Barbara Ellen Smith

Barbara Ellen Smith
Barbara Ellen Smith
Born	1951 (age 72–73); Ann Arbor, Michigan
Alma mater	Antioch University; Brandeis University;
	Scientific career
Fields	Women's and Gender Studies, Sociology, Appalachian Studies
Institutions	Virginia Tech; University of Memphis;
Thesis	Digging Our Own Graves: Coal Miners and the Struggle Over Black Lung Disease (1981)

Last updated February 20, 2024

Barbara Ellen Smith is an American author, activist, and educator. She is known for her involvement and writing about social justice in Appalachia, particularly the Black Lung Movement and advocacy for coal miners. Smith sustains her career of more than 40 years by continuing to make contributions in the intersecting disciplines of women's and gender studies, sociology, geography, and Appalachian studies as a professor and author.^[1]

Early life and education

Smith was born in 1951 in Ann Arbor, Michigan and was raised in Indianapolis, Indiana to missionary parents from Appalachia.^[2] Smith attended schools where most of her classmates were African American during the peak of the Civil Rights Movement, making her conscious of the issues of race and inequality at a young age as she was the "only white kid in a neighborhood that was pretty much African American". As a result, she attributes her interest in racial justice to the ripple effects of the Civil Rights Movement in her local community.^[2] After graduating from high school in 1969, Smith went on to attend Antioch College in Yellow Springs, Ohio and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science in 1973.^[2] She put her education on hiatus to teach at an elementary school in Anawalt, West Virginia and volunteer with a chapter of the Black Lung Association.^[2] Since both her parents were from Appalachia, she took advantage of this time in West Virginia as an opportunity to reconnect with her Appalachian roots.^[3] When she decided to return to school, she attended Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts for her graduate studies. She completed her Ph.D. in sociology in 1981. Her doctoral dissertation was titled "Digging Our Own Graves: Coal Miners and the Struggle over Black Lung Disease."^[2] This project presented a medical history of black lung disease, demonstrating how it is not just a physical condition but also a result of class relations and the socioeconomic circumstances related to the coal industry at the time.^[4]

Career

Thanks to her research on black lung disease and the working conditions in coal mines, Smith gained an interest in studying occupational health and the issues that women workers face.^[2] In 1981, Smith was granted a National Science Foundation fellowship through which she was able to create a project surrounding women's occupational health and explore topics such as equal pay, representation in the work force, and other issues for working-class women.^[2] This work led her to serve as Director of Research and Education at the Southeast Women's Employment Coalition (SWEC) in Lexington, Kentucky for six years. She later became involved as a board member for the Highlander Research and Education Center, in which she served two different times for a total of about 12 years.^[2] Additionally, she was the Board Chair for two years.

While working on what would become Digging Our Own Graves: Coal Miners & the Struggle Over Black Lung Disease,^[5] Smith traveled to West Virginia to further research the decline of the coal industry in Appalachia, the economic and health crises coal miners face, and what the future looks like in terms of environmental justice in the region.^[2] She edited a book about economic issues in Appalachia titled Communities in Economic Crisis: Appalachia and the South, which was co-edited with John Gaventa and Alex Willingham, (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1990).^[2]^[6] She later edited another book about the conditions women face in the South titled Neither Separate nor Equal: Women, Race, and Class in the South (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1999).^[2]^[7] She has also contributed many articles and book chapters covering issues relating to gender, race, class, and immigration.^[1]^[2]

When Smith moved to Memphis, Tennessee in 1995, her work shifted to focus on immigration and working-class wages.^[2] She also worked to counteract the wage inequities between male and female professors at the University of Memphis by establishing support groups and networks for women at the university.^[8] Smith worked as the Director of the Women's Studies Program as well as the Director of the Center for Research on Women at the University of Memphis.^[2]

Smith transferred to Virginia Tech in 2005, where she served as the Women and Gender Studies Program Director and professor of Sociology.^[1]^[2]^[9] Smith was named professor emerita for her academic accomplishments and teaching experience in 2017.^[1] She currently also serves as a board member of the West Virginia Mine Wars Museum and Chair of the Museum Finance Committee.^[10]

Recent Work

While Barbara Ellen Smith's academic career can be divided into groups regarding Black Lung Movement, women's and gender issues, as well as race, in addition to immigration, her legacy proceeds her. She continues to write and edit, advocating for issues revolving around these topics. Her most recent work includes "Across Races and Nations: Building New Communities in the South". This project is a collaboration between the Center for Research on Women in Memphis, Tennessee, Highlander Research and Education Center in New Market, Tennessee, and the Southern Regional Council in Atlanta, Georgia.^[2]

The project sought to create alliances between Latinos, African Americans, and other Southerners, specifically those in the working class. The main goal was to explore through case studies of those who have been racially and economically exploited in the United States throughout the years.^[11]

Smith's contribution aimed to address these issues through the Southeast Regional Economic Justice Network (REJN). This network brings together many organizations that work with the poor, women as well as youth in the U.S., specifically in the South. REJN has initiated a special project in North Carolina that would address these injustices of those who are African American and Latino in the United States. The goal was to explore how this network could build sustainable relationships in order to challenge racism and thus initiate social change.^[11]

Selected publications

Smith, Barbara Ellen (2020). Digging Our Own Graves: Coal Miners & the Struggle over Black Lung Disease. Photography by Earl Dotter. Chicago, Illinois: Haymarket Books. ISBN 978-1-64259-275-7. OCLC 1140366608.
Fisher, Stephen L.; Smith, Barbara Ellen, eds. (2012). Transforming Places: Lessons from Appalachia. University of Illinois Press. Retrieved 2023-03-30.{{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
Smith, Barbara Ellen, ed. (1999). Neither Separate nor Equal: Women, Race, and Class in the South. Temple University Press. Retrieved 2022-06-18.{{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
Gaventa, John; Smith, Barbara Ellen; Willingham, Alex, eds. (1989). Communities in Economic Crisis: Appalachia and the South. Temple University Press. Retrieved 2022-06-18.{{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
Smith, B. E.; Parra, R.; Williams, S.; Lubell , D. Across races and nations: Building New Communities in the South http://www.intergroupresources.com/rc/Case%20Studies%20of%20Collaboration.pdf. Retrieved 2023-03-31.

Awards and honors

Smith's honors include the ASPECT Outstanding Faculty Award, the Department of Sociology Outstanding Graduate Faculty Award, and the Department of Sociology Undergraduate Teaching Excellence Award.^[1] The Virginia Board of Visitors awarded her with the title of professor emerita in 2017.^[1]

Related Research Articles

Appalachia is a socio-economic region located in the central and southern sections of the Appalachian Mountains of the eastern United States. It stretches from the western Catskill Mountains of New York state into Pennsylvania, continuing on through the Blue Ridge Mountains and Great Smoky Mountains into northern Georgia and Alabama. In 2020, the region was home to an estimated 26.1 million people, of whom roughly 80% were white.

<i>Harlan County, USA</i> 1976 documentary film

Harlan County, USA is a 1976 American documentary film covering the "Brookside Strike", a 1973 effort of 180 coal miners and their wives against the Duke Power Company-owned Eastover Coal Company's Brookside Mine and Prep Plant in Harlan County, southeast Kentucky. It won the Academy Award for Best Documentary at the 49th Academy Awards.

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Feminist sociology is an interdisciplinary exploration of gender and power throughout society. Here, it uses conflict theory and theoretical perspectives to observe gender in its relation to power, both at the level of face-to-face interaction and reflexivity within social structures at large. Focuses include sexual orientation, race, economic status, and nationality.

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Denise Giardina is an American novelist. Her book Storming Heaven was a Discovery Selection of the Book-of-the-Month Club and received the 1987 W. D. Weatherford Award for the best published work about the Appalachian South. The Unquiet Earth received an American Book Award and the Lillian Smith Book Award for fiction. Her 1998 novel Saints and Villains was awarded the Boston Book Review fiction prize and was semifinalist for the International Dublin Literary Award. Giardina is an ordained Episcopal Church deacon, a community activist, and a former candidate for governor of West Virginia.

Florence Reece was an American social activist, poet, and folksong writer. She is best known for the song "Which Side Are You On?" which she originally wrote at the age of twelve while her father was out on strike with other coal miners, according to The Penguin Book of American Folk Song by Alan Lomax.

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References

1 2 3 4 5 6 "Barbara Ellen Smith honored with emerita status". Virginia Tech Daily. Virginia Polytechnic Institute. December 1, 2017. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Cook, Dare; Crabtree, Ashley; Gray, Katie; Troy, Michael; Beaver, Patricia (Winter 2006). "'You Dig Where You Stand': An Interview with Barbara Ellen Smith". Appalachian Journal. 33 (2): 188–208. JSTOR 40934748 . Retrieved March 4, 2021.
↑ June 17 2020. "Appalachia and the Health of the Nation". haymarketbooks.org. Retrieved 2023-03-30.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
↑ Smith, Barbara Ellen (1981). Digging our own graves: coal miners and the struggle over black lung disease (Thesis). ProQuest 303102930.^{[ non-primary source needed ]}
↑
Reviews for Digging Our Own Graves
- Fox, Daniel M. (1989). Berkowitz, Edward D.; Smith, Barbara Ellen (eds.). "Historians as Analysts and Advocates: Disability Policy". Reviews in American History. 17 (1): 120–124. doi:10.2307/2703137. ISSN 0048-7511. JSTOR 2703137.
- Seltzer, Curtis (1988). "Review of Digging Our Own Graves: Coal Miners and the Struggle over Black Lung Disease". Appalachian Journal. 16 (1): 81–87. ISSN 0090-3779. JSTOR 40933403.
- Bindocci, Gay (1989). "Review of Digging Our Own Graves: Coal Miners and the Struggle over Black Lung Disease". Technology and Culture. 30 (3): 700–701. doi:10.2307/3105989. ISSN 0040-165X. JSTOR 3105989.
↑
Reviews for Communities in Economic Crisis: Appalachia and the South
- DeYoung, Alan J. (1990). "Review of Communities in Economic Crisis: Appalachia and the South". Contemporary Sociology. 19 (6): 857–858. doi:10.2307/2073219. ISSN 0094-3061. JSTOR 2073219.
- Maggard, Sally Ward (1993). "Review of Communities in Economic Crisis: Appalachia and the South". Social Forces. 71 (3): 837–838. doi:10.2307/2579912. ISSN 0037-7732. JSTOR 2579912.
- "Review of Communities in Economic Crisis: Appalachia and the South". Labour / Le Travail. 26: 249. 1990. doi:10.2307/25143483. ISSN 0700-3862. JSTOR 25143483.
- Lewis, Ronald L. (1990). "Review of Communities in Economic Crisis: Appalachia and the South. Labor and Social Change Series". The Georgia Historical Quarterly. 74 (4): 763–765. ISSN 0016-8297. JSTOR 40582260.
↑
Reviews for Neither Separate nor Equal
- Eacker, Susan A. (2000). "Review of Neither Separate nor Equal: Women, Race, and Class in the South". Journal of Appalachian Studies. 6 (1/2): 228–230. ISSN 1082-7161. JSTOR 41446469.
- Storrs, Landon (2001). "Review of Neither Separate nor Equal: Women, Race, and Class in the South". The Journal of Southern History. 67 (2): 487–489. doi:10.2307/3069919. ISSN 0022-4642. JSTOR 3069919.
- Greene, Christina (1999). "Review of Neither Separate nor Equal: Women, Race, and Class in the South". The Georgia Historical Quarterly. 83 (4): 786–788. ISSN 0016-8297. JSTOR 40584215.
- Karides, Marina (2000). "Review of Neither Separate nor Equal: Women, Race, and Class in the South". Contemporary Sociology. 29 (6): 824–825. doi:10.2307/2654094. ISSN 0094-3061. JSTOR 2654094.
↑ Banerji, Ruma (2002-11-13). "Male faculty earn thousands more than women at U of M". The Commercial Appeal. pp. , . Retrieved 2022-06-18.
↑ "APRIL 5- Barbara Ellen Smith". The Center for the Study of the American South. Retrieved 2023-03-31.
↑ "Meet Our Team". West Virginia Mine Wars Museum. Retrieved 2023-03-31.
1 2 Smith, Barbara; Parra, Ricardo; Williams, Susan; Lubell, David. "Across Races and Nations: Building New Communities in the South" (PDF). Retrieved 31 March 2023.

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[Barbara_Ellen_Smith_honored_with_emerita_status-1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Barbara Ellen Smith honored with emerita status". Virginia Tech Daily. Virginia Polytechnic Institute. December 1, 2017. Retrieved March 4, 2021.

["You_Dig_Where_You_Stand":_An_Interview_with_Barbara_Ellen_Smith-2] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Cook, Dare; Crabtree, Ashley; Gray, Katie; Troy, Michael; Beaver, Patricia (Winter 2006). "'You Dig Where You Stand': An Interview with Barbara Ellen Smith". Appalachian Journal. 33 (2): 188–208. JSTOR 40934748 . Retrieved March 4, 2021.

[3] June 17 2020. "Appalachia and the Health of the Nation". haymarketbooks.org. Retrieved 2023-03-30.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

[4] Smith, Barbara Ellen (1981). Digging our own graves: coal miners and the struggle over black lung disease (Thesis). ProQuest 303102930.^{[ non-primary source needed ]}

[5] Reviews for Digging Our Own Graves
Fox, Daniel M. (1989). Berkowitz, Edward D.; Smith, Barbara Ellen (eds.). "Historians as Analysts and Advocates: Disability Policy". Reviews in American History. 17 (1): 120–124. doi:10.2307/2703137. ISSN 0048-7511. JSTOR 2703137.
Seltzer, Curtis (1988). "Review of Digging Our Own Graves: Coal Miners and the Struggle over Black Lung Disease". Appalachian Journal. 16 (1): 81–87. ISSN 0090-3779. JSTOR 40933403.
Bindocci, Gay (1989). "Review of Digging Our Own Graves: Coal Miners and the Struggle over Black Lung Disease". Technology and Culture. 30 (3): 700–701. doi:10.2307/3105989. ISSN 0040-165X. JSTOR 3105989.

[mw2w] Fox, Daniel M. (1989). Berkowitz, Edward D.; Smith, Barbara Ellen (eds.). "Historians as Analysts and Advocates: Disability Policy". Reviews in American History. 17 (1): 120–124. doi:10.2307/2703137. ISSN 0048-7511. JSTOR 2703137.

[mw6Q] Seltzer, Curtis (1988). "Review of Digging Our Own Graves: Coal Miners and the Struggle over Black Lung Disease". Appalachian Journal. 16 (1): 81–87. ISSN 0090-3779. JSTOR 40933403.

[mw9g] Bindocci, Gay (1989). "Review of Digging Our Own Graves: Coal Miners and the Struggle over Black Lung Disease". Technology and Culture. 30 (3): 700–701. doi:10.2307/3105989. ISSN 0040-165X. JSTOR 3105989.

[6] Reviews for Communities in Economic Crisis: Appalachia and the South
DeYoung, Alan J. (1990). "Review of Communities in Economic Crisis: Appalachia and the South". Contemporary Sociology. 19 (6): 857–858. doi:10.2307/2073219. ISSN 0094-3061. JSTOR 2073219.
Maggard, Sally Ward (1993). "Review of Communities in Economic Crisis: Appalachia and the South". Social Forces. 71 (3): 837–838. doi:10.2307/2579912. ISSN 0037-7732. JSTOR 2579912.
"Review of Communities in Economic Crisis: Appalachia and the South". Labour / Le Travail. 26: 249. 1990. doi:10.2307/25143483. ISSN 0700-3862. JSTOR 25143483.
Lewis, Ronald L. (1990). "Review of Communities in Economic Crisis: Appalachia and the South. Labor and Social Change Series". The Georgia Historical Quarterly. 74 (4): 763–765. ISSN 0016-8297. JSTOR 40582260.

[mwAQk] DeYoung, Alan J. (1990). "Review of Communities in Economic Crisis: Appalachia and the South". Contemporary Sociology. 19 (6): 857–858. doi:10.2307/2073219. ISSN 0094-3061. JSTOR 2073219.

[mwARg] Maggard, Sally Ward (1993). "Review of Communities in Economic Crisis: Appalachia and the South". Social Forces. 71 (3): 837–838. doi:10.2307/2579912. ISSN 0037-7732. JSTOR 2579912.

[mwASc] "Review of Communities in Economic Crisis: Appalachia and the South". Labour / Le Travail. 26: 249. 1990. doi:10.2307/25143483. ISSN 0700-3862. JSTOR 25143483.

[mwATc] Lewis, Ronald L. (1990). "Review of Communities in Economic Crisis: Appalachia and the South. Labor and Social Change Series". The Georgia Historical Quarterly. 74 (4): 763–765. ISSN 0016-8297. JSTOR 40582260.

[7] Reviews for Neither Separate nor Equal
Eacker, Susan A. (2000). "Review of Neither Separate nor Equal: Women, Race, and Class in the South". Journal of Appalachian Studies. 6 (1/2): 228–230. ISSN 1082-7161. JSTOR 41446469.
Storrs, Landon (2001). "Review of Neither Separate nor Equal: Women, Race, and Class in the South". The Journal of Southern History. 67 (2): 487–489. doi:10.2307/3069919. ISSN 0022-4642. JSTOR 3069919.
Greene, Christina (1999). "Review of Neither Separate nor Equal: Women, Race, and Class in the South". The Georgia Historical Quarterly. 83 (4): 786–788. ISSN 0016-8297. JSTOR 40584215.
Karides, Marina (2000). "Review of Neither Separate nor Equal: Women, Race, and Class in the South". Contemporary Sociology. 29 (6): 824–825. doi:10.2307/2654094. ISSN 0094-3061. JSTOR 2654094.

[mwAUg] Eacker, Susan A. (2000). "Review of Neither Separate nor Equal: Women, Race, and Class in the South". Journal of Appalachian Studies. 6 (1/2): 228–230. ISSN 1082-7161. JSTOR 41446469.

[mwAVU] Storrs, Landon (2001). "Review of Neither Separate nor Equal: Women, Race, and Class in the South". The Journal of Southern History. 67 (2): 487–489. doi:10.2307/3069919. ISSN 0022-4642. JSTOR 3069919.

[mwAWQ] Greene, Christina (1999). "Review of Neither Separate nor Equal: Women, Race, and Class in the South". The Georgia Historical Quarterly. 83 (4): 786–788. ISSN 0016-8297. JSTOR 40584215.

[mwAXE] Karides, Marina (2000). "Review of Neither Separate nor Equal: Women, Race, and Class in the South". Contemporary Sociology. 29 (6): 824–825. doi:10.2307/2654094. ISSN 0094-3061. JSTOR 2654094.

[8] Banerji, Ruma (2002-11-13). "Male faculty earn thousands more than women at U of M". The Commercial Appeal. pp. , . Retrieved 2022-06-18.

[9] "APRIL 5- Barbara Ellen Smith". The Center for the Study of the American South. Retrieved 2023-03-31.

[10] "Meet Our Team". West Virginia Mine Wars Museum. Retrieved 2023-03-31.

[:0-11] 1 2 Smith, Barbara; Parra, Ricardo; Williams, Susan; Lubell, David. "Across Races and Nations: Building New Communities in the South" (PDF). Retrieved 31 March 2023.

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