The BBCH-scale (sunflower) identifies the phenological development stages of the sunflower ( Helianthus annuus ). It is a plant species specific version of the BBCH-scale.
| Phenological growth stages and BBCH-identification keys of sunflower | |
|---|---|
| Code | Description |
| Principal growth stage 0: Germination | |
| 00 | Dry seed (achene) |
| 01 | Beginning of seed imbibition |
| 03 | Seed imbibition complete |
| 05 | Radicle emerged from seed |
| 06 | Radicle elongated, root hairs developing |
| 07 | Hypocotyl with cotyledons emerged from seed |
| 08 | Hypocotyl with cotyledons growing towards soil surface |
| 09 | Emergence: cotyledons emerge through soil surface |
| Principal growth stage 1: Leaf development1 | |
| 10 | Cotyledons completely unfolded |
| 12 | 2 leaves (first pair) unfolded |
| 14 | 4 leaves (second pair) unfolded |
| 15 | 5 leaves unfolded |
| 16 | 6 leaves unfolded |
| 17 | 7 leaves unfolded |
| 18 | 8 leaves unfolded |
| 19 | 9 or more leaves unfolded |
| Principal growth stage 3: Stem elongation | |
| 30 | Beginning of stem elongation |
| 31 | 1 visibly extended internode |
| 32 | 2 visibly extended internodes |
| 33 | 3 visibly extended internodes |
| 3 . | Stages continuous till ... |
| 39 | 9 or more visibly extended internodes |
| Principal growth stage 5: Inflorescence emergence | |
| 51 | Inflorescence just visible between youngest leaves |
| 53 | Inflorescence separating from youngest leaves, bracts distinguishable from foliage leaves |
| 55 | Inflorescence separated from youngest foliage leaf |
| 57 | Inflorescence clearly separated from foliage leaves |
| 59 | Ray florets visible between the bracts; inflorescence still closed |
| Principal growth stage 6: Flowering | |
| 61 | Beginning of flowering: ray florets extended, disc florets visible in outer third of inflorescence |
| 63 | Disc florets in outer third of inflorescence in bloom (stamens and stigmata visible) |
| 65 | Full flowering: disc florets in middle third of inflorescence in bloom (stames and stigmata visible) |
| 67 | Flowering declining: disc florets in inner third of inflorescence in bloom (stames and stigmata visible) |
| 69 | End of flowering: most disc florets have finished flowering, ray florets dry or fallen |
| Principal growth stage 7: Development of fruit | |
| 71 | Seeds on outer edge of the inflorescence are grey and have reached final size |
| 73 | Seeds on outer third of the inflorescence are grey and have reached final size |
| 75 | Seeds on middle third of the inflorescence are grey and have reached final size |
| 79 | Seeds on inner third of the inflorescence are grey and have reached final size |
| Principal growth stage 8: Ripening | |
| 80 | Beginning of ripening: seeds on outer third of anthocarp black and hard. Back of anthocarp still green |
| 81 | Seeds on outer third of anthocarp dark and hard. Back of anthocarp still green |
| 83 | Dark of anthocarp yellowish-green, bracts still green. Seeds about 50% dry matter |
| 85 | Seeds on middle third of anthocarp dark and hard. Back of anthocarp yellow, bracts brown edged. |
| 87 | Physiological ripeness: back of the anthocarp yellow. Bracts marbled brown. Seeds about 75–80% dry matter |
| 89 | Fully ripe: seeds on inner third of anthocarp dark and hard. Back of anthocarp brown. Bracts brown. |
| Principal growth stage 9: | |
| 92 | Over ripe, seeds over 90% dry matter |
| 97 | Plant dead and dry |
| 99 | Harvested product |
1 Stem elongation may occur earlier than stage 19; in this case continue with the principal stage 3
The BBCH-scale is used to identify the phenological development stages of plants. BBCH-scales have been developed for a range of crop species where similar growth stages of each plant are given the same code.
In biology, the BBCH-scale for beans describes the phenological development of bean plants using the BBCH-scale.
In biology, the BBCH-scale for bulb vegetables describes the phenological development of bulb vegetable plants, such as onion, leek, garlic and shallot, using the BBCH-scale.
In biology, the BBCH-scale for canola describes the phenological development of canola plants using the BBCH-scale.
In biology, the BBCH-scale for cotton describes the phenological development of cotton plants Gossypium hirsutum using the BBCH-scale.
In biology, the BBCH-scale for cucurbits describes the phenological development of cucurbits, such as cucumber, melon, pumpkin, marrow, squash, calabash and watermelon, using the BBCH-scale.
In biology, the BBCH-scale for faba beans describes the phenological development of faba beans using the BBCH-scale.
In biology, the BBCH-scale for grapes describes the phenological development of grapes using the BBCH-scale.
In biology, the BBCH-scale for musaceae describes the phenological development of musaceae using the BBCH-scale.
In biology, the BBCH-scale for other brassica vegetables describes the phenological development of vegetables such as brussels sprouts, cauliflower and broccoli using the BBCH-scale.
In biology, the BBCH-scale for peas describes the phenological development of peas using the BBCH-scale.
In biology, the BBCH-scale for peanut describes the phenological development of peanuts using the BBCH-scale.
The BBCH-scale (rice) identifies the phenological development stages of rice Oryza sativa. It is a plant species specific version of the BBCH-scale.
The BBCH-scale for root and stem vegetables identifies the phenological development stages of the root and stem vegetables such as carrot, celeriac, kohlrabi, chicory, radish and swede, using the BBCH-scale.
The BBCH-scale identifies the phenological development stages of solaneous fruit. It is a plant species specific version of the BBCH-scale.
The BBCH-scale (strawberry) identifies the phenological development stages of strawberry. It is a plant species specific version of the BBCH-scale.
The BBCH-scale (weed) identifies the phenological development stages of weed species. It is a plant species specific version of the BBCH-scale.
In biology, the BBCH-scale for leafy vegetables forming heads describes the phenological development of leafy vegetables forming heads, such as cabbage, chinese cabbage, lettuce and endive, using the BBCH-scale.
In biology, the BBCH-scale for leafy vegetables not forming heads describes the phenological development of leafy vegetables not forming heads, such as spinach, loosehead lettuce, and kale, using the BBCH-scale.
Cereal growth staging scales attempt to objectively measure the growth of cereals.