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Babai Irrigation Project (बबई सिचाई आयोजना) is an irrigation project in western Nepal which aim to irrigate 36,000 ha of land by using water of Babai River. The project has been listed as the National Pride Projects of Nepal and is implemented by the Ministry of Energy, Water Resources and Irrigation (Nepal). The project aims to irrigate about 21,000 ha and 15,000 ha in the eastern and western side of the river respectively. [1] The project cost is estimated to be about NPR 17,340,000,000. [2]
(Years in BS refers to Bikram Sambat )
The master plan study of the project was done in 2024 BS which concluded to irrigate 21,000 ha and 15,000 ha in the eastern and western side of the river respectively.
In 2035 BS, the first stage of the feasibility study was done to irrigate 13,240 ha in the eastern branch and detail engineering was done for the same in 2040BS.
When the world bank in 2046 BS disagreed to fund the project, the district level committee started the work on its own by firstly constructing the highway weir cum bridge over the Babai River. This work was completed in 2049 BS.
By 2050 BS 5.5km of the canal was constructed and the traditional canals (Budhi kulo, Majro Kulo, Raj Kulo and Dhadhawar kulo) were fed to irrigate about 4000 ha.
From 2051 BS to 2058 BS, 28 km of the canal was constructed.
The design works of the second stage of the construction were concluded in 2058 BS. As of 2020, this stage is still ongoing. Study of the canal from chainage 28 km to 43 km is being carried out. [3]
Ghaghara, also called Karnali is a perennial trans-boundary river originating on the Tibetan Plateau near Lake Manasarovar. It cuts through the Himalayas in Nepal and joins the Sharda River at Brahmaghat in India. Together they form the Ghaghara River, a major left bank tributary of the Ganges. With a length of 507 kilometres (315 mi) it is the longest river in Nepal. The total length of Ghaghara River up to its confluence with the Ganges at Revelganj in Bihar is 1,080 kilometres (670 mi). It is the largest tributary of the Ganges by volume and the second longest tributary of the Ganges by length after Yamuna.
The Gandaki River, also known as the Narayani and the Gandak, is one of the major rivers in Nepal and a left bank tributary of the Ganges in India. Its total catchment area amounts to 46,300 km2 (17,900 sq mi), most of it in Nepal. In the Nepal Himalayas, it is notable for its deep canyon. The basin also contains three mountains over 8,000 m (26,000 ft), namely Dhaulagiri, Manaslu and Annapurna I. Dhaulagiri is the highest point of the Gandaki basin.
The Sriram Sagar Project, also known as the Pochampadu Project is an Indian flood-flow project on the Godavari. The Project is located in Nizamabad district, 3 km away from National Highway 44. It has been described by The Hindu as a "lifeline for a large part of Telangana".
The Kosi or Koshi is a trans-boundary river which flows through Tibet, Nepal and India. It drains the northern slopes of the Himalayas in Tibet and the southern slopes in Nepal. From a major confluence of tributaries north of the Chatra Gorge onwards, the Kosi River is also known as Saptakoshi for its seven upper tributaries. These include the Tamor River originating from the Kanchenjunga area in the east and Arun River and Sun Kosi from Tibet. The Sun Koshi's tributaries from east to west are Dudh Koshi, Bhote Koshi, Tamakoshi River, Likhu Khola and Indravati. The Saptakoshi crosses into northern Bihar, India where it branches into distributaries before joining the Ganges near Kursela in Katihar district.
The Indira Gandhi Canal is the longest canal of India. It starts from the Harike Barrage at Harike, a few kilometers below the confluence of the Satluj and Beas rivers in the Indian state of Punjab and terminates in irrigation facilities in the Thar Desert in the north west of Rajasthan state. Previously known as the Rajasthan Canal, it was renamed the Indira Gandhi Canal on 2 November 1984 following the assassination of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.
Perunchani Dam is an irrigation dam at Perunchani, in Kalkulam Taluk, Kanyakumari District, in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. It is one of the dams of the Kodayar Irrigation System. As there was water deficiency in the Kodayar Irrigation System, Perunchani Dam was constructed in December 1952 to store flood water of the Paralayar River as an extension. It was built about 1 km (0.62 mi) upstream of the Puthen dam on the Paralayar River. The irrigation system became operational on 2 September 1953. It feeds the left bank irrigation canal system of the Puthen dam, which is the terminal structure of the system.
Interbasin transfer or transbasin diversion are terms used to describe man-made conveyance schemes which move water from one river basin where it is available, to another basin where water is less available or could be utilized better for human development. The purpose of such designed schemes can be to alleviate water shortages in the receiving basin, to generate electricity, or both. Rarely, as in the case of the Glory River which diverted water from the Tigris to Euphrates River in modern Iraq, interbasin transfers have been undertaken for political purposes. While ancient water supply examples exist, the first modern developments were undertaken in the 19th century in Australia, India and the United States; large cities such as Denver and Los Angeles would not exist as we know them today without these diversion transfers. Since the 20th century many more similar projects have followed in other countries, including Israel, Canada and China. Utilized alternatively, the Green Revolution in India and hydropower development in Canada could not have been accomplished without such man-made transfers.
The Sharda River, also called Kali River and Mahakali River, originates at Kalapani in the Himalayas at an elevation of 3,600 m (11,800 ft) in the Pithoragarh district in Uttarakhand, India. It flows along Nepal's western border with India and has a basin area of 14,871 km2 (5,742 sq mi). It joins Ghaghra River, a tributary of the Ganges. It takes the name Kali River from the union of the two streams at Gunji as it flows through the hills. After Brahmadev Mandi near Tanakpur, it enters the Terai plains, where it is called Sharda River.
Bikuli is a small village in the Niglihawa Village Development committee (NVDC), ward number 4 in the Kapilvastu District district of western Nepal. The village was named Bikuli because, there were no water sources (Kulo) for irrigation in that village and hence meaning is without canals. Bikuli was new version of Bekulo.
The Kankai River (Nepali: कन्काई नदी, is a trans-boundary river flowing through Ilam and Jhapa in north to south direction of Nepal. Holy river of millions of Hindu Devotees living throughout Nepal. Passes through the hills of Ilam and plains of Jhapa District. Kotihom river Bank is the centre for Death rituals of millions of Hindus living in Jhapa and Ilam. Kankai Irrigation Project launched by Nepal government irrigates the southern Jhapa like Shivganj, Pachgachi, Mahavara etc.
West Rapti drains Rapti Zone in Mid-Western Region, Nepal, then Awadh and Purvanchal regions of Uttar Pradesh state, India before joining the Ghaghara—a major left bank tributary of the Ganges known as the Karnali inside Nepal.
The Babai River originates in and completely drains Inner Terai Dang Valley of Mid-Western Nepal. Dang is an oval valley between the Mahabharat Range and Siwalik Hills in its eponymous district. Dang was anciently home to indigenous Tharu people and came to be ruled from India by the House of Tulsipur who also counted as one of the Baise Rajya —a confederation of 22 petty kingdoms in the Karnali (Ghagra) region. About 1760 AD all these kingdoms were annexed by the Shah Dynasty during the unification of Nepal, except Tulsipur lands south of the Siwalik Hills were not taken. Since Dang Valley was somewhat higher, cooler, better-drained and therefore less malarial than most of the country's Inner Terai, it was settled to some extent by Shah and Rana courtiers and other Paharis long before DDT was introduced to control the disease-bearing Anopheles mosquito.
Lumbini Province is one of the seven provinces established by the constitution of Nepal. The province is Nepal's fourth most populous province and third largest province by area. Lumbini is bordered Gandaki Province and Karnali Province to the north, Sudurpashchim Province to the west, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar of India to the south. Lumbini is one of the two Nepalese provinces to have an international border only with India. Lumbini's capital, Deukhuri, is near the geographic centre of the province; it's a small town which is currently being developed to meet the prerequisite of provincial capital. The major cities in this province are Butwal and Siddharthanagar in Rupandehi District, Nepalgunj in Banke District, Tansen in Palpa District, and Ghorahi and Tulsipur in Dang District.
Sikta Irrigation Project is one of the National Pride Projects of Nepal. The intake is in the Rapti river in western Nepal. There are two canals with the capacity of 50 m3/s each. The length of canal is 45.25 kilometres in the western section and 53 kilometres in the eastern section. The canals are constituted into 3 phases. As of 2019, 60% of the project has been completed.
Mahakali Treaty or महाकाली सन्धि is an agreement between the Government of Nepal and the Government of India regarding the development of watershed of Mahakali River. The treaty was signed in 1996. The treaty has 12 articles agreements for an integrated development of barrage, dams and hydropower for mutual cooperation of the two countries by managing the water resources. The treaty recognizes the Mahakali River as a boundary river between the two countries.
Bheri Babai Diversion Multipurpose Project (BBDMP) is a multi-basin irrigation cum hydropower project lying in Surkhet District of Karnali Province in Mid-West Nepal. The water is diverted from the Bheri River and discharged to Babai River. The project aims to irrigate 51,000 ha of land in Banke and Bardiya District throughout the year. The elevation difference between the intake and irrigation area provided an opportunity to install 46.8 MW firm electricity. The project has a tunnel 12208 meters long that was constructed using a tunnel boring machine (TBM) for the first time in Nepal. The project is owned by the Ministry of Energy, Water Resources and Irrigation. Construction of the project commenced in 2015 and is expected to complete in 2023. The project is estimated to cost NPR 30,00,000,0000.
Rani Jamara Kulariya Irrigation Project is one of the National Pride Projects of Nepal located in Kailali district. The intake of the project is located in Chisapani in the Karnali River. The project has an incremental history with multiple phases. The first initiation was done in 1953BS by Rani Padam Kumari Shah with a command area of 4,000 ha which was named Rani kulo pranali. The command area was increased by 3700 ha in 1960 BS by Dhundi Raj Sahi that was named Jamara kulo pranali. In 1972BS, 3300 ha was added by Madhu Mahato with name of Kulriya kulo pranali. The project was included National Pride Project in 2066 BS. with an aim to develop canal system to cover a command area of 20,300 ha. along with construction of Agricultural road.
'Sunkoshi Marin Diversion Project' is one of the National Pride Projects being developed by Ministry of Energy, Water Resources and Irrigation (Nepal). The project got status of National Pride Projects in 20 January 2020.
Gandak Hydro Power Station is a hydro-electric plant located in Pratappur, Nawalparasi district of Nepal. The flow from Narayani River is used to generate 15 MW electricity and annual energy is 106.38 GWh. The plant is a part of irrigation facility in the Gandak River constructed as a part of India-Nepal Gandak River Agreement. A barrage in the Narayani river diverts the flow to India and Nepal for irrigation viz. the eastern canal(24.1 m3/s) and western canal(8.5 m3/s). This power station is located on the western canal approximately 18 km downstream of barrage at Surajpura, Nepal.
Upper Naugad Hydropower Station is a run-of-river hydro-electric plant located in Darchula District of Nepal. The flow from Naugad River is used to generate 8 MW electricity. The design flow is and gross head is 163.44.