvious "ailments" of socialism as it operated in East Germany might yet prove "curable".[1] During and after the changesthat led in 1990 to German reunification, Bertram returned to his salaried work at the Weißensee Academy, between 1989 and 1992 again serving as Ordinary (i.e. full) Professor in fonts and graphic design.[2]
Between 1961 and 1990 Bertram was, like all successful freelance workers in the sector, a member of the Berlin-based VBK (East German Visual Artists' Association). He was an active participant in the running of the organisation, joining the VBK National Executive in 1970, and serving as vice-president of it during 1988/89.[9] In addition he served, between 1982 and 1990 as head of the Artistic Advisory Board at the East German State Bank (Central Bank of the GDR).[3]
Works
Bertram designed numerous books, newspapers and magazines. One of the better remembered examples was "Sibylle*, East Germany's widely circulated magazine for "fashion and the arts", which Bertram tended to reference in interviews, possibly because the exercise was effectively a long-running joint project with the magazine's fashion editor, Dorothea Melis, to whom he was married between 1957 and 1962.[13] Other magazines he designed or redesigned included the mass-circulation weekly news magazine, "Neue Berliner Illustrierte", the relatively short-lived news magazine "Profil" and "Wochenpost", the country's most successful and, many believe, most influential weekly publication.[14] It was for "Wochenpost" that his radical (famously "computer aided") redesign incorporated, as early as 1970, a layout featuring a small margin column down on side of pages displaying articles.[9][15]
In 1969 East German citizens found a new design for the 20 Pfennig coin in their change, designed by Bertram to replace the widely disparaged 20 Pfennig light-weight "Alu-Chip" (coin).[5][16][17][lower-alpha 1] Minted only in very small quantities, and issued at around the same time, was the "general circulation 5 Mark" coin designed by Bertram.[18] He also teamed up with the pioneering industrial designer Rudi Högner to redesign the East German 1 Mark and 2 Mark coins which were issued respectively in 1973 and 1974, and both remained in circulation till 1990.[16] He also designed numerous commemorative medallions for the government during this period, celebrating anniversaries in respect of historical celebrities including Johannes Gutenberg (1968), Johannes Kepler (1971), Johannes Brahms (1972) and, much later, the polymath-architect Karl Friedrich Schinkel (2006).[9]
Bertram's "Videtur" font, launched in 1986, was designed for use on television screens.
According to at least one source, there was no field of design that exercised a greater fascination for Axel Bertram than typeface design.[1][19] Prompted in part by the very restricted range of typefaces commonly applied by publishing houses in East Germany, he designed bespoke typefaces for "Sibylle* and "Neue Berliner Illustrierte", and also designed typefaces for typewriter machines.[12] During the 1980s he designed "Videtur", a font specially designed for television screens.[20] He also designed the "Rabenau" font. A number of sources pay tribute to Bertram's habit of worrying away at improving his designs: "Rabenau" represented the culmination of approximately thirty years spent intermittently working away at perfecting his typeface designs.[21] The appearance of mainstream desktop publishing during the 1990s afforded opportunities for further elaboration and enhancement.[22]
Alongside his artistic work, Bertram wrote various essays and articles on the history and theory of commercial art. Other topics on which he wrote included the role of design in daily life. There were also numerous biographical summaries concerning individual designers.[9] In 2004, reflecting his decades-long preoccupation with the history of writing, he published a more substantial work under a title that consciously celebratesBach "Das wohltemperierte Alphabet" ("The Well-Tempered Alphabet"),[24] a cultural history of printing and typefaces during the Gutenberg era.[9]
With his wide-ranging commercial artistry and his articulate advocacy of good day-to-day design solutions, Axel Bertram was among the most influential designers of the post-war period.[16] Much of his personal and professional legacy is preserved in Leipzig at the "Deutsches Buch- und Schriftmuseum" (".... Museum of Books and Writing").
Personal
Axel Bertram was married to the fashion writer Dorothea Melis (as she subsequently became known, following her second marriage) between approximately 1957 and 1962.[13] His second marriage, in 1963, was to the photographer identified in sources simply by her married name as Ruth Bertram. The historian Matthias Bertram was the child of his first marriage.[25]
Notes
↑ "Alu-Chip" was East German slang for the light-weight coins used in East Germany (and elsewhere in central Europe) during the 1950s and 1960s, having been designed in the late 1940s, when there was still a world-wide glut of aluminium, following a collapse in demand for fighter planes. An "Alu-Chip" was not a pioneering prototype computer chip.[17]
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References
1 2 3 Nils Kahlefendt (1 March 2013). "Kunst für den Alltag". Book review / Rezension .... Er war der wohl einflussreichste Gebrauchsgrafiker der DDR. Axel Bertram wollte nicht fürs Museum, sondern für den Alltag arbeiten. Mit dem opulenten Band „Grafisches Gestalten in fünf Jahrzehnten“ erfährt das singuläre Schaffen des heute 76-Jährigen die längst fällige Würdigung. Deutschlandfunk, Köln. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
1 2 "Axel Bertram, ein Multitalent wie nur wenige". Er designte das 20-Pfennig-Stück der DDR .... Hinter seinem Produkt verschwinden – das war das Credo des vielseitigen DDR-Gebrauchsgrafikers Axel Bertram. Jetzt ist er gestorben. Verlag Der Tagesspiegel GmbH, Berlin. 17 March 2019. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
↑ Brigitte Werneburg. "Kultivierte Randständigkeit". Ausstellung zur Zeitschrift „Sibylle“ .... In Rüsselsheim hat die Schau „Sibylle – die Fotografen“ eröffnet. Die Zeitschrift war viel mehr als eine alltags-praktische Frauenzeitschrift. taz Verlags u. Vertriebs GmbH., Berlin. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
↑ "Axel Bertram (1936-2019)". Axel Bertram ist nach langer Krankheit am 16. März 2019 in Berlin gestorben. Pirckheimer-Gesellschaft E.V., Berlin. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
↑ Bauhoff, Hannah (28 October 2010). "Axel Bertram (interview)". Design in der DDR. Stiftung Industrie- und Alltagskultur, Berlin. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
↑ Roger Melis (photographer) (1997). "Axel Bertram - Nutzungsrechte". This source, published by Axel Bertram's son, features a "thoughtful" photo-portrait of the father. Dr. Mathias Bertram, Berlin - Publizist und Buchgestalter. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
↑ Erhard Kaiser. "Axel Bertram". Gestalter von Zeitschriften und bibliophilen Liebhaberobjekten. Deutsches Buch- und Schriftmuseum der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek, Leipzig. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
1 2 Ralf Herrmann (6 April 2013). "Axel Bertram". Schriftkontor Ralf Herrmann (Typografie.info), Weimar. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
1 2 "Dorothea Melis". Addicted to Fashion. 22 December 2017. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
↑ "Rabenauâ"¢". My creative land. Monotype GmbH, Berlin. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
↑ "Rabenau: distinct & legible". Rabenau, die gut lesbare Schriftfamilie mit warmer Ausstrahlung. Monotype GmbH, Berlin. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
↑ "Axel Bertram". M. Russem Book Design. 2021. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
↑ Axel Bertram (the book); Martin Z. Schröder in der Süddeutschen Zeitung, 7. 12. 2004 (a brief review-synopsis) (September 2004). Das wohltemperierte Alphabet. Faber + Faber Verlag GmbH, Leipzig (the book) & Schriftkontor Ralf Herrmann (Typografie.info), Weimar (a brief review-synopsis). ISBN978-3936618389. Retrieved 26 November 2021.{{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
↑ Charles de Souza (11 September 2020). "Art for Everyday Life". HubPages. In eastern Germany one could literally encounter Bertram's work at every turn over several decades
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