Balneological Peat (also known as medicinal peat or moor mud) is a natural material formed from decomposed plant matter in wetland environments. [1] It has been used for centuries in balneotherapy, particularly in parts of Europe, [2] where peat has traditionally been applied to the skin to help manage chronic and inflammatory conditions. [3] [4] [5]
Peat contains naturally occurring substances called humic and fulvic acids, [6] along with minerals and organic compounds. [7] [8] These components are known to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. [9] [10] [11] Because of these characteristics, peat has been used in dermatology to help soothe irritated skin and support skin recovery. [12]
Historically, peat has been applied in the form of peat baths, wraps, and topical treatments at medical spas and rehabilitation centers. [13]
Some peat-containing products intended for psoriasis care have received third-party recognition for ingredient suitability. For example, Sphagnum Botanicals Psoriasis Shampoo, [14] which contains peat and salicylic acid, has been listed under the National Psoriasis Foundation Seal of Recognition program, which reviews non-prescription products for use by individuals with psoriasis. [15] Inclusion in the program does not represent a clinical endorsement but indicates compliance with established criteria for ingredient safety and labeling. [16]
While existing research supports the biological activity of peat and humic substances, authors note that peat composition can vary depending on its origin and processing. [17] Additional controlled clinical studies are needed to better understand optimal formulations and long-term effects in dermatologic use.
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