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James Tilly Matthews was a British merchant of Welsh and Huguenot descent who was committed to the Bethlem Royal Hospital in 1797 after developing politically charged delusions which led him to disrupt sessions of the House of Commons of Great Britain. These delusions were documented in an 1810 book titled Illustrations of Madness, including Matthews' belief that a group of spies were using an "air loom" to secretly torment him from a distance. Modern historians consider Matthews to be the first fully documented case of schizophrenia.
Bethlem Royal Hospital, also known as St. Mary Bethlehem, Bethlehem Hospital and Bedlam, is a psychiatric hospital in Bromley, London. Its famous history has inspired several horror books, films, and TV series, most notably Bedlam, a 1946 film with Boris Karloff.
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James Hadfield or Hatfield attempted to assassinate George III of Great Britain in 1800 but was acquitted of attempted murder by reason of insanity.
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Events from the year 1800 in Great Britain.
George Hadfield was born in Livorno, Italy, of English parents, who were hotel keepers. He studied at the Royal Academy, and worked with James Wyatt for six years before emigrating to the United States. He was the brother of painter, musician, and educator Maria Cosway.
Margaret Nicholson was an Englishwoman who assaulted King George III in 1786. Her futile and somewhat half-hearted attempt on the King's life became famous and was featured in one of Shelley's first works: Posthumous Fragments of Margaret Nicholson, published in 1810.
John Frith was an Englishman who believed himself to be St Paul.
Insanity in English law is a defence to criminal charges based on the idea that the defendant was unable to understand what he was doing, or, that he was unable to understand that what he was doing was wrong.
References
- ↑ Eigen, Joel Peter. "Hadfield, James". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/41013.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ↑ Dickens, Charles. "All the Year Round: A Weekly Journal". 17.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ↑ Poole, Steve (2000). The Politics of Regicide in England, 1760-1850: Troublesome Subjects. Manchester University Press. p. 124. ISBN 0719050359.
- ↑ Andrews, Jonathan (1997). The History of Bethlem. Psychology Press, 1997. p. 390. ISBN 0415017734.