Virginia Tech

"VA Tech" redirects here. For other uses, see VA Tech (disambiguation).

Virginia Polytechnic Institute
and State University

Former names	Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872–1896) Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896–1944) Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1944–1970)
Motto	Ut Prosim (Latin)
Motto in English	"That I May Serve"
Type	Public land-grant research senior military university
Established	June 20, 1872;152 years ago (1872-06-20)
Accreditation	SACS
Academic affiliations	ORAU SCHEV URA CUWMA Sea-grant Space-grant
Endowment	$1.7 billion (2022) [1]
Budget	$2.06 billion (2023) [2]
President	Timothy D. Sands [3]
Provost	Cyril Clarke [4]
Academic staff	1,395 [5]
Students	36,383 [6] [7]
Undergraduates	29,300 [6]
Postgraduates	7,083 [6]
Location	Blacksburg , Virginia , United States 37°13.5′N80°25.5′W / 37.2250°N 80.4250°W / 37.2250; -80.4250
Campus	Small city, 2,600 acres (11 km2; 4.1 sq mi)
Other campuses	Abingdon Hampton Roads Northern Virginia Richmond Roanoke Riva San Vitale Punta Cana
Newspaper	Collegiate Times
Colors	Chicago maroon and burnt orange [8]
Nickname	Hokies
Sporting affiliations	NCAA Division I FBS – ACC
Mascot	HokieBird
Website	www.vt.edu

Virginia Tech (VT), officially the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (VPI), ^[9] is a public land-grant research university with its main campus in Blacksburg, Virginia, United States. It was founded as the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College in 1872.

The university also has educational facilities in six regions statewide, a research center in Punta Cana, Dominican Republic, and a study-abroad site in Riva San Vitale, Switzerland. Through its Corps of Cadets ROTC program, Virginia Tech is a senior military college. ^[10]

Virginia Tech offers 280 undergraduate and graduate degree programs to its 37,000 students; as of 2016, it was the state's second-largest public university by enrollment. ^[11] It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity". ^[12]

The university's athletic teams are known as the Virginia Tech Hokies and compete in Division I of the NCAA as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference.

History

Virginia Tech's Burruss Hall

VT's 6th president, Paul Brandon Barringer

Virginia Polytechnic Institute logo in the 1899 yearbook

In 1872, with federal funds provided by the Morrill Act of 1862, the Reconstruction-era Virginia General Assembly purchased the facilities of Preston and Olin Institute, a small Methodist school for boys in Southwest Virginia's rural Montgomery County. That same year, 250 acres (100 ha) of the adjoining Solitude Farm including the house and several farm buildings on the estate were acquired for $21,250 from Robert Taylor Preston, a son of Governor of Virginia, James Patton Preston. ^{[13] [14]} The commonwealth incorporated a new institution on the site, a state-supported land-grant military institute named Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College. ^[15]

Virginia Tech's first student, Addison "Add" Caldwell registered on October 1, 1872, after hiking over 25 miles from his home in Craig County, Virginia. A statue, located in the Upper Quad of campus commemorates Add's journey to enroll. ^[16] First-year cadets and their training cadre re-enact Addison Caldwell's journey every year in the Caldwell March. They complete the first half of the 26-mile march in the fall and the second half in the spring. ^[17]

The first five presidents of Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College served in the Confederate States Army or the Confederate government during the Civil War as did many of its early professors including the first Commandant, James H. Lane, a VMI graduate and former Confederate General who taught civil engineering and commerce at the college and is the namesake of Lane Hall, one of the oldest buildings on campus, built in 1888. ^[18] Its third president, Thomas Nelson Conrad, was a notorious Confederate spy who ran a covert intelligence gathering operation from a home in the heart of Washington, D.C. Its sixth president, Paul Brandon Barringer, was a son of Confederate General Rufus Barringer and a nephew of Confederate Generals Stonewall Jackson and Daniel Harvey Hill.

In a nod to this southern heritage the Confederate Battle Flag was traditionally waved by cheerleaders at Virginia Tech football games and the Highty-Tighties played Dixie as a fight song when the Hokies scored a touchdown. A large Confederate flag also hung inside Cassell Coliseum where Virginia Tech basketball games are played. ^[19] Since 1963, "Skipper", a replica of a Civil War cannon has been fired at football games by members of the Corps of Cadets when the team scores. ^[20] The Confederate Flag was also prominently featured on all Virginia Tech class rings. ^[21] The display of the Confederate flag at athletic events ended in the late 1960s after Marguerite Harper, a black woman attending Virginia Tech on a Rockefeller Scholarship for culturally disadvantaged students, was elected to the student senate during her sophomore year and made a successful resolution to end the practice. Following the resolution there was a large demonstration in opposition to the removal of the Confederate flag. The campus was covered in Confederate flags and Dixie was blasting from dormitory windows. Harper and her white roommate received hate mail and threatening phone calls, but the resolution stood, and the display of the rebel flag ended in 1969. ^[22] The Confederate flag on Virginia Tech class rings became optional in 1972 and could be left off of the ring at the student's request. ^[23] The Confederate flag has since been removed from class ring designs entirely.

Under the leadership of seventh president Joseph Dupuy Eggleston, who held the position from 1913 to 1919, the university established a Reserve Officer Training Corps to support national efforts during World War I.

Early on the morning of March 13, 1917, physics professor Charles E. Vawter, Jr. (son of Charles E. Vawter, who had served on the VPI board of visitors from 1886 to 1900), shot Stockton Heth, Jr., a scion of one of Montgomery County's wealthiest families, in his campus home on faculty row. Heth, who lived at Whitethorne, an antebellum mansion on a 1,500-acre estate near Blacksburg, later died of his wounds in a Roanoke hospital. Due to the Heth family's wealth and political connections, Vawter's position as head of the VPI physics department, and the scandalous extramarital affair that led to the shooting, the resulting murder trial was one of the most sensational in Virginia history (Vawter was acquitted, and left the school). ^[24] Eggleston attempted to suppress news of the affair in the media with considerable success, most likely due to the Russian Revolution and the US declaration of war on Germany that stole the headlines in the spring of 1917, rather than his efforts to protect VPI's reputation.

College reorganizations

During Thomas Nelson Conrad's tenure as president, the college switched from semesters to the quarter system, which remained in place until the late 1980s. Under the 1891–1907 presidency of John McLaren McBryde, the school organized its academic programs into a traditional four-year college and a graduate department was founded. The evolution of the school's programs led to a name change in 1896 to Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute. The "Agricultural and Mechanical College" portion of the name was popularly omitted almost immediately; in 1944, the name was officially changed to Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI). ^[25]

VPI admitted its first female students in 1921 as civilian day students; they did not live on campus. In 1923, VPI changed a policy of compulsory participation in the Corps of Cadets from four years to two years. In 1931, VPI began teaching classes at the Norfolk Division of the College of William and Mary (now Old Dominion University). ^[26] This program eventually developed into a two-year engineering program that allowed students to transfer to VPI for their final two years of degree work.

A Jaguar Mark VII (left) and several Chevrolet Deluxe cars parked in front of Patton Hall, c. 1952

Torgersen Hall bridge over Alumni Mall is an example of architecture using Hokie Stone.

West Eggleston (left) and Owens Halls

The first women's dormitory at VPI, Hillcrest Hall, was built in 1940. In 1943, VPI merged with Radford State Teachers College in nearby Radford, which became VPI's women's division; the merger was dissolved in 1964. Today, Radford University is a co-educational research university that enrolls nearly 10,000 students and offers more than 150 undergraduate and graduate programs. ^[27]

Post–World War II

Corps of Cadets on campus c. 1952

Donaldson-Brown Center

One of the War Memorial Chapel pylons, "Sacrifice", on a snowy day

In 1953, under the leadership of President Walter Stephenson Newman, VPI became the first historically white, four-year public institution among the 11 states in the former Confederacy to admit a black undergraduate. Three more black students were admitted in 1954. At the time Virginia still enforced Jim Crow laws and largely practiced racial segregation in public and private education, churches, neighborhoods, restaurants, and movie theaters and these first black students at VPI were not allowed to live in residence halls or eat in the dining halls on campus. Instead, they boarded with African American families in Blacksburg. In 1958, Charlie L. Yates made history as the first African American to graduate from VPI. Yates earned a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering, with honors, and was hailed as the first African American "to be graduated from any major Southern engineering institute," according to news reports at the time. ^[28]

VPI President T. Marshall Hahn, whose tenure ran from 1962 to 1974, ^[29] was responsible for many of the programs and policies that transformed VPI from a small, historically white, predominately male, military institute with a primary focus on undergraduate teaching into a major co-educational research university. The student body that had been approximately 5,682 in 1962 increased by roughly 1,000 students each year, new dormitories and academic buildings were constructed, faculty members were added – in 1966, for instance, more than 100 new professors joined the faculty – and research budgets were increased. ^[29] During Hahn's tenure, not only did the university graduate its first Rhodes Scholar, W.W. Lewis, Class of 1963, ^[30] the requirement for male students to participate in the Corps of Cadets for two years was dropped in 1964. Beginning in the fall 1973, women could participate in the Corps, making Virginia Tech among the nation's first senior military colleges to integrate women. ^[31]

In 1970, the state legislature allowed VPI university status and gave it the present legal name, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. In the early 1990s, university administration authorized the official use of Virginia Tech as equivalent to the full legal name; it has been used as the first-reference name for the school's athletic teams since the 1970s. However, diplomas and transcripts still spell out the formal name. Similarly, the abbreviation "VT" is far more common today than either VPI or VPI&SU.

Vietnam War era

During the Vietnam War, students on college campuses across the nation protested the draft and U.S. involvement in the conflict. Despite its long history as a military school, Virginia Tech was no exception. Most protests at Virginia Tech were small sit-ins and teach-ins, but In mid-April 1970 a group of anti-war protesters including students and faculty members disrupted a Corps of Cadets drill on campus. The Virginia Tech administration under Hahn took swift action. The students involved were suspended and the faculty members involved were fired from the university and the administration went to court and obtained an injunction to prevent them from repeating the act. This succeeded in calming tensions on campus, but only for a few weeks. ^[32]

Tensions on campus reached the boiling point several days following the Kent State Shootings when on May 12, 1970, a large mob including students and a number of non-student anti-war protesters enraged by the Kent State incident and angered by the administration's disciplinary actions in response to a number of recent infractions by protesters including; vandalism of university property, a series of potentially dangerous fires set on campus, breaking and entering into a university building, and a sit-in in Cowgill Hill, seized Williams Hall and barricaded themselves inside. ^[33] The administration responded quickly calling in law enforcement and early the following morning Virginia State Police forced their way into Williams Hall and began rounding up the protesters. Once inside the building the police discovered bomb making materials and determined that the students had apparently intended to build a firebomb. The first few protesters were dragged out of the building; the rest left peacefully and were arrested and taken to the Montgomery County jail. The students involved in the seizure, were suspended from Virginia Tech and given twenty-four hours to remove their belongings from campus after being released from jail.

Several more anti-war protests occurred at Virginia Tech during the early 1970s, but none turned violent. ^[32]

Late 20th century

The university continued to expand through the last quarter of the 20th century. In 1975 William E. Lavery, who had joined the Virginia Tech faculty in 1966, took over as president when Hahn left the university to join Georgia-Pacific. ^[34]

Desperate for additional farmland for the support of teaching, research, and extension programs in the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech acquired Kentland Farm on December 31, 1986. Virginia Tech secretly traded about 250 acres of research orchards adjacent to a commercial area that would soon become Christiansburg's main shopping district to a group of developers for the historic but long fallow 1,785-acre Kentland property. The developers on the other end of the swap, one of whom was a former Tech athletics official, quickly sold 40 acres of the former university farmland for $2.7 million. News of the land swap, and especially the fact that it was done behind closed doors, with no input from College of Agriculture faculty sparked outrage. ^[35]

Also in 1986, Virginia Tech became embroiled in an athletic scandal sparked by allegations of illegal recruiting, the bitter departure of two athletic directors in less than a year and millions of dollars of debt run up by the university's sports program due to mismanagement of financial resources, million dollar coaching contracts, and lavish expense accounts for athletics officials that led to a rebuke from Governor of Virginia, Gerald Baliles in 1987. Baliles, the featured speaker at the Virginia Tech's 115th annual commencement exercises, scolded the Virginia Tech Board of Visitors for the scandal and warned other state-supported institutions in Virginia not to put athletics ahead of academics. ^[36]

Lavery developed a reorganization plan for the troubled Athletic Department, and Frank Beamer was hired to replace Bill Dooley as head football coach, but with negative publicity continuing to swirl within and around the university, he announced his resignation on October 16, 1987, effective December 31, 1987, to prevent polarization of the campus. ^[37] He was succeeded as president by James Douglas McComas who served until 1994.

Due to the unpopularity of US involvement in the Vietnam War enrollment in the Virginia Tech Corps of Cadets spiraled downward through the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. In 1991 through the efforts of Henry Dekker (Class of 1944) The Corps of Cadets Alumni Inc. was created to save the corps, whose numbers had declined to only a few hundred students. In 1992 the alumni organization-initiated Corps Review, a newsletter that was expanded to a magazine in 2004 and targeted corps alumni. In the mid-1990s, the corps alumni organization set a goal of "1000 in 2000" and initiated a major campaign to push the number of cadets to 1,000 by the turn of the century. The goal was not reached, but membership in the corps did increase substantially by the end of the decade. ^[38]

21st century

The early decades of this century have seen expansion across the university's institutions in both physical and population sizes. In 2001, Virginia Tech acquired 326 acres of the Heth Farm adjacent to campus, increasing the College Farm to over 3,000 acres. ^[39] The Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine and Research Institute was created with a strategic partnership with the Carilion Clinic and the governor of Virginia. These years also brought about the rapid development of the university's professional schools of graduate education and business programs. Virginia Tech brought in over $500 million in research expenditures in 2014. ^[40]

The establishment of scholarships for cadets and a resurgence of national patriotism after the September 11 attacks helped the corps recruit new cadets, increasing the ranks to 1,127 by 2018—the largest corps the university has seen since the mid-1960s. ^{[38] [41]} The Virginia Tech Corps of Cadets is poised to increase enrollment to 1,400 in coming years. ^[42]

2007 mass shooting

Main article: Virginia Tech shooting

On April 16, 2007, Virginia Tech student Seung-Hui Cho fatally shot 32 faculty members and students and wounded 17 others in two locations on campus before killing himself. The massacre is the deadliest mass shooting on an American college campus, surpassing the University of Texas tower shooting in 1966. Although it was at the time the deadliest mass shooting committed by a lone gunman in U.S. history, it has since been surpassed by two shootings at an Orlando nightclub and an outdoor music festival in Las Vegas. ^{[43] [44] [45]} It is the second-deadliest school massacre in U.S. history, surpassed only by the Bath School bombing in 1927 that killed 44. ^[46]

The Virginia Tech massacre led to an intense nationwide debate over gun rights, gun safety and efficacy of gun-free zones. It prompted many states to introduce legislation to prohibit public colleges and universities from banning concealed weapons on campus for permit holders. In 2013, at least 19 states introduced legislation to allow concealed carry on campus in some form, and in the 2014 legislative session, at least 14 states introduced similar legislation. In December 8, 2011, a campus police officer Deriek Crouse was fatally shot by Radford University student Ross Truett Ashley, 22, before he took his own life. ^{[47] [48] [49]} In 2016, Tennessee passed a bill permitting faculty members to carry handguns on campus after notifying local law enforcement. In 2015, Texas became the eighth state to allow concealed weapons on college campuses. In December 2016, Governor John Kasich signed a bill into law that lifted Ohio's statewide ban on firearms on college campuses, leaving the decision to the institutions. ^[50] In 2017, Georgia became the tenth state to prohibit colleges and universities from banning concealed weapons on campus. ^[51] Virginia law allows individual institutions to make the decision whether to allow concealed weapons on campus, but Virginia Tech continues to ban concealed carry permit holders from carrying guns on campus. ^[52]

Patton Hall

Innovation Campus and further growth

After Amazon unveiled its second headquarters in Crystal City, Virginia, Virginia Tech announced plans to build a $1 billion graduate research center adjacent to the facility. The Virginia Tech Innovation Campus will be housed at a million-square-foot campus in Alexandria. It is expected to educate hundreds of graduate students. The Innovation Campus will focus on computer science and software engineering, with specializations in areas including artificial intelligence, cybersecurity and data analytics. ^[53]

Due to rapid growth of incoming freshmen classes, the university announced in 2019 that it would offer 1,559 incoming, in-state freshmen financial incentives to skip the 2019–20 school year in Blacksburg. ^[54] Expecting a larger-than-planned class size, the university budgeted $3.3 million for the endeavor. Virginia Tech also waived the requirement that freshmen live on campus for the 2019–20 school year, leased an off-campus Holiday Inn, and converted its on-campus hotel to house students.

Organization and administration

Virginia Tech is a public university and one of Virginia's two land-grant institutions. Its academic programs are administered by nine colleges, the Graduate School, and the Honors College.

College/School founding ^[55]

College/School	Year founded
Graduate School	1891
College of Engineering	1903
College of Agriculture and Life Sciences	1903
College of Architecture, Art, and Design	1964
College of Liberal Arts and Human Sciences	1964
College of Science	1964
Pamplin College of Business	1965
College of Veterinary Medicine	1978
College of Natural Resources and Environment	1992
Carilion School of Medicine and Research Institute	2007
Honors College	2016

Academics

Virginia Tech offers 116 bachelor's degree programs through its nine undergraduate academic colleges, ^[56] 160 master's and doctoral degree programs through the Graduate School, and a professional degree from the Virginia–Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine. In addition, the Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine and Research Institute is a public-private partnership jointly managed by Virginia Tech and the Carilion Clinic founded on January 3, 2007. ^[57]

Admissions

Class of 2022 freshman ^[58]

Number of freshman applicants	32,103
Admit Rate	73%
Participated in Early Decision Plan	18%
Average GPA of admitted students	4.15
Average SAT scores of admitted students	1310
Middle 50% ACT scores of admitted students	24 to 28 [59]

Virginia Tech received a record number of nearly 22,500 applications for the fall 2015 freshman class, an increase of 7.6% from the previous year's 20,897 applications for an overall admissions rate of 65.8%. The typical student offered admission had a high-school grade point average of 4.00, with the middle 50 percent ranging from 3.84 and 4.27. The average cumulative SAT score was 1250 (out of 1600), with a middle range ranging from 1160 to 1340. Of the 5,518 students who accepted the offers of admission (for an admissions yield of 38%)^{[ discuss ]}, 18 percent accepted under the Early Decision Plan. ^[60] The Office of Undergraduate Admissions is located within the Visitor and Undergraduate Admissions Center. ^[61]

Virginia Tech offers a highly selective Honors College, which provides undergraduate students 11 different ways to earn Honors credits towards one of the five Honors degree options. Once admitted, Honors students are required to maintain a 3.6 GPA in order to remain in the program. Roughly one-fourth of the approximately 1,600 University Honors students live in one of the two University Honors residential halls, the Honors Residential College located in East Ambler-Johnston and the Hillcrest Honors Community. ^[62]

For the 2013–14 academic year, the Graduate School at Virginia Tech enrolled 6,723 graduate students (4,465 full-time; 2,258 part-time) in its masters and doctoral programs. ^[63]

The Pamplin College of Business received 381 applications for its incoming Evening MBA program and offered admission to 142. The class's average GMAT was 610, and mean undergraduate GPA was 3.4. ^[64]

The Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine in Roanoke, Va., received 4,403 applications for its eighth incoming class, the class of 2021, and offered admission to 42. The class's MCAT scores range was 503–520 (median 512, mean 512), and mean undergraduate GPA was 3.57. ^[65]

In 2023, Virginia Tech became the second public university after the U.S. Supreme Court decided Students for Fair Admissions v. Harvard , banning affirmative action in college admissions, to end its use of legacy admissions. ^[66] The university also ended its binding early decision program because it "created unneeded pressure on students [...] particularly those needing financial aid". ^[66]

Rankings

Academic rankings
National
Forbes [67]	82
U.S. News & World Report [68]	47
Washington Monthly [69]	28
WSJ/College Pulse [70]	19
Global
QS [71]	302
THE [72]	201–250
U.S. News & World Report [73]	250

USNWR professional/grad rankings ^[74]

Biological Sciences	73
Chemistry	67
Clinical Psychology	56
Computer Science	38
Earth Sciences	28
Economics	59
Education	105
Engineering	29
English	91
Mathematics	62
Medicine: Primary Care	94–122
Medicine: Research	81
Physics	61
Psychology	81
Public Affairs	45
Public Health	89
Sociology	47
Statistics	61
Veterinary Medicine	17

USNWR Engineering grad rankings ^[74]

Civil	9
Environmental/ Environmental Health	7
Industrial/Manufacturing/Systems	6

USNWR global ranking ^[75]

Agricultural Sciences	136
Arts & Humanities	247
Biology & Biochemistry	256
Chemistry	269
Civil Engineering	79
Clinical Medicine	593
Computer Science	58
Economics & Business	198
Electrical & Electronic Engineering	48
Engineering	69
Environment/Ecology	161
Geosciences	158
Materials Science	263
Mathematics	241
Mechanical Engineering	70
Microbiology	130
Molecular Biology & Genetics	378
Physics	389
Plant & Animal Science	87
Social Sciences & Public Health	156
Space Science	225

In U.S. News & World Report 's list of "2024 Best Colleges", Virginia Tech tied for 47th overall among national universities, tied for 20th among public ones, tied at 25th for "Most Innovative", ranked 156th in "Best Value Schools", and tied for 207th in "Top Performers on Social Mobility". ^[76]

The Pamplin College of Business's part-time MBA program was tied for 19th overall by U.S. News & World Report in 2020. ^[74] The Master of Information Technology program, jointly sponsored by the Pamplin College of Business and the College of Engineering, is ranked No. 4 in U.S. News & World Report's Best Online Graduate Computer Information Technology Programs. ^[77] This interdisciplinary program is offered entirely online. ^[77]

Programs in the College of Architecture and Urban Studies (CAUS) include architecture + design, landscape architecture, urban planning, and public administration. In its 2016 "America's Best Architecture & Design Schools" report, DesignIntelligence ranked the undergraduate architecture program 3rd nationally among both public and private universities. The graduate architecture program ranked 9th in the nation. ^[78] For 2013, DesignIntelligence ranked the university's undergraduate and graduate landscape architecture programs No. 2 in the nation. In addition, DesignIntelligence ranked the university's undergraduate interior design program 6th and undergraduate industrial design program 3rd. ^[79] The Planetizen 2012 Guide to Graduate Urban Planning Programs ranked Virginia Tech's MURP program as 19th. Virginia Tech's MURP program was also rated among the best programs in Technology, Land Use Planning, Environmental Planning, and Growth Management. ^[80]

Kiplinger's Personal Finance places Virginia Tech 20th in its 2019 ranking of 174 best value public colleges in the United States. ^[81] In 2018, CEOWORLD magazine ranked the undergraduate architecture program 3rd nationally. ^[82] The graduate architecture program ranked 14th. ^[83]

Student affairs rankings

Virginia Tech received the following rankings from The Princeton Review in its 2017 Best 380 Colleges Rankings: ^[84]

Category	Rankings
Happiest Students	7th overall
Best Campus Food	4th overall
Best Quality of Life	1st overall
Their Students Love These Colleges	1st overall
Town-Gown Relations are Great	7th overall
Best Alumni Network	10th overall
Lots of Race/Class Interaction	7th overall
Colleges That Pay You Back without Aid	18th overall

Research

Burruss Hall houses the Office of the Vice President for Research and Innovation.

Bishop-Favrao Hall

Virginia Tech Skipper Crew

Virginia Tech's research and development expenditures (R&D) were $542 million in fiscal year 2019, which ranked 48th among education institutions in the nation and 2nd in the state of Virginia according to the National Science Foundation. ^[85] As a result, Virginia Tech marked its 15th consecutive year of research growth, with the university's research portfolio more than doubling from $192.7 million in fiscal year 2000. The only Virginia institution in the top 50 of the NSF's rankings for research expenditures, Virginia Tech is No. 23 among public universities. The university's research expenditures rank it in the top 5 percent of more than 900 research universities and colleges. Each year, the university receives thousands of awards to conduct research from an ever-expanding base of sponsors. Researchers pursue new discoveries in agriculture, biotechnology, information and communication technology, human health, transportation, energy management (including leadership in fuel-cell technology and power electronics), security, sustainability, and a wide range of other engineering, scientific, social science, and creative fields. This research led to 36 patents and 17 license and option agreements in fiscal year 2013. ^{[86] : 5}

Research Expenditures Fiscal Years 2009–2017 ^[85]

2009	$399 million
2011	$450 million
2013	$496 million
2015	$504 million
2017	$522 million

Fralin Life Science Institute

The Fralin Life Science Institute is an expansion of the Fralin Biotechnology Center, which was established in 1991. ^[87] Research at the institute is focused on the areas of vector-borne disease; infectious disease and microbial sciences; plant sciences; obesity; cancer biology; and ecology and organismal biology. ^[88]

Virginia Tech Transportation Institute

See also: Virginia Smart Road

The Virginia Tech Transportation Institute (VTTI) was founded as the Center for Transportation Research in 1988 and employs more than 350 personnel. VTTI has more than $125 million in active research awards, and has a mission to save lives, save time, save money, and protect the environment. It is the second largest university-level transportation institute in the United States, and the largest group of driving safety researchers in the world. Facilities include the 2.2-mile (3.5 km), two-lane, fully instrumented Virginia Smart Road; connected-vehicle test beds in Southwest and Northern Virginia; more than 83,000 square feet of office and laboratory space; the VTTI/Center for Injury Biomechanics Crash Sled Lab; and the National Tire Research Center in Southern Virginia. ^[89] These laboratories include an asphalt lab, fully equipped garages, instrumentation bays, and a machine shop for working on VTTI's vehicle fleet. ^[90]

VTTI develops and tests advanced transportation safety devices, techniques, and innovative applications. VTTI's research impacts public policy in transportation, notably through research into distracted driving ^[91] and commercial hour-of-service. ^[92]

VTTI conducts applied research to address transportation challenges from various perspectives: vehicle, driver, infrastructure, materials, and environment. ^[40] Most notable among VTTI endeavors are its naturalistic driving studies. These studies particularly utilize VTTI's data acquisition systems, which gather continuous video and driving performance data in real-world driving conditions. These systems have been installed in nearly 4,000 passenger vehicles, commercial trucks and motor coaches, and motorcycles. ^[93]

Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science

Since 2005, the Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science (ICTAS) has made efforts to build capacity at the intersection of engineering, science, biology, and the humanities. Thrust areas include nuclear engineering, nanoscale science and engineering, nano-bio interface, sustainable energy, safe and sustainable water, national security, cognition and communication systems, renewable materials, and emerging technologies. ^[40]

Other areas of research

Other research conducted throughout the university's colleges and interdisciplinary groups includes high-performance computing; advanced materials; wireless telecommunication; housing; human and animal health; cognition, development, and behavior; the environment; and energy, including power electronics, biofuels, fuel cells, and solar-powered building structures. ^[94]

• The School of Biomedical Engineering & Sciences partners with the College of Engineering, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, and the College of Veterinary Medicine. Virginia Tech's research includes biomechanics, cellular transport, computational modeling, biomaterials, bioheat and mass transfer, biofluid mechanics, instrumentation, ergonomics, and tissue engineering.
• Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties Inc. (VTIP) was established in 1985 as a nonprofit corporation to support the mission of the university by protecting and licensing intellectual properties that result from research performed by Virginia Tech faculty, staff members, and students. During fiscal year 2012, 17 U.S. patents and six foreign patents were issued to VTIP, and 32 license and option agreements were signed. In addition, VTIP reported $2,269,991 in license revenue. ^[95]
• The Virginia Tech Applied Research Corporation (VT-ARC) is a private nonprofit corporation affiliated with Virginia Tech that was established in fall 2010. With offices in Northern Virginia and Blacksburg, VT-ARC fosters applied research and development, and management of large contract research projects. VT-ARC researches in intelligence, cyber security and information technology, national security, energy, and health care. ^[89]
• The Virginia Cooperative Extension programs are delivered through a network of faculty, 107 county and city offices, 11 agricultural research and Extension centers, and six 4-H educational centers. The system incorporates the faculty at the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences and through research and Extension efforts, the college helped elevate the state's agricultural exports to record numbers. In 2013, exports in the Commonwealth of Virginia reached $2.85 billion. ^[89]
• The Virginia Tech Corporate Research Center (VTCRC) is home to over 170 research, technology and support companies. The 230-acre (93 ha) park is located in a mountain setting. An expansion on the northwest side of the park provides enough land to construct 15 buildings in addition to the 33 single- and multi-tenant buildings currently on-site. The VTCRC employs over 2,900 employees. ^[96]
• The Virginia Tech Institute for Policy and Governance is a nonprofit and public sector research and outreach institute for the university.
• The Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens is a National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)-funded program to model immune responses to gut pathogens.
• The Virginia Tech Language and Culture Institute (LCI) provides language-related programs and services for academic and professional development. The institute was started in the 1960s, when members of the Blacksburg chapter of the American Association of University Women decided to volunteer their time teaching English. The women held free classes in church basements or their own homes to help the spouses of international students and faculty members learn English. In 2014 LCI opened a new state-of-the-art learning center in Fairfax, Virginia that provides language-related programs and services for academic and professional development both on the main campus in Blacksburg and within the National Capital Region. ^[97]
• The Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC is in Roanoke, Virginia and is an integral component of the new medical research and education initiative embodied by the Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine and Fralin Biomedical Research Institute. ^[98]
• The Hume Center for National Security and Technology conducts research in the areas of cybersecurity, artificial intelligence, and national security.

War Memorial Hall

Campus

Main article: Virginia Tech campus

The Virginia Tech campus is in Blacksburg, Virginia. Most buildings are built of limestone in a neo-Gothic style. Notable green spaces include the Hahn Horticulture Garden, Virginia Tech Duck Pond, and the old-growth forest, Stadium Woods.

Seitz Hall

The central campus is roughly bordered by Prices Fork Road to the northwest, Plantation Drive to the west, Main Street to the east, and US 460 Bypass to the south, though it has several thousand acres beyond the central campus.

In the center of the Blacksburg campus lies the Drillfield, a large oval field running northeast to southwest, encircled by a one-way street that is known as Drillfield Drive. The Drillfield's name, coined in 1926 after the completion of Virginia Tech's first real stadium, Miles Stadium, stems from its use by the Virginia Tech Corps of Cadets to conduct military drills. A waterway, Stroubles Creek, runs beneath the Drillfield on the south side. A three-sided conduit for the creek that retains the natural bed of the creek was installed in 1934, and, in 1971, the first two asphalt walks were added. ^[99]

On the northwestern side of the Drillfield stand most of the university's academic and administrative buildings, including Burruss and McBryde Halls. On the southeastern side of the Drillfield stand most of the residential buildings, including students' residence halls, dining halls, and War Memorial Gym. Newman Library is on the eastern side of campus and connects to Torgersen Bridge, which spans the main road into campus, Alumni Mall. North of the Drillfield and northwest of Alumni Mall lies the Upper Quad, known to many students as military campus. The Upper Quad is home to the Corps of Cadets' barracks.

On the main campus in Blacksburg, most of the buildings incorporate Hokie Stone as a building material. In 2010, the board of visitors passed a resolution about using the gray stone, shaded by hues of brown and pink, in all building projects. ^[100]

Panoramic view of Virginia Tech's Drillfield

Extended campuses

The university has established five branch campuses: ^[101]

• Virginia Tech Hampton Roads Centers, Newport News and Virginia Beach ^[102]
• Northern Virginia Center, Falls Church (National Capital Region) ^[103]
• Virginia Tech Richmond Center, Richmond ^[104]
• Virginia Tech Roanoke Center, Roanoke ^[105]
• Virginia Tech Southwest Center, Abingdon ^[106]

Northern Virginia Center (National Capital Region)

Walkway at Virginia Tech

Virginia Tech's presence in the Washington Metropolitan Area links regional graduate education and outreach programs that are consistent with the university's strategic research areas of excellence: energy materials and environment, social and individual transformation, health, food, and nutrition, and innovative technologies and complex systems. ^[107]

Supporting the university's missions is the Virginia Tech National Capital Region. The university has established collaborations and partnerships with local and federal agencies, nonprofit research organizations, businesses, and other institutions of higher education. Current locations include Alexandria, Arlington, Fairfax, Falls Church, Leesburg, Manassas, and Middleburg.

Biomedical Technology Development and Management is an executive program in the National Capital Region. The Master of Science in Biomedical Technology Development and Management (BTDM) is a graduate level degree created by Virginia Tech in response to future directions in medical product discovery and development and the emerging needs of industry and regulatory agencies. Curriculum for the degree program integrates science with technology, management, ethics, and public policy, and draws on the strengths of Virginia Tech in science, industrial and systems engineering, business and management, and medical research programs. ^[108]

In 2014, the university opened a Language and Culture Institute location in Fairfax. ^[109] The institute offers intensive English language programs for college-age students, professionals, and diplomats. ^[110]

International campuses

Caribbean Center for Education and Research (CCER)

Located on the eastern tip of the Dominican Republic, the Caribbean Center for Education and Research (CCER) in Punta Cana provides a base for Virginia Tech faculty to conduct research as well as instruct students on biodiversity, environmental and social sustainability, global issues in natural resources, and hotel and tourism management. The center is the product of a partnership between Virginia Tech and the PUNTACANA Ecological Foundation (PCEF) and the PUNTACANA Resort and Club. PCEF maintains a 2,000-acre (810 ha) natural forest reserve, 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) of protected coral reef, freshwater lagoons and coastal mangroves. ^[111]

Center for European Studies and Architecture (CESA)

Renamed the Steger Center for International Scholarship in 2014, ^[112] the Center for European Studies and Architecture (CESA) is the university's European campus center and base for operations and support of its programs in the region. The center's location in Riva San Vitale, Ticino, the Italian-speaking canton of Switzerland, is also close to major northern Italian cities such as Milan. ^[111]

Agricultural Research and Extension Centers

Virginia Tech has several agricultural research and extension centers located throughout the Commonwealth dedicated to improving agricultural practices and the quality of life of Virginia citizens. The Virginia Tech Agricultural Research and Extension Centers are: Alson H. Smith, Jr., Eastern Shore, Eastern Virginia, Hampton Roads, Middleburg, Reynolds Homestead, Shenandoah Valley, Southern Piedmont, Southwest Virginia, Tidewater, and Virginia Seafood.

Power plant

Distinguished by a towering 180-foot-high radial brick smokestack, the university's coal fired Central Steam Power Plant generates an annual steam output greater than 943 billion BTUs and provides campus buildings with a portion of their heat, hot water, and electricity needs. Nearly 90 percent of campus buildings are connected to the plant through an extensive network of tunnels—the main access point is on the Drillfield—and more than six miles (9.7 km) of steam lines and piping provide heat to more than 6.8 million square feet of campus buildings. Only personnel with confined-space training are permitted to enter the tunnel system, comprising 2.76 miles (4.44 km) of inaccessible tunnel and 11.07 miles (17.82 km) of piping; 3.78 miles (6.08 km) of direct-bury piping in the ground; and 2.2 miles (3.5 km) of accessible tunnel and 12.27 miles (19.75 km) of piping. ^[113]

Student life

Student body composition as of May 2, 2023

Race and ethnicity [114]	Total
White	60%	60
Asian	12%	12
Hispanic	10%	10
Other [a]	8%	8
Foreign national	4%	4
Black	6%	6
Economic diversity
Low-income [b]	15%	15
Affluent [c]	85%	85

Main Eggleston Hall

There are more than 700 student organizations on campus. Some of these organizations include Bolt at Virginia Tech which builds electric racing motorcycles; PRISM a student-run ad agency; BASIS at Virginia Tech the largest student-run fixed income portfolio group in the nation managing $5 million; the Chocolate Milk Club; and a Young Life Chapter. Over 9,300 Virginia Tech students reside on campus. ^[115]

Campus residence halls

Main article: Campus of Virginia Tech

Corps of Cadets

Virginia Tech Corps of Cadets marching

Main article: Virginia Tech Corps of Cadets

Until 1923, every able-bodied male was required to participate for four years in the Virginia Tech Corps of Cadets. The requirement was changed to two years until 1964, when participation became voluntary. Members of the ROTC program are required to participate in the Corps of Cadets. Virginia Tech remains one of three public universities in the United States with both an active corps of cadets and regular civilian students on its campus (Texas A&M University and the University of North Georgia are the other two).

More than 1,000 cadets reside on the campus of Virginia Tech. The Corps of Cadets Community is located in the Upper Quad, which features some of the oldest buildings on campus. Cadet dorms are also known as "cadet barracks". Two new dormitories were constructed on the Upper Quad to house all of the cadets. Pearson Hall replaced Rasche Hall in November 2015, and in August 2017, Brodie Hall was replaced by the New Cadet Dorm (a.k.a. "New Brodie"). ^[116] Former cadet dorms, Thomas Hall and Monteith Hall were demolished in 2017. Their sites are planned to be used as green space for the foreseeable future.

Greek life

Virginia Tech hosts a number of fraternities and sororities across four governing councils. There are 23 IFC fraternities and 13 National Panhellenic Conference sororities recognized at Virginia Tech. The fraternity and sorority community currently encompasses more than 5,500 students which represents just about 20 percent of the undergraduate population. ^[117] The Oak Lane Community ^[118] houses those sororities and fraternities which have houses chartered on campus. A number of fraternities have chartered off-campus housing. There are also numerous other academic and service-related sororities and fraternities at the school, as well as various historically Black and cultural interest organizations. ^[117]

There are also a number of fraternities at Virginia Tech that are not officially recognized by the university.

Clubs and student activities

Alongside fraternity and sorority life, Virginia Tech offers a variety of clubs and activities officially endorsed by the university. The university claims 800 official clubs as part of its student life and the Student Engagement and Campus Life office as a hub for information on said clubs. A website titled Gobblerconnect is often used by students to find clubs to take part in, while every year the campus holds a "Gobblerfest" where clubs showcase their activities to potential freshmen members. ^[119]

Notable among these are student-lead production oriented clubs, such as radio station WUVT-FM, newspaper The Collegiate Times , and literary magazine Silhouette. ^{[120] [121]}

Athletics

Main article: Virginia Tech Hokies

Stylized "VT" logo

Virginia Tech Athletic Font

Virginia Tech teams are known as the Hokies. The HokieBird is a turkey-like creature whose form has evolved from the original school mascot of the Fighting Gobbler. While the modern HokieBird still resembles a Fighting Gobbler, the word "Hokie" has all but replaced Fighting Gobbler in terms of colloquial use. The term originated from the Old Hokie yell.

They compete as a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I level (Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) sub-level for football), primarily competing in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) for all sports since the 2004–05 season. The Hokies previously competed in the Big East Conference from 2000–01 to 2003–04 (football program from 1991–92 to 1999–2000); the Atlantic 10 Conference (A-10) from 1995–96 to 1999–2000; and the Metro Conference from 1978–79 to 1994–95.

Men's sports include baseball, basketball, cross country, football, golf, soccer, swimming and diving, tennis, track and field and wrestling. Women's sports include basketball, cross country, field hockey, golf, lacrosse, rowing, soccer, softball, swimming and diving, tennis, track and field and volleyball.

Virginia Tech's fight song, "Tech Triumph", was written in 1919 and remains in use today. The song is played at sporting events by both the Virginia Tech student band, The Marching Virginians, and the regimental Corps of Cadets' band, the Highty Tighties.

The most prominent athletic facilities are Lane Stadium, Cassell Coliseum, English Field, Thompson Field, Tech Softball Park, Rector Field House, the Beamer-Lawson Indoor Practice Facility, and the Christiansburg Aquatic Center.

Lane Stadium

• 
  Cassell Coliseum
• 
  Thompson Field

People

Faculty

Notable current and former faculty at Virginia Tech include Romesh Batra (engineering science and mechanics), Patricia Dove (geosciences), Marc Edwards (civil and environmental engineering), Roger Ekirch (history), Nikki Giovanni (English), Michael Hochella (geosciences), Liviu Librescu (engineering science and mechanics), Tim Luke (political science), Linsey Marr (civil and environmental engineering), Xiang-Jin Meng (virology), Arun Phadke (electrical engineering), Sanjay Raman (electrical engineering), James Robertson (history), Arthur Squires (chemical engineering), James Thorp (electrical engineering), John Tyson (biology), and Gary Wamsley (public administration).

There have been 17 university heads for Virginia Tech since its founding in 1872. The current president is Timothy Sands (previously provost of Purdue University), who has held the post since 2014.

Virginia Tech presidents ^[122]

Charles Landon Carter Minor	1872–1879
Charles Robert Scott Ship	1880
John Lee Buchanan	1880–1881
Thomas Nelson Conrad	1882–1886
Lunsford Lindsay Lomax	1886–1891
John McLaren McBryde	1891–1907
Paul Brandon Barringer	1907–1913
Joseph Dupuy Eggleston	1913–1919
Julian Ashby Burruss	1919–1945
John Redd Hutcheson	1945–1947
Walter Stephenson Newman	1947–1962
Thomas Marshall Hahn Jr.	1962–1974
William Edward Lavery	1975–1987
James Douglas McComas	1988–1994
Paul Ernest Torgersen	1993–2000
Charles William Steger	2000–2014
Timothy David Sands	2014–present

Alumni

Main article: List of Virginia Tech alumni

Virginia Tech has over 240,000 alumni internationally and from all 50 states. The Virginia Tech Alumni Association has over 100 chapters and has been consistently regarded as one of the best in the nation. ^{[84] [123]} VT alumni include 2 Rhodes Scholars, 4 Marshall Scholars, 38 Goldwater Scholars, and 131 Fulbright Scholars. ^{[d] [125] [126] [127]} Among its alumni are 8 Medal of Honor recipients, 97 generals and admirals, governors of two U.S. states, 2 astronauts, and a billionaire. ^{[128] [129]} Three Nobel laureates and two MacArthur Fellows have received a degree or served as faculty members at the university.

One of six senior military colleges in the United States, Virginia Tech has produced numerous military leaders, among them 97 generals and admirals, including Carlton D. Everhart II, Commander, Air Mobility Command; Thomas C. Richards, Chief of Staff, Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe; Lance L. Smith, Commander, United States Joint Forces Command; Jody A. Breckenridge, Commander, Coast Guard Pacific Area; William G. Boykin, Deputy Undersecretary of Defense for Intelligence, Commander, John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center; and Wallace H. Robinson, Director, Defense Supply Agency.

Eight alumni have been awarded the Medal of Honor, the highest award bestowed by the United States armed forces: Antoine August Michel Gaujot, Julien Edmund Victor Gaujot, Earle Davis Gregory, Herbert Joseph Thomas, Jimmie W. Monteith, Robert Edward Femoyer, Richard Thomas Shea, Jr., Gary Lee Miller; their names are inscribed on a marble cenotaph at the center of War Memorial Court on the Blacksburg campus. ^[130]

Many VT alumni have also served in civilian leadership roles: Chet Culver, 41st governor of Iowa; William Dodd, ambassador to Germany; Linda Swartz Taglialatela, ambassador to Barbados; Rob Wittman, member of the House of Representatives; Tony McNulty, member of Parliament for Harrow East; Deborah Hersman, 12th chairperson of the National Transportation Safety Board; Regina Dugan, 19th director, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; John H. Thompson, Director of the United States Census Bureau; Lawrence Koontz, Senior Justice of the Supreme Court of Virginia, and William K. Barlow and Matt Lohr, members of the Virginia House of Delegates.

Outside of public service, Virginia Tech alumni have made notable contributions in the fields of business, literature, music and journalism. These include children's book author and Newbery Medal recipient Kwame Alexander; author and former NASA engineer Homer Hickham; jazz guitarist Charlie Byrd; business executive Donaldson Brown; Boeing president and CEO Dave Calhoun; Norfolk Southern president and CEO Alan Shaw and television news anchor Hoda Kotb.

Notable Virginia Tech athletes include Nickeil Alexander-Walker, Frank Beamer, Allan Bristow, Kam Chancellor, Bimbo Coles, Dell Curry, Ace Custis, Renee Dennis, Jim Druckenmiller, Terrell Edmunds, Tremaine Edmunds, Bud Foster, Kendall Fuller, Kyle Fuller, Chuck Hartman, Sally Miles, Charles Moir, Johnny Oates, Bruce Smith, Tyrod Taylor, DeAngelo Hall, Isaiah Ford, Angela Tincher, and Michael Vick. ^[131]

See also

• Fighting Gobblers
• Hahn Horticulture Garden
• List of forestry universities and colleges
• Virginia Tech commencement speakers

Notes

1. Other consists of Multiracial Americans & those who prefer to not say.
2. The percentage of students who received an income-based federal Pell grant intended for low-income students.
3. The percentage of students who are a part of the American middle class at the bare minimum.
4. Virginia Tech students have received 66 Fulbright student awards, ^[124] for a total of 197.

References

1. As of June 30, 2022. Virginia Tech Foundation Financial Highlights (Report).
2. "Board of Visitors sets university budget, compensation plans for 2023-24 fiscal year".
3. Hincker, Lawrence (December 6, 2013). "Board of visitors appoints Timothy D. Sands as next president of Virginia Tech". Virginia Tech News. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Archived from the original on April 2, 2014. Retrieved September 11, 2015.
4. "Cyril Clarke named Virginia Tech executive vice president and provost" (Press release). Virginia Tech News. January 7, 2019. Archived from the original on January 7, 2019. Retrieved January 8, 2019.
5. "Virginia Tech Spring 2014 Headcount Enrollments On and Off Campus In-state determined by Tuition at University Level". Virginia Tech. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved July 4, 2014.
6. "University allocates CARES Act funding to support students". vt.edu. Archived from the original on December 8, 2020. Retrieved August 23, 2020.
7. "Rollcall". irweb.ir.vt.edu. Archived from the original on April 2, 2019. Retrieved April 2, 2019.
8. "University Trademarks". VT.edu. Archived from the original on September 22, 2019. Retrieved September 22, 2019.
9. "History and Traditions". Virginia Tech. Archived from the original on January 27, 2018. Retrieved January 28, 2018.
10. "Army ROTC Schools – Military Colleges and Universities". GoArmy.com. Archived from the original on August 17, 2018. Retrieved August 11, 2018.
11. Kapsidelis, Karin (January 9, 2015). "Virginia Tech gains enrollment, becomes state's 2nd largest public university". Roanoke Times . Archived from the original on December 8, 2020. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
12. "Carnegie Classifications Institution Lookup". carnegieclassifications.iu.edu. Center for Postsecondary Education. Archived from the original on December 8, 2020. Retrieved July 26, 2020.
13. "Solitude". Vt.edu. Archived from the original on October 23, 2016. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
14. Worsham, Gibson (January 1988). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Solitude" (PDF). Virginia Department of Historic Resources. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 24, 2015. Retrieved September 11, 2015.
15. Kinnear, Duncan Lyle. "A Short History of Virginia Tech, 1850–1974: Pre-Founding 1850–1872". Virginia Tech Special Collections. Virginia Tech. Archived from the original on May 22, 2018. Retrieved September 11, 2015.
16. Cox, Clara B. (1992) [1991]. "Virginia Tech History: Addison Caldwell, Tech's First Student". spec.lib.vt.edu. Virginia Tech Special Collections. Archived from the original on May 21, 2018. Retrieved March 7, 2018.
17. "Caldwell March". Vtcc.vt.edu. Archived from the original on April 14, 2018. Retrieved May 9, 2018.
18. vt.edu. "Lane Hall | Virginia Tech". Vt.edu. Archived from the original on September 7, 2017. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
19. Chaney, John (March 5, 1969). "SAC asks Hahn remove flag; will not censor band, 'Dixie'". Virginia Tech Special Collections. The Virginia Tech (newspaper). Archived from the original on May 21, 2018.
20. Harper, Alton B.; Hickam, Homer H. "History of "Skipper" Ceremonial Cannon of the Virginia Tech Corps of Cadets". Virginia Tech Special Collections. Archived from the original on May 21, 2018. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
21. "The VPI Ring 1969" (PDF). Alumni.vt.edu. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 22, 2018. Retrieved May 9, 2018.
22. Clauson-Wicker, Su, ed. (Summer 1997). "Breaking the Double Barrier: The First Black Women at Tech". Virginia Tech Magazine. Archived from the original on October 26, 2017. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
23. "Virginia Tech 1971 Class Ring". Humabout.net. July 1, 1970. Archived from the original on October 26, 2017. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
24. Jones, Matt (July 24, 2017). "The trial of Professor Charles Vawter". Collegiate Times. Archived from the original on June 13, 2021. Retrieved October 9, 2021.
25. "A School of Many Names". Virginia Tech. Archived from the original on March 14, 2014. Retrieved September 11, 2014.
26. "Norfolk Division of the College of William and Mary". Old Dominion University. Archived from the original on March 13, 2012. Retrieved September 11, 2015.
27. "Who We Are, Radford University". Radford University. Archived from the original on March 9, 2014. Retrieved March 9, 2014.
28. "In memoriam: Charlie L. Yates, Virginia Tech's first African American graduate | News | Virginia Tech". Vtnews.vt.edu. August 11, 2010. Archived from the original on August 10, 2017. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
29. "Life & Times of Virginia Tech presidents: Thomas Marshall Hahn Jr., 1962–74". Virginia Tech. Archived from the original on November 11, 2007. Retrieved September 11, 2015.
30. Kinnear, Duncan Lyle. "A Short History of Virginia Tech: The Hahn Administration 1962–1974". Virginia Tech Special Collections. Archived from the original on May 21, 2018. Retrieved September 11, 2015.
31. "A History of the Corps of Cadets". Virginia Tech. Archived from the original on March 14, 2014. Retrieved March 14, 2014.
32. "Campus Unrest at Virginia Tech". Virginia Tech Special Collections. 1997. Archived from the original on May 21, 2018.
33. Hahn, T. Marshall (May 13, 1970). "Hahn's statement on the Williams occupation". Virginia Tech Special Collections. Archived from the original on May 21, 2018. Retrieved August 13, 2018.
34. Cox, Clara. "In Memoriam: William Edward Lavery". Archived from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved August 14, 2015.
35. Miller, Kevin (October 10, 2004). "University acquired plantation in land swap". The Roanoke Times . Archived from the original on April 2, 2015.
36. Melton, R. H. (June 14, 1987). "BALILES SCOLDS VA. TECH ON ATHLETIC SCANDAL". Archived from the original on October 30, 2019. Retrieved October 9, 2021– via www.washingtonpost.com.
37. "The Lavery Years". Virginia Tech. Archived from the original on November 11, 2019. Retrieved May 30, 2016.
38. "Corps of Cadets". history.unirel.vt.edu. Archived from the original on July 26, 2020. Retrieved October 9, 2021.
39. "Virginia Tech Off-Campus Properties". History and Historical Data of Virginia Tech. Virginia Tech. Archived from the original on May 7, 2018. Retrieved August 13, 2018.
40. "About Virginia Tech". Virginia Tech. Archived from the original on October 25, 2015. Retrieved October 26, 2015.
41. "How Are We Doing With Recruiting?". vtcc.vt.edu. Archived from the original on July 16, 2020. Retrieved October 9, 2021.
42. "Corps' resurgence includes new buildings and plans to reach 1,400 cadets". www.vtnews.vt.edu. Archived from the original on January 27, 2021. Retrieved October 9, 2021.
43. "Fact File: Deadliest shootings in the U.S." NBC News. Archived from the original on March 1, 2013. Retrieved September 15, 2008.
44. Ellis, Ralph; Fantz, Ashley; Karimi, Faith; McLaughlin, Eliott C. "49 killed in Florida nightclub terror attack". Cnn.com. Archived from the original on June 12, 2016. Retrieved November 15, 2016.
45. "Las Vegas shooting: At least 58 dead at Mandalay Bay Hotel". BBC News . October 2, 2017. Archived from the original on October 2, 2017. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
46. Boissoneault, Lorraine (May 18, 2017). "The 1927 Bombing That Remains America's Deadliest School Massacre". Smithsonian Magazine. Archived from the original on March 27, 2019. Retrieved March 27, 2019.
47. Botelho, Greg; Jones, Athena; Vivian, Kuo; Fiegel, Eric; Silverleib, Alan (December 9, 2011). "Armed suspect stole car before killing Virginia Tech officer". CNN . Retrieved August 25, 2024.
48. Peralta, Eyder; Memmott, Mark (December 8, 2011). "2 Die, Including Police Officer, In Virginia Tech Shootings". NPR . Retrieved August 25, 2024.
49. Tavernise, Sabrina; Williams, Timothy; Goodman, J. David (December 8, 2011). "2 Dead of Gunshots as Violence Revisits Virginia Tech". The New York Times . Retrieved August 25, 2024.
50. "Guns on Campus: Overview". www.ncsl.org. Archived from the original on February 16, 2019. Retrieved June 21, 2019.
51. "Campus Carry and the public history of the gun debate". National Council on Public History. October 17, 2017. Archived from the original on March 27, 2019. Retrieved March 28, 2019.
52. "Nightline". ABC News. Archived from the original on November 21, 2019. Retrieved March 27, 2019.
53. Svrluga, Susan (November 13, 2018). "Amazon arrival spurs Virginia Tech to build technology campus in Northern Virginia". Washington Post . Archived from the original on December 16, 2018.
54. Korth, Robby (May 29, 2019). "Some incoming Virginia Tech freshmen offered money to delay start in effort to relieve enrollment strain". Roanoke Times . Archived from the original on May 31, 2019. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
55. "Virginia Tech Colleges and Schools". Virginia Tech. October 25, 2015. Archived from the original on October 23, 2015. Retrieved October 25, 2015.
56. "Undergraduate Majors | Office of the University Registrar | Virginia Tech". Registrar.vt.edu. Retrieved August 3, 2022.
57. "About VTC". Virginia Tech. Archived from the original on June 1, 2014. Retrieved October 26, 2015. "About VTC | VTC Home Page | Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine and Research Institute". Archived from the original on October 20, 2015. Retrieved November 21, 2015.
58. "Virginia Tech:: Undergrad Admissions". Virginia Tech. Archived from the original on October 21, 2015. Retrieved October 22, 2015.
59. Edwards, Halle. "Official ACT to SAT (New 1600 and Old 2400) Conversion Charts". Blog.prepscholar.com. Archived from the original on August 5, 2016. Retrieved August 4, 2016.
60. "Freshman Snapshot Class of 2017". Virginia Tech Office of Undergraduate Admissions. 2013. Archived from the original on October 21, 2015. Retrieved March 13, 2014.
61. "Visit Virginia Tech". Virginia Tech. Archived from the original on September 15, 2015. Retrieved September 11, 2015.
62. "Admissions to Honors, University Honors, Virginia Tech". University Honors. Archived from the original on March 14, 2014. Retrieved March 13, 2014.
63. "Virginia Tech at-a-glance". Virginia Tech Office of Institutional Research & Effectiveness. 2013. Archived from the original on March 14, 2014. Retrieved March 13, 2014.
64. "Class statistics, Pamplin College of Business". Pamplin College of Business. 2015. Archived from the original on November 2, 2015. Retrieved November 1, 2015.
65. "Class Statistics." Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, medicine.vtc.vt.edu/admissions/class-statistics.html.
66. Knox, Liam (August 1, 2023). "Virginia Tech Ends Legacy Admissions, Early Decision". Inside Higher Ed . Retrieved August 2, 2023.
67. "America's Top Colleges 2024". Forbes . September 6, 2024. Retrieved September 10, 2024.
68. "2024-2025 Best National Universities Rankings". U.S. News & World Report . September 23, 2024. Retrieved November 22, 2024.
69. "2024 National University Rankings". Washington Monthly . August 25, 2024. Retrieved August 29, 2024.
70. "2025 Best Colleges in the U.S." The Wall Street Journal/College Pulse. September 4, 2024. Retrieved September 6, 2024.
71. "QS World University Rankings 2025". Quacquarelli Symonds. June 4, 2024. Retrieved August 9, 2024.
72. "World University Rankings 2024". Times Higher Education . September 27, 2023. Retrieved August 9, 2024.
73. "2024-2025 Best Global Universities Rankings". U.S. News & World Report . June 24, 2024. Retrieved August 9, 2024.
74. "Virginia Tech Graduate School Rankings". U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on September 22, 2019. Retrieved September 27, 2020.
75. "Virginia Tech Global Universities Rankings". U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on March 13, 2021. Retrieved September 27, 2020.
76. "Virginia Tech Rankings". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved October 24, 2023.
77. "Best Online Master's in Information Technology Programs". Archived from the original on August 22, 2020. Retrieved September 27, 2020.
78. "2016 DesignIntelligence Rankings". School of Architecture + Design. November 15, 2015. Archived from the original on May 27, 2016. Retrieved May 11, 2016.
79. "2013 DesignIntelligence Rankings". School of Architecture + Design. November 15, 2013. Archived from the original on June 3, 2016. Retrieved May 11, 2016.
80. "Planetizen Overall Top 25" (PDF). Planetizen Guide. Planetizen. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 19, 2013. Retrieved September 11, 2015.
81. "College Finder". Kiplinger's Personal Finance. July 2019. Archived from the original on October 13, 2019. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
82. "CEOWORLD magazine Ranks Virginia Tech among Best Universities to Study Architecture and Interior Design in America for 2018". CEOWORLD magazine. January 2018. Archived from the original on January 10, 2018. Retrieved January 10, 2018.
83. "Best Universities To Study Architecture And Interior Design In America, 2018". CEOWORLD magazine. January 2018. Archived from the original on January 10, 2018. Retrieved January 10, 2018.
84. "Virginia Tech". The Princeton Review. Archived from the original on August 29, 2016. Retrieved September 1, 2016.
85. "Rankings by total R&D expenditures". National Science Foundation. Archived from the original on August 4, 2021. Retrieved February 13, 2021.
86. "University Facts & Figures, 2013–14" (PDF). Virginia Tech Office of University Relations, Marketing and Publications. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 22, 2014. Retrieved September 11, 2015.
87. "Fralin Life Science Institute". Virginia Tech. Archived from the original on September 6, 2015. Retrieved September 11, 2015.
88. "The Research Institutes of Virginia Tech". Virginia Tech. Archived from the original on March 14, 2014. Retrieved March 13, 2014.
89. "Factbook: Measures of Excellence – Virginia Tech – Virginia Tech". vt.edu. November 20, 2007. Archived from the original on November 20, 2015. Retrieved November 21, 2015.
90. "Virginia Tech Transportation Institute: Virginia Smart Road". Virginia Tech. Archived from the original on May 7, 2013. Retrieved September 11, 2015.
91. "The Dangers of Texting While Driving". FCC. February 14, 2011. Archived from the original on September 6, 2015. Retrieved September 11, 2015.
92. "Senate Hearing 110–1140: Oversight of the Federal Truck Driver Hours-of-service Rules and Truck Safety". US Government Printing Office. December 19, 2007. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved September 11, 2015.
93. "Virginia Tech Transportation Institute: About Us". Virginia Tech. Archived from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved September 11, 2015.
94. "Office of the Vice President for Research and Innovation at Virginia Tech". Virginia Tech. Archived from the original on March 14, 2014. Retrieved March 13, 2014.
95. "Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties Inc" (PDF). Virginia Tech. p. 21. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 13, 2015. Retrieved September 11, 2015.
96. "About". vtcrc.com. Archived from the original on November 21, 2015. Retrieved November 21, 2015.
97. "Locations – National Capital Region – Virginia Tech". vt.edu. Archived from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved November 21, 2015.
98. "The Research Institutes of Virginia Tech". Virginia Tech. Archived from the original on July 25, 2010. Retrieved September 22, 2011.
99. Owens, Cody (February 11, 2013). "Sinking Drillfield rumors exposed". Collegiate Times . Virginia Tech. Archived from the original on November 6, 2017. Retrieved September 11, 2015.
100. "All About Hokie Stone". Virginia Tech. Archived from the original on March 14, 2014. Retrieved March 14, 2014.
101. "Virginia Tech Graduate School: Extended Campuses". Virginia Tech. Archived from the original on May 29, 2014. Retrieved September 11, 2015.
102. "Welcome to the Virginia Tech Hampton Roads Center". Virginia Tech. September 2013. Archived from the original on May 27, 2014. Retrieved September 11, 2015.
103. "Northern Virginia Center". Virginia Tech. Archived from the original on May 27, 2014. Retrieved September 11, 2015.
104. "Greetings from the Virginia Tech Richmond Center". Virginia Tech Richmond Center. Virginia Tech. September 2013. Archived from the original on April 3, 2014. Retrieved September 11, 2015.
105. "Virginia Tech Roanoke Center". Virginia Tech. Archived from the original on August 21, 2015. Retrieved September 11, 2015.
106. "Southwest Virginia Center Higher Education Center: About Us". Virginia Tech. Archived from the original on September 6, 2015. Retrieved September 11, 2015.
107. "About the National Capital Region". Virginia Tech. Archived from the original on September 6, 2015. Retrieved September 11, 2015.
108. "Biomedical Technology Development and Management". Virginia Tech. Archived from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved September 11, 2015.
109. "Language and Culture Institute". Virginia Tech. Archived from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved September 11, 2015.
110. "Language and Culture Institute: National Capital Region". Virginia Tech. Archived from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved September 11, 2015.
111. "Maps & Locations: Extended Campus Locations International Centers". Virginia Tech. Archived from the original on December 11, 2012. Retrieved September 11, 2015. "Academic Programs | Virginia Tech | Virginia Tech". Archived from the original on November 21, 2015. Retrieved November 21, 2015.
112. Raboteau, Albert Jordy III; Gehrt, Katie (June 24, 2014). "Virginia Tech renames its primary facility abroad for former President Charles W. Steger". Virginia Tech. Archived from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved September 11, 2015.
113. Conde, Rommelyn (Summer 2004). "Energizer: The power plant that powers Tech". VirginiaTech Magazine. 34 (4). Archived from the original on August 31, 2015. Retrieved September 11, 2015.
114. "College Scorecard: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University". United States Department of Education . Retrieved May 8, 2022.
115. "Student Life, Living on and off Campus". Vt.edu. Archived from the original on May 12, 2018. Retrieved May 9, 2018.
116. Spieldenner, Bob; Foy, Bill (June 8, 2015). "Brodie Hall demolition begins this week". Virginia Tech. Archived from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved September 11, 2015.
117. "Fraternity and Sorority Life". Fsl.vt.edu. Archived from the original on April 29, 2018. Retrieved May 9, 2018.
118. "Oak Lane Community Guide". Fsl.vt.edu. Archived from the original on April 12, 2018. Retrieved May 9, 2018.
119. "Clubs, Organizations, and Involvement". Virginia Tech .
120. Sawyers, Jacob (November 28, 2023). "Student-led magazine thrives through the power of human expression". Virginia Tech .
121. Dye, Molly (April 25, 2021). "WUVT's spring Radiothon returns with fresh tunes and dynamic DJs". The Collegiate Times .
122. "Past Presidents and Bios, Virginia Tech". Archived from the original on December 22, 2017. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
123. "Virginia Tech". The Princeton Review . Retrieved July 11, 2022.
124. "Fulbright Student Program". Global Education Office. Virginia Tech. Retrieved July 13, 2022.
125. "National Scholarships". HonorsCollege.vt.edu. Virginia Tech. Archived from the original on July 26, 2021. Retrieved July 26, 2021.
126. "Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University". Fulbright Scholar Program Directory. U.S. Department of State. Retrieved July 13, 2022.
127. "Virginia Tech". Fulbright Scholar Program Directory. U.S. Department of State. Retrieved July 13, 2022.
128. "War Memorial Court: Medal of Honor Recipients". VT.edu. Virginia Tech. Archived from the original on August 3, 2021. Retrieved July 26, 2021.
129. "GENERALS & FLAG OFFICERS OF VIRGINIA TECH, 1883–1984". DigitalSC.lib.vt.edu. Virginia Tech University Libraries. Archived from the original on July 26, 2021. Retrieved July 26, 2021.
130. "War Memorial Court: Medal of Honor Recipients". Virginia Tech. Retrieved July 11, 2022.
131. "Retired Numbers & Jerseys At Virginia Tech". Virginia Tech Athletics. Archived from the original on December 8, 2020. Retrieved February 21, 2020.

Further reading

• Clayton, Ashley B., and Brian A. Peters. "The desegregation of land-grant institutions in the 1950s: The first African American students at NC State University and Virginia Tech." The Journal of Negro Education 88.1 (2019): 75-92. online

• Wallenstein, Peter. Virginia Tech, land-grant university, 1872–1997: History of a school, a state, a nation (Virginia Tech Publishing, 2021) online

External links

• Official website
• Virginia Tech Athletics website