Balneological peat

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Balneological Peat (also known as medicinal peat or moor mud) is a natural material formed from decomposed plant matter in wetland environments. [1] It has been used for centuries in balneotherapy, particularly in parts of Europe, [2] where peat has traditionally been applied to the skin to help manage chronic and inflammatory conditions. [3] [4] [5]

Peat contains naturally occurring substances called humic and fulvic acids, [6] along with minerals and organic compounds. [7] [8] These components are known to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. [9] [10] [11] Because of these characteristics, peat has been used in dermatology to help soothe irritated skin and support skin recovery. [12]

Historically, peat has been applied in the form of peat baths, wraps, and topical treatments at medical spas and rehabilitation centers. [13]

Some peat-containing products intended for psoriasis care have received third-party recognition for ingredient suitability. For example, Sphagnum Botanicals Psoriasis Shampoo, [14] which contains peat and salicylic acid, has been listed under the National Psoriasis Foundation Seal of Recognition program, which reviews non-prescription products for use by individuals with psoriasis. [15] Inclusion in the program does not represent a clinical endorsement but indicates compliance with established criteria for ingredient safety and labeling. [16]

Limitations

While existing research supports the biological activity of peat and humic substances, authors note that peat composition can vary depending on its origin and processing. [17] Additional controlled clinical studies are needed to better understand optimal formulations and long-term effects in dermatologic use.

References

  1. Lüttig, Gerd (1996). Peatlands Use: Late contributions. Vol. 4. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung (Nägele u. Obermiller). ISBN   978-3-510-65175-7.
  2. Balneology and health tourism. Taylor & Francis. 2016-11-10. doi:10.4324/9781315693774-37 (inactive 5 January 2026). Archived from the original on 2024-04-23.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2026 (link)
  3. Lappalainen, Eino (1996). Global Peat Resources. International Peat Society. ISBN   978-952-90-7487-7.
  4. "Chemical properties of peat in three peatlands with balneological potential in Estonia" (PDF).
  5. "properties of estonian Balneological Peat" (PDF).
  6. Robertson, Robert Allan (1968). Second International Peat Congress, Leningrad, U.S.S.R., 1963: Transactions. H.M. Stationery Office. ISBN   978-0-11-490036-6.
  7. Jinsheng, Gao (2009-04-29). Coal, Oil Shale, Natural Bitumen, Heavy Oil and Peat - Volume II. EOLSS Publications. ISBN   978-1-84826-018-4.
  8. Wollina, Uwe (2009). "Peat: a natural source for dermatocosmetics and dermatotherapeutics". Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery. 2 (1): 17–20. doi: 10.4103/0974-2077.53094 . ISSN   0974-5157. PMC   2840924 . PMID   20300366.
  9. Wollina, Uwe (2009). "Peat: a natural source for dermatocosmetics and dermatotherapeutics". Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery. 2 (1): 17–20. doi: 10.4103/0974-2077.53094 . ISSN   0974-5157. PMC   2840924 . PMID   20300366.
  10. Gandy, Justin J.; Snyman, Jacques R.; van Rensburg, Constance Ej (2011). "Randomized, parallel-group, double-blind, controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of carbohydrate-derived fulvic acid in topical treatment of eczema". Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology. 4: 145–148. doi: 10.2147/CCID.S23110 . ISSN   1178-7015. PMC   3173016 . PMID   21931500.
  11. Chabib, Lutfi; Rustandi, Tedi; Fawwazi, Muhammad Hafizh Abiyyu Fathin; Kumalasari, Eka; Lestari, Desy Ayu; Amalia, Senya Puteri; Normilawati, Normilawati (2025). "Harnessing iChip technology for novel antibiotic discovery from peat soil microbiomes to combat antimicrobial resistance". Frontiers in Microbiology. 16 1530273. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1530273 . ISSN   1664-302X. PMC   11885304 . PMID   40061859.
  12. Ramata-Stunda, A.; Petrina, Z.; Mekss, P.; Kizane, G.; Silamikele, B.; Muiznieks, I.; Nikolajeva, V. (2015-07-01). "Microbiological characterization and sterilization-induced changes in the profile of the hydrophobic organic substances in Latvian balneological peat". International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 12 (7): 2371–2380. Bibcode:2015JEST...12.2371R. doi:10.1007/s13762-014-0638-4. ISSN   1735-2630.
  13. Szajdak, L.; Hładoń, T. (2009). "Chemical properties of peat used in balneology". EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts: 3449. Bibcode:2009EGUGA..11.3449S.
  14. "Natural and Medicated Psoriasis Shampoo with Peat Mud and Salicylic Acid 3%". www.psoriasis.org. Retrieved 2026-01-05.
  15. "Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis Products – Seal of Recognition". www.psoriasis.org. Retrieved 2026-01-05.
  16. "Chemical properties of peat used in balneology" (PDF).
  17. Beer, A. M.; Sagorchev, P.; Lukanov, J. (2005). "[The influence of the initial humidity of balneological peat on its pharmacological features]". Biomedizinische Technik. Biomedical Engineering. 50 (11): 366–370. doi:10.1515/BMT.2005.052. ISSN   0013-5585. PMID   16370150.