University of Arkansas

Last updated

University of Arkansas
University of Arkansas seal.svg
Latin: Universitas Arkansiensis [1]
Former names
Arkansas Industrial University (1871–1899)
MottoVeritate duce progredi (Latin)
Motto in English
"To Advance with Truth as our Leader"
Type Public land-grant research university
EstablishedMarch 27, 1871;152 years ago (March 27, 1871)
Parent institution
University of Arkansas System
Accreditation HLC
Academic affiliations
Endowment $1.7 billion (FY 2021) [2]
Chancellor Charles Robinson
Provost Terry Martin
Academic staff
1,490 [2]
Administrative staff
3,350 [2]
Students32,140 (Fall 2023) [2]
Undergraduates 27,472 [2]
Postgraduates 4,272 [2]
Location, ,
United States

36°04′07″N94°10′34″W / 36.068681°N 94.176012°W / 36.068681; -94.176012
Campus Small city [3] , 412 acres (1.67 km2)
Newspaper The Arkansas Traveler
Colors Cardinal and white [4]
   
Nickname Razorbacks
Sporting affiliations
NCAA Division I FBSSEC
Mascot
Website www.uark.edu
University of Arkansas logo.svg

The University of Arkansas (U of A, UArk, or UA) is a public land-grant research university in Fayetteville, Arkansas. [5] It is the flagship [6] campus of the University of Arkansas System. Founded as Arkansas Industrial University in 1871, classes were first held in 1872, with its present name adopted in 1899.

Contents

The university campus consists of 378 buildings spread across 512 acres (2.07 km2) of land in Fayetteville, Arkansas. Some well known architecture on campus includes Old Main, the first permanent academic building erected. It offers over 200 academic programs, including a highly regarded history program. [7] As of Fall 2023, total enrollment was 32,140. [8] The university is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity" and had spent $164.4 million on research in FY 2021. [9] [10] [11]

The University of Arkansas's athletic teams, the Arkansas Razorbacks, compete in NCAA Division I as members of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) with eight men's teams and eleven women's teams in thirteen sports. The university is known for its traditions, including Calling the Hogs at sports events, and the Senior Walk, more than 4 miles (6.4 km) [8] of campus sidewalk etched with the names of all UA graduates since 1871.

History

Old Main on the University of Arkansas campus Old Main, University of Arkansas.jpg
Old Main on the University of Arkansas campus

Early developments

The University of Arkansas was founded in 1871 on the site of a hilltop farm that overlooked the Ozark Mountains, giving it the nickname "The Hill". [12]

The university was established under the Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Act of 1862. The university's founding also satisfied the provision in the Arkansas Constitution of 1868 that the General Assembly was to "establish and maintain a State University." [13]

Bids from state towns and counties determined the university's location. The citizens of Fayetteville and Washington County. [13] pledged $130,000 toward securing the university, a sum that proved to be more than other offers. This was in response to the competition created by the Arkansas General Assembly's Organic Act of 1871, providing for the "location, organization and maintenance of the Arkansas Industrial University with a normal department [i.e., teacher education] therein." Classes started on January 22, 1872.

Notable landmarks

Completed in 1875, Old Main, a two-towered brick building designed in the Second Empire style, was the primary instructional and administrative building. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Its design was based on the plans for the main academic building at the University of Illinois, which has since been demolished. [14] At Arkansas. the taller tower is the bell tower, and the shorter tower is the clock tower. In addition to the regular chimes of the clock, the university's Alma Mater plays at 5 pm every day. [14]

Old Main contains classrooms, the restored Giffels Auditorium, as well as the administrative offices of the J. William Fulbright College of Arts and Sciences. [13] The lawn at Old Main serves as an arboretum. [14]

Beginning with the class of 1876, the names of students at University of Arkansas are inscribed in "Senior Walk" and wind across campus for more than four miles. [8] More recently, the names of all the recipients of honorary degrees were added, including J. Edgar Hoover, Queen Noor, President Bill Clinton, and Hillary Clinton. [14]

One unusual structure at Arkansas is the Chi Omega Greek Theatre, a gift to the school by the sorority's national headquarters. It marked the first time a national sorority presented a memorial of its foundation to the institution where it was founded. [14] Chi Omega was organized in 1895, at the University of Arkansas, and is the mother (Psi) chapter of the national organization. The largest crowd ever assembled in the theatre was for a concert by the Army Air Corps Band during World War II. From 1934 to 1991, the space under the stage was used for a rifle range by the Army ROTC. [14]

African American history and African studies program

The first African American student, James McGahee, attended the University of Arkansas in 1872, following the university's opening in 1871 during the Reconstruction era, to “prepare for the ministry of the Episcopal Church”. He is noted as having a grade average deemed excellent. Alongside McGahee, two other African American men, Mark W. Alexander and Isom Washington, are noted as having attended Arkansas Industrial College, however no record of their enrollment has been found. Following the end of Reconstruction, the racial dynamic shifted at the university and it is unknown if McGahee was able to continue his education following 1873. [15] [16]

Former state senator and U.S. congressman John N. Tillman served as president of the University of Arkansas from 1905 to 1912. In the Arkansas State Senate he proposed the Separate Coach Law of 1891, a Jim Crow law to segregate African American passengers. The bill became law and was enforced for many decades. [17]

The University of Arkansas admitted Silas Herbert Hunt of Texarkana, an African American veteran of World War II to the university's School of Law in 1948. Hunt's enrollment was regarded as the first successful school integration below the Mason–Dixon line of that era. [18] While Hunt was admitted into the university, his attendance was not met without controversy. With extremely mixed reviews stating that it was both a good and bad idea for a black student to attend the university. [19] African American students were permitted to attend the university, under the condition that they enroll as graduate or law students, and be taught in segregated classes. Unfortunately, Silas Hunt was only able to complete one year of education. In April 1949, Hunt was admitted to the VA hospital, where he later died of tuberculosis, aggravated by injuries he had sustained in the war. [20] [21]

Roy Wilkins, administrator of the NAACP, wrote in 1950 that Arkansas was the "very first of the Southern states to accept the new trend without fighting a delaying action or attempting to... limit, if not nullify, bare compliance." A large part of Hunt's success was due to three advantages found in Arkansas: there were no laws on the books specifically prohibiting mixed education in the state, a supreme court ruling that stated law students be allowed to study in the state they intended to practice, and the means for admitting African American Student to address legal education being seen as affordable and equitable. [21] [22]

In the fall of 1948 changes were made to the university's segregation policy, which allowed for the admittance of African American students into regular classes. The first to follow Hunt was a law school student by the name of Jackie L. Shropshire, would later go on to become the university's first black graduate in 1951. 1952 University of Arkansas Medical School graduate Edith Irby Jones, who was also admitted to the University of Arkansas in 1948, would be the first African American to be admitted in any Southern school. [23] [24] Several African American students followed in his footsteps, attending various graduate programs at the university. As a result, race relations at the University of Arkansas greatly improved. Arkansas was freely admitting African American students as early as 1957, while many southern states still prohibited black students from attending all white universities. The events in Little Rock at this time did some damage to race relations at the university that would not be fixed for some time. [21]

In 1969, the university created the Black Studies Advisory Committee to facilitate the creation of a Black Studies program, which began in the fall semester of 1968 with 19 courses offered.

In 1990 Gordon Daniel Morgan, a professor of sociology at the university and an alumnus of its graduate school, wrote The Edge of Campus: A Journal of the Black Experience at the University of Arkansas with his wife Izola.

In 2004, the university provided resources to help support the program, establishing the John White Scholarship, Sankofa Registered Student Organization, and Ghana study abroad tour. In 2008, The Black Studies program was renamed the African and African American Studies (AAST) program and expanded its course offerings and student enrollment. In 2014, the program moved to a new space in Memorial Hall and was added to the University Core. A year later, an online minor and graduate certificate in African and African American Studies was established. The university hosted its first annual AAST Graduate Fellows search symposium in 2016 and established the Roy S. Bryce-Laporte scholarship later in 2018. [25] In 2019, the University of Arkansas Board of Trustees voted to rename halls B and C of the Northwest Quad in honor of Gordon Morgan and Margaret Clark, respectively. [26] The university has also hosted guest lectures by Aldon D. Morris, Carol Anderson, and Nikole Hannah-Jones related to African and African American studies. [25] [27]

Notable people in African and African American history at the university

  • Gordon Daniel Morgan – An alumnus and one of the first Black professors at the University of Arkansas, and was hired to teach sociology [26]
  • Margaret Clark – One of the first Black professors at the University of Arkansas, and was hired to teach world languages [26]
  • Gerald Jordan – attended the University of Arkansas School of Journalism and Media, and is the university's current Faculty and Athletics Representative to NCAA and SEC [28]

Research

Vitamin E was co-discovered by UA Agricultural Chemistry Professor Barnett Sure. Sure co-discovered vitamin E, and extended knowledge of how vitamin E, amino acids and B-vitamins function on reproduction and lactation. Kik developed the process for parboiling rice (a major agricultural crop in the state) to increase retention of vitamins and shorten cooking time. [13] Sure and Kik were Agricultural Experiment Station scientists and professors in the UA Department of Agricultural Chemistry, which merged in 1964 with Home Economics, now the School of Human Environmental Sciences. [14]

In the 1920s, Loy Barton, an engineering graduate student at the University of Arkansas, set forth the principle of high-level Class B plate modulation for radio transmission and developed the technology that allowed small- and medium-size AM radio stations to flourish across the United States. Barnett later joined RCA and continued research on broadcast technology into the 1960s. [13]

The most widely implemented automated mail sorting equipment in the world–the Wide Area Bar Code Reader–was developed by the University of Arkansas College of Engineering. A $50,000 grant from the United States Postal Service (USPS) to Professors Dwight F. Mix and J.E. Bass in 1989 began the research and development effort. [14] By 1999, more than 15,000 University of Arkansas bar code readers were located in every major USPS facility, increasing the efficiency of processing 20 billion pieces of mail a year at a savings of $200 million. This R&D effort has spawned four additional electronic systems to help the USPS "read the mail." [13]

During the 1980s, Professors Allen Hermann and Zhengzhi Sheng of the Department of Physics researched superconductivity: the phenomenon whereby Direct Current (DC) electricity, once started, can flow essentially forever. [14] The Thallium-based material they discovered at Arkansas held the world's record for high temperature, 125K, for five years (1988–93) and drew international attention to the university. Their work led to patents and a manufacturing agreement, as well as further advances in high-density electronics. [14]

University of Arkansas plant pathologists conducted research in the early 1970s that led to COLLEGO, the first biological herbicide for weed control in a field crop. Other UA scientists and students worked on the project that resulted in EPA registration of COLLEGO by Upjohn in 1982 for control of northern jointvetch in rice and soybeans. The work provided a model used worldwide to develop biological herbicides. Leadership in this area helped the U of A obtain grants from the USDA and others for construction of the Rosen Center for Alternative Pest Control. [14]

Academic rankings
National
Forbes [29] 189
THE / WSJ [30] 392
U.S. News & World Report [31] 178
Washington Monthly [32] 295
Global
ARWU [33] 501–600
QS [34] 1001–1200
THE [35] 601–800
U.S. News & World Report [36] 750

Campuses and academic divisions

The University of Arkansas offers more than 200 programs of study leading to bachelors, masters, doctoral, and law degrees. [37] Academic programs are organized into numerous departments and schools based out of the ten primary colleges on the main campus. [38] The following degree-granting academic divisions are located on the Fayetteville campus:

College/school founding [14]
College/schoolYear founded
Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences 1905
College of Engineering 1912
College of Education & Health Professions 1912
J. William Fulbright College of Arts and Sciences 1912
School of Law 1924
Sam M. Walton College of Business 1926
Graduate School and International Education 1927
Fay Jones School of Architecture and Design 1974

Other divisions

The Honors College and Global Campus do not award degrees but provide degree programs with honors coursework and distance education opportunities, respectively, for the Fayetteville campus:

College/school founding
College/schoolYear founded
Honors College 2002 [39]
Global Campus (School of Continuing Education and Academic Outreach)1969 [14]
Bell Engineering Center contains the College of Engineering. Bell Engineering Center, University of Arkansas.jpg
Bell Engineering Center contains the College of Engineering.
University of Arkansas School of Law. UAlawschoolnewwing.jpg
University of Arkansas School of Law.
Vol Walker Hall contains the School of Architecture. Vol Walker Hall, 2023.jpg
Vol Walker Hall contains the School of Architecture.

System facilities

Altogether there are thirteen branches and six other units in the University of Arkansas System, including the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences in Little Rock; four-year campuses in Fayetteville, Fort Smith, Little Rock, Monticello, and Pine Bluff; and two-year community or technical college campuses in Batesville, De Queen, Helena-West Helena, Hope, Mena, North Little Rock, and Morrilton. Units also under the UA System include the Clinton School of Public Service, the Criminal Justice Institute, the Arkansas Archeological Survey, the Division of Agriculture, the Winthrop Rockefeller Institute, and the Arkansas School for Mathematics, Sciences, and the Arts.

The University of Arkansas was the home for the Southeastern Conference Academic Consortium, SECAC, where the 14 member schools of the Southeastern Conference pool resources to assist each other academically (the Consortium later relocated to Birmingham, Alabama, where the SEC has its headquarters).

Campus

The University of Arkansas Agriculture Building is one example of Collegiate Gothic architecture on campus as part of the 1925 master plan. University of Arkansas Agriculture Building.jpg
The University of Arkansas Agriculture Building is one example of Collegiate Gothic architecture on campus as part of the 1925 master plan.

The University of Arkansas campus sweeps across hilltops on the western side of Fayetteville, Arkansas. Among the 378 buildings on the campus, 11 buildings have been added to the National Register of Historic Places individually, with most buildings in the historic core being named as contributing properties to the University of Arkansas Campus Historic District. [40]

Construction began on Old Main in 1873 and was completed by 1875 in the Second Empire architectural style. Built with local brick and sandstone, Old Main serves as the university's signature building. The building has remained on campus despite its recommended removal in the 1925 master plan from the architects of Jamieson and Spearl. [41] This plan included destruction of all existing campus buildings and reconstruction in the Collegiate Gothic style. Several buildings were built in this style near the core of campus, including the Vol Walker Hall, Engineering Hall, Chemistry Building, Agriculture Building, and Home Economics Building. The plan ran out of funds and was never completed, leading to a somewhat haphazard arrangement of buildings after the 1930s.

The university's oldest tradition is Senior Walk, which contains the names of graduates from each class of the university. Beginning at the front steps of Old Main and running along the sidewalks across campus, Senior Walk is adorned with more than 170,000 names of former students. [42] This tradition is unique to American universities.

The Fine Arts Center was designed by Fayetteville native Edward Durell Stone, who also designed Radio City Music Hall and the Museum of Modern Art in New York City and the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, D.C. The buildings are indicative of Stone's idiosyncratic modern style which included patterns of ornament. Stone also designed a fraternity house, now used for academic purposes, and an apartment complex named Carlson Terrace on campus, which has since been demolished.

The east end of the University of Arkansas campus is adjacent to Dickson Street, which is one of the premier entertainment districts in the state. To the south of the university is Fayetteville High School, which contains nationally recognized academic and athletics programs. [43] [44]

The buildings listed individually or as contributing properties to the University of Arkansas Campus Historic District on the United States National Register of Historic Places for their architectural or historic significance are:

Sustainability

One of the university's stated goals is "promote environmental sustainability", a goal being aggressively pursued through several construction improvement projects on campus in recent years. [45] In 2008, Arkansas adopted a climate action plan, including the goals of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 50% by 2020 and to become carbon-neutral by 2040. [46] In 2008, the university signed a $22.9 million contract with Energy Systems Group to make energy improvements to 56 buildings, a program named "Razor's EDGE." The program was designed with a payback period of 13 years based upon projected electricity and water savings. The university also completed a study to install a cogeneration unit, which utilizes the heat given off by the natural gas power unit to heat the steam that is piped into campus buildings for climate control. This model replaces the current model ("business as usual" alternative), which uses a utility power plant that exhausts heat to the atmosphere and a separate boiler plant to generate the steam, while also increasing efficiency of both processes. [47]

Athletics

The mascot for the University of Arkansas is the Razorback, a type of wild boar, and Arkansas teams are often referred to as the Hogs (shortened version of Razorbacks). The school competes in the Southeastern Conference (SEC) in Division I of the NCAA. No school in the SEC has won more total national championships than Arkansas; and only 4 schools nationwide (UCLA, Southern California, Stanford, and Oklahoma State) have won more national titles than the Razorbacks. [48] [49]

From 1971 through 2007, Arkansas had completely separate men's and women's athletic departments. On January 1, 2008, the two departments merged, leaving fellow SEC school Tennessee as the only remaining NCAA Division I school with separate men's and women's athletic programs. [50]

Football

The 2010 Arkansas Razorbacks football team playing against the Alabama Crimson Tide in September 2010. Alabama at Arkansas, 2010.jpg
The 2010 Arkansas Razorbacks football team playing against the Alabama Crimson Tide in September 2010.

A football team began representing the University of Arkansas in 1894 and has since become one of the nation's top 25 programs in terms of all-time wins at the Football Bowl Subdivision level. [51] The program was a charter member of the Southwest Conference (SWC) in 1915 and remained in that conference until departing for the Southeastern Conference in 1991, where Arkansas has remained. [52] From 1915 to 1991, the Razorbacks won the SWC championship 13 times and the national championship in the 1964 season, with great success coming under coaches Frank Broyles, Lou Holtz and Ken Hatfield. [52] Today, the team plays its home games on campus at Donald W. Reynolds Razorback Stadium, or at War Memorial Stadium, located in Little Rock, making the University of Arkansas the only Division I program with two home stadia. [53] Arkansas has also had recent success in the Bowl Championship Series (BCS) era, obtaining its first BCS berth in the 2011 Sugar Bowl and climbing as high as #3 in the BCS rankings in 2011 under Bobby Petrino. [54]

Basketball

The 2012-13 Razorbacks in action against Syracuse Syracuse at Arkansas, 2012 002.jpg
The 2012-13 Razorbacks in action against Syracuse

Men's Basketball: The head coach of the men's basketball team is Eric Musselman, who was previously the head coach at the University of Nevada. The Razorbacks play their home games in Bud Walton Arena on the University of Arkansas campus, one of the largest home arenas in college basketball. [55] The team won the 1994 National Championship under coach Nolan Richardson, and has been to six Final Fours (1941, 1945, 1978, 1990, 1994, 1995). [56] Arkansas basketball was the winningest program in the Southwest Conference, winning the conference 22 times, the most of any of the SWC schools. [57] This conference dominance led the Hogs to be named the eighth-best program in history by Street and Smith's magazine.

Women's Basketball: The Razorback women's basketball team, like the men's basketball team, plays home games in Bud Walton Arena, often referred to as the "Basketball Palace of Mid-America." The building is located on the University of Arkansas campus. The women's basketball team completed its 39th season in 2014–15, and has made 21 post season appearances. The Razorbacks made their first NCAA Women's Final Four appearance in 1998, with the help of team leader Christy Smith, and made history as the lowest seed (#9) in the west to advance. [58] On March 7, 2020, the team made it to the semifinals in the SEC tournament in Greenville, SC with Coach Mike Neighbors and were ranked #22 for the 2019–20 season, which has been the team's highest ranking since January 2011. [59] This was also the first time the Lady Razorbacks have been ranked in the top 25 since 2015 and started off the season in the top 25 since 2002. [60]

Baseball and Softball

Razorback Bo Bigham bats at the 2012 College World Series in Omaha, Nebraska Bo bigham CWS.jpg
Razorback Bo Bigham bats at the 2012 College World Series in Omaha, Nebraska

Men's Baseball: The Arkansas baseball team has had success both in the Southwest Conference, and in the Southeastern Conference. Between 1979 and 1989, the Diamond Hogs appeared in the College World Series four times, including a runner-up finish in 1979. Since joining the SEC, former Razorbacks player Dave van Horn has coached the team to the 2004, 2009, 2012, 2015, 2018, 2019 and 2022 College World Series. [61] The team plays home games in Baum Stadium, recognized in 1998 by Baseball America magazine as being one of the top collegiate ballparks in America, and was #3 in 2009 according to Rivals.com. [62] The stadium has recently undergone expansion, including 20 new skyboxes (34 in all) and seats behind the bullpen in left field, and further expansion to enclose the park with seating has been included in the Athletic Facilities Master Plan. [63] On April 7, 2009, a stadium record 11,044 fans saw a 7–3 Razorbacks victory over the #1 Arizona State Sun Devils. A weekend series with LSU in 2007 drew 29,931, which is the SEC all-time attendance record for a three-game series.

Women's Softball: The Arkansas Razorback softball team is led by head coach, Courtney Deifel and plays their home games at Bogle Park, located on the University of Arkansas campus. Bogle Park was made possible thanks to the lead gift made by Bob and Marilyn Bogle and the Bogle family, who have also made significant contributions to the university and the Athletics Department over the course of many years. An event celebrating the naming was held Friday, October 26, 2009. The Lady Razorbacks participate in the Western Division of the Southeastern Conference, also known as the SEC. [64] The team has made NCAA Tournament appearances in: 2000, 2002, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2013, 2017, 2018, and 2019.

Track and Field

Men's Track and Field: The most successful program in NCAA history, the Arkansas men's track and field and cross country teams, led by head coach Chris Bucknam, sprints coach Doug Case and field coach Travis Geophert, are the most decorated teams in the athletics department. The program has won a total of 41 national titles (19 Indoor Championships, [65] 11 Outdoor Championships, [66] and 11 Cross Country Championships [67] ), the last being the 2013 Indoor Track and Field National Championship (the 2004 and 2005 Outdoor Championships were later vacated due to NCAA infractions). One of its most famous stars is graduate Alistair Cragg who competed for Ireland at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Greece. Other Olympians have included Michael Conley, Daniel Lincoln, Graham Hood, Wallace Spearmon, Paul Donovan, and Matt Hemingway. The team has a home indoor track at the Randal Tyson Track Center and outdoor field at John McDonnell Field, which hosted the 2009 NCAA Outdoor Track Championships. Current head coach Chris Bucknam, assistant coaches Doug Case and Travis Geopfert have continued to embrace the legacy, winning the 2009, 2010, and 2012 SEC Indoor Track Championships, along with the 2009 and 2011 SEC Outdoor Championships and the 2010, 2011 and 2012 SEC Cross Country Championships. The men's track and field team won the triple crown in 2012.

Women's Track and Field: The women's track and field team won its first national championship at the 2015 NCAA Indoor Championships, held in Fayetteville. Coached by Lance Harter, team members took first place in pole vault, the 3000-meter run and the distance-medley relay. [68] Top competitors include Olympians Veronica Campbell-Brown and Deena Kastor, who set the American marathon record at the 2006 London Marathon. Since then, the team has won four NCAA Division I championships, two in indoor track and field, and two in outdoor track and field. [69] The team also swept the 2019 calendar, winning the indoor, outdoor and cross country national championships. The athletes have access to indoor training and racing facilities at the Randal Tyson Track Center and outdoor facilities at John McDonnell Field located on the University of Arkansas campus.

Women's Athletics

Deena (Drossin) Kastor Deena Kastor at the 2007 Boston Marathon.jpg
Deena (Drossin) Kastor

The women teams at the University of Arkansas are also referred to as Razorbacks. There are 11 varsity women sports: basketball, cross country, indoor and outdoor track, golf, gymnastics, soccer, softball, swimming & diving, tennis, and volleyball. Among the most successful women teams are volleyball with 11 SEC Western Division titles; cross country with more SEC championships than any member institution; basketball with 12 postseason appearances in 30 years, including the 1998 NCAA Final Four; track & field with six SEC titles and the first back-to-back women's SEC triple crowns; and gymnastics, nationally ranked since the start of the program in 2002 with five NCAA Women's Gymnastics Championship appearances. Sprinter Veronica Campbell was the first Razorback woman to win a gold medal in the Olympics, with marathoner Deena Kastor, an alumna, bringing home a bronze medal in 2004.

Gymnastics: In 2019, Jordyn Wieber was hired as the University of Arkansas head coach, following the retirement of Mark Cook. Wieber has a very impressive background, as she was one of the "Fierce Five," in the 2012 Summer Olympics. The gymnastics team, referred to as the GymBacks, practice at the Bev Lewis Center for Women's Athletics and compete in Barnhill Arena. As for the 2020 season, the team now holds seven beam titles and nine floor titles. [70] The GymBacks started the 2020 season ranked #19 by the Women's Collegiate Gymnastics Association. This is the 14th year in a row the gymnastics team has been ranked in the top 20. [71]

Volleyball: The Razorback volleyball team [72] practices and plays in the legendary Barnhill Arena, which used to house the men's and women's basketball teams before moving to Bud Walton Arena in 1993. The team is currently coached by Jason Watson who was hired in 2016 after Robert Pulliza, one of the nation's top recruiters, resigned from his head coaching position in 2015. Before Pulliza took over for Chris Poole in 2008, Poole's team had won 11 SEC Western Division titles from their inaugural season in 1994. As of 2013, the volleyball team has made 11 NCAA Tournament appearances. In 2015, the Razorbacks were one of just three teams ranked top 10 nationally in both hitting percentage and opponent hitting percentage. [73] In more recent years, four Razorback volleyball players were invited to the US Women's Volleyball tryouts in February 2020. [74]

Swim and Dive: The women's swim and dive team is coached by Neil Harper, who became head coach in 2016. During Harper's first season with the Razorbacks, the swim and dive team placed 11th at the SEC Conference Championship and during his second season, the team placed 10th. [75] The 2020–21 season was kicked off on November 7, with the team facing the Missouri Tigers. [76] There were fourteen events held that day and the Razorbacks won seven of them. The impressive Brooke Schultz, earned NCAA Zone qualifying scores on the 3-meter and 1-meter springboard events.

Traditions

Student body composition as of May 2, 2022
Race and ethnicity [77] Total
White 75%75
 
Hispanic 10%10
 
Other [lower-alpha 1] 5%5
 
Black 4%4
 
Asian 3%3
 
Foreign national 2%2
 
Native American 1%1
 
Economic diversity
Low-income [lower-alpha 2] 19%19
 
Affluent [lower-alpha 3] 81%81
 

Senior walk

A sample of class of 2001 graduates. Old Main Marker.JPG
A sample of class of 2001 graduates.

The names of University of Arkansas students, starting with the first senior class of 1876, are carved into one of the concrete walkways or sidewalks on campus. This tradition was started by the 1905 graduating class of students, who drew their names into the walkway in front of Old Main, the oldest building on campus. Following classes added their names for more than a decade and then the university took over responsibility for adding new classes, as well as adding the names of students who graduated prior to 1905. Through most of the 20th century, the names were impressed in wet cement using brass letters. As the campus grew, and the graduating classes got bigger, the operation became unduly time-consuming. In 1986, the university's physical plant developed a special machine called the "Senior Sand Hog" to engrave the thousands of names required each year. [78] In 2013, Facilities Management found an accelerated level of weakening and crumbling of the first 50 years of Senior Walk. In 2020, to preserve the walk, the university replaced the original Senior Walk with high-grade monumental concrete, reinforced with steel bar, and the names were sandblasted in their original handwriting. The original sections of Senior Walk will be placed in Old Main for preservation of history. [79]

Spoofer's Stone

Spoofer's Stone after its 2020 repair. 2020 spoofer's stone (2).jpg
Spoofer's Stone after its 2020 repair.

Sitting at the edge of Old Main lawn is Spoofer's Stone, a large chunk of limestone left behind by a broken oxcart after the completion of the construction of Old Main in 1875. [80] The large stone quickly became a resting spot for students. At this time, male and female students were not allowed to interact on campus. Female students began leaving letters in the rock for their male friends (or romantic interests). In 1933, the female students at the university noticed the damage done to the stone from regular wear and tear and decided to have the stone mounted in a concrete base. A plaque was added to the stone commemorating the 1932-33 class who raised the money for the repair. [80] In the years after, Spoofer's Stone became a popular engagement spot for couples who met while attending the University of Arkansas. [81] It became tradition for couples who were engaged there to chip off a small piece of the stone as a memento. [82]

"Calling the Hogs"

Fans of the University of Arkansas have been "Calling the Hogs" since the 1920s. This tradition, which refers to the school's most popular cheer at sporting events, is said to have begun when a group of farmers attending a game began issuing hog calls to encourage a lagging Razorback football team. The encouragement worked and the attending crowd took notice of the farmers' calling. By the next game, a group of men had organized to cry "Wooo, Pig, Sooie". The call has since become the school's best-known cheer.

Alma mater

The University of Arkansas Alma Mater was written in 1909 by Brodie Payne, an alumnus of the University of Arkansas. [83] Henry D. Tovey, director of the Glee Club at the time, set the song to music. [83]

Fight song

Originally known as the "Field Song", the words and tune of the University of Arkansas Fight Song were written in 1913 by William Edwin Douglas while he was an undergraduate. Music was added by Henry D. Tovey, Douglas's music professor, and the song eventually became adopted as the "Arkansas Fight Song". [84]

School colors and mascot

The school color of cardinal red (Pantone #201) was chosen as the official school color by a vote of the student body in 1895. The two color choices were cardinal and heliotrope. White was added as a complementary color at a later date.

Tusk, the live mascot for the University of Arkansas. TuskMascot2.JPG
Tusk, the live mascot for the University of Arkansas.

The University of Arkansas mascot has not always been the Razorbacks. From 1894, when the football program began, until 1910, the official mascot was the Cardinals to complement the school color of cardinal red. In 1909, according to school lore, the head football coach Hugo Bezdek gave a speech to a large group of students at the Fayetteville train station after returning from a victory over LSU in 1909 during an undefeated season. Coach Bezdek informed the crowd that his team had performed "like a wild band of Razorback hogs." Although students had begun referring to the team as the Razorbacks as early as 1907, Bezdek's statement popularized the use of Razorback for the team. The Razorback, which is characterized by a ridged back and tenacious wild fighting ability, had long been associated with the backwoods of Arkansas. The students loved the comparison, and the nickname became increasingly popular. In 1910, the student body voted to change the official university mascot from the Cardinal to the Razorback.

Live hogs were occasionally brought to football games as early as the 1920s, but providing a permanent live mascot dates back to the 1960s and a number of hogs have represented Arkansas since then. Tusk, a 380-pound Russian boar that closely resembles a wild razorback hog, is the current official live mascot. He resides on a local farm and leaves his home to attend all Arkansas home football games, and other select events.

Additionally, the University of Arkansas has a family of uniformed mascots. "Big Red", (also known as the "Fighting Razorback"), is the traditional mascot for the university and attends all athletic events. "Sue E" is the female hog and "Pork Chop" is the kid mascot. "Boss Hog" is a nine-foot inflatable mascot that joined the mascot family during the 1998–99 football season. [85]

The Razorback Marching Band in formation at Razorback Stadium. 09-02-06-UArkBand-A.jpg
The Razorback Marching Band in formation at Razorback Stadium.

Razorback Marching Band

The Razorback Marching Band, one of the oldest collegiate bands in the United States, was formed in 1874 as the Cadet Corps Band as part of the military art department. [86] The band participated in all the formalities of the Military Art Department, as well as playing for football games, pageants, and commencement exercises. In 1947, following a steady post World War II growth, the Cadet Corp Band was divided into the three current bands, a football band, a concert band, and an R.O.T.C. band. In 1956, the band adopted the name "Marching Razorbacks." In 2006, the Razorback Marching Band was awarded the highest honor bestowed upon a collegiate marching band, the Sudler Trophy. The band has also performed at the 2011 Allstate Sugar Bowl, the 2012 AT&T Cotton Bowl Classic, many other bowl games and even at Dallas Cowboys football games. As of 2020, the 350-member Razorback Marching Band, along with the Hogwild Pep Band and four concert bands, make up over two percent of the university's undergraduate population. [86]

Schola Cantorum

The University of Arkansas Schola Cantorum was created in 1957 by founding director Richard Brothers. Since then, Schola Cantorum has proudly represented the University of Arkansas across the country and on various international concert tours. In 1962, Schola Cantorum was the first choir to win The Guido d'Arezzo Award—at the prestigious International Polyphonic Competition in Arezzo, Italy. [87] [88] In honor of its achievement, Schola Cantorum soon after appeared on NBC TV's "Today Show" and performed for U.S. President John F. Kennedy in the White House Rose Garden. [89] At every graduation ceremony, Schola Cantorum sings the National Anthem, the alma mater, and an invocation. As of 2012, the choir is under the direction of Stephen Caldwell. The choir participates at national and global events, as well as a number of events on campus. [90]

Clubs and organizations

There are over 350 registered student organizations on campus including special interest, religious, international and cultural organizations, honorary and professional service groups, and more.

The most recognized student organization on campus is the Associated Student Government, sometimes simply called "ASG." The student government is active in managing student fees, meeting with key university administrators and is actively involved in many important decisions made on the University of Arkansas Campus. Perhaps the most significant program on campus, ASG, along with University Parking & Razorback Transit, and with the support of the DRJ-III Memorial Foundation, manage the Safe Ride program which gives students a safe ride home from any unsafe or uncomfortable situation.

Arkansas is home of The Razorback, a national award-winning student yearbook, UATV, a student-run television station, and The Arkansas Traveler, a national-award-winning student newspaper established in 1906. The university is also home to two radio stations: KUAF, a public radio station and NPR affiliate, and KXUA, an eclectic student-run station.

The University of Arkansas Press is known for publishing works on local and Southern history, as well as its strong poetry series, including books of poetry by former President Jimmy Carter and the former national poet laureate Billy Collins.

Distinguished Lecture and Headliner Series

Two of the most visible student-run organizations on campus are the Distinguished Lectures Committee and Headliners Concert Series. Notable speakers and bands to visit the University of Arkansas as a result of these organizations include lectures by Ehud Barak, [91] Benazir Bhutto, [91] Dave Barry, [92] [91] George H. W. Bush, [91] James Carville, [92] Anderson Cooper, [91] Geraldine Ferraro, [93] Al Franken, [94] Malcolm Gladwell, [94] Magic Johnson, [95] James Earl Jones, [96] Martin Luther King III, [97] T. Boone Pickens, [98] Mary Matalin, [92] Ehud Olmert, [99] Apolo Ohno, [94] Robert Redford, [96] Salman Rushdie, [96] Ben Stein, [94] Joseph Taylor, [100] Tenzin Gyatso, 14th Dalai Lama., [101] Nikki Giovanni, [102] Aron Ralston, [103] General Wesley Clark, [104] Elie Wiesel, [105] and Jane Goodall. [106] Past concerts were headlined by Dierks Bentley, [107] the Foo Fighters, [108] John Mayer, [109] O.A.R., [110] The Roots, [107] T.I., [107] Third Eye Blind, [107] and Snoop Dogg. [107]

Greek life

There are dozens of fraternities and sororities on campus. 31% of University of Arkansas students participate in Greek Life.

Notable people

Though neither attended the university, both President Bill Clinton and presidential nominee Hillary Clinton taught at the university's law school in the early 1970s. The house where they lived in Fayetteville is now a historic site and museum. [111]

The University of Arkansas Alumni Association operates chapters in 30 states throughout the United States. [112] Throughout the university's history, faculty, alumni, and former students have played prominent roles in many different fields. Among its Distinguished Alumni is Ricardo Martinelli, former president of the Republic of Panama from 2009 to 2014. [113] Seventeen Arkansas graduates have held the position of governor, including the former Governor of Arkansas Asa Hutchinson. [114] [115] [116] Twenty-six University of Arkansas graduates have also represented the state of Arkansas in the United States House of Representatives, including at least one in every Congress from the start of the 57th Congress in 1901 to 2009. [117] [118] [119] Six Arkansas graduates have also held at least one US Senate seat from Arkansas since 1945. From 1979 to 2003, both seats were held by Arkansas graduates: the late J. William Fulbright [120] and current US Senator John Boozman. [121]

Arkansas alumni have also become prominent in the music world. Singer songwriter Ben Rector graduated from The University of Arkansas in 2009. [122] A notable single of his includes "Brand New", which was featured in the trailer for the Nicholas Sparks film The Choice. [123] [124]

Arkansas alumni have made contributions to the business world and academia. These alumni include Dallas Cowboys owner Jerry Jones. [125] Other Arkansas business alumni include executives of major corporations like S. Robson Walton of Wal-Mart, Scott T. Ford of Alltel, and Ed Wilson of Fox Broadcasting Company & Tribune Broadcasting. [126] [127] [128] [129] [130] Other Arkansas alumni have also held chancellor and president positions at numerous universities, including John Tyler Caldwell, who served as the chancellor of North Carolina State University, and Ray Thornton, who served as president of Arkansas State University. [131] [132]

Arkansas alumni have also made contributions to professional sports. Arkansas Razorbacks have moved on to play in the NFL, NBA, WNBA, and MLB. Notable alumni in the world of sports include MLB Cy Young Award winning pitcher Cliff Lee and seven-time NBA All Star Joe Johnson. [133] [134] Others former Razorbacks include 10 Olympians who have won 14 Olympic medals including Mike Conley, Sr. who won Olympics medals at the 1984 and 1992 Olympics. [135] [136] Eight Pro Football Hall of Famers including Dan Hampton attended the University of Arkansas. [137]

See also

Notes

  1. Other consists of Multiracial Americans & those who prefer to not say.
  2. The percentage of students who received an income-based federal Pell grant intended for low-income students.
  3. The percentage of students who are a part of the American middle class at the bare minimum.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fayetteville, Arkansas</span> City in Arkansas, United States

Fayetteville is the 2nd most populous city in Arkansas, the county seat of Washington County, and the most populous city in Northwest Arkansas. The city is on the outskirts of the Boston Mountains, deep within the Ozarks. Known as Washington until 1829, the city was named after Fayetteville, Tennessee, from which many of the settlers had come. It was incorporated on November 3, 1836, and was rechartered in 1867. Fayetteville is included in the three-county Northwest Arkansas Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is ranked 100th in terms of population in the United States with 576,403 in 2022 according to the United States Census Bureau. The city had a population of 99,285 in 2022.

John Franklin Broyles was an American college football player and coach, college athletics administrator, and broadcaster. He served as the head football coach for one season at the University of Missouri in 1957 and at the University of Arkansas from 1958 to 1976, compiling a career coaching record of 149–62–6. Broyles was also the athletic director at Arkansas from 1974 to 2007. His mark of 144–58–5 in 19 seasons at the helm of the Arkansas Razorbacks football gives him the most wins and the most coached games of any head coach in program history. With Arkansas, Broyles won seven Southwest Conference titles and his 1964 team was named a national champion by a number of selectors including the Football Writers Association of America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arkansas Razorbacks</span> Intercollegiate sports teams of the University of Arkansas

The Arkansas Razorbacks, also known as the Hogs, are the intercollegiate athletics teams representing the University of Arkansas, located in Fayetteville. The University of Arkansas student body voted to change the name of the school mascot in 1910 to the Arkansas Razorbacks after a hard-fought battle against LSU in which they were said to play like a "wild band of Razorback hogs" by former coach Hugo Bezdek. The Arkansas Razorbacks are the only major sports team in the U.S. with a porcine nickname, though the Texas A&M–Kingsville Javelinas play in Division II.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Houston Nutt</span> American football player and coach (born 1957)

Houston Dale Nutt Jr. is a former American football player and coach. He formerly worked for CBS Sports as a college football studio analyst. Previously, he served as the head football coach at Murray State University (1993–1996), Boise State University (1997), the University of Arkansas (1998–2007), and the University of Mississippi (2008–2011). Nutt's all-time career winning percentage is just under 59 percent.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dave Van Horn</span> American baseball coach

David Kevin Van Horn is an American baseball coach and former infielder, who is the current head baseball coach of the Arkansas Razorbacks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bud Walton Arena</span> Indoor arena at the University of Arkansas

Bud Walton Arena is the home to the men's and women's basketball teams of the University of Arkansas, known as the Razorbacks. It is located on the campus of the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville, Arkansas and has a seating capacity of 19,368, which is the fifth largest for an on-campus arena in the United States.

There are many buildings on the campus of the University of Arkansas. Most of the historic structures are part of the University of Arkansas Campus Historic District on the National Register of Historic Places. This article focuses on the non-listed buildings.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arkansas Razorbacks football</span> College football team of the University of Arkansas

The Arkansas Razorbacks football program represents the University of Arkansas in the sport of American football. The Razorbacks compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Western Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC). The program has one national championship awarded by the Football Writers Association of America (FWAA) and Helms Athletic Foundation (HAF) in 1964 and one national championship awarded by the Rothman Foundation for the Analysis of Competitions and Tournaments in 1977. The school does not claim the 1977 title. The program began in 1894 and has compiled an all-time record of 736–531–40, for a .578 winning percentage. The Razorbacks have won 13 conference championships and have had 58 players named honored as All-Americans.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arkansas Razorbacks men's basketball</span> NCAA Division I mens basketball team

The Arkansas Razorbacks men's basketball team represents the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville, Arkansas in NCAA Division I men's basketball competition. The team competes in the Southeastern Conference. Arkansas plays its home games in Bud Walton Arena on the University of Arkansas campus. The Razorbacks are a top-twenty-five program all-time by winning percentage (.641), top-twenty program by NCAA tournament games played, top-twenty program by NCAA Tournament games won, top-fifteen program by Final Four appearances, and despite playing significantly fewer seasons than most programs in major conferences, top-thirty by all-time wins. Under the coaching leadership of Nolan Richardson, the Hogs won the national championship in 1994, defeating Duke, and appeared in the championship game the following year, finishing as runner-up. The Razorbacks have made six NCAA Final Four appearances.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arkansas–Texas A&M football rivalry</span> American college football rivalry

The Arkansas–Texas A&M football rivalry is an American college football rivalry between the Arkansas Razorbacks and Texas A&M Aggies, which started in 1903. Between 1992 and 2008, the schools did not play each other when Arkansas left the Southwest Conference to join the Southeastern Conference. The rivalry was renewed as a neutral-site out-of-conference contest in 2009; in 2012 it once again became a conference rivalry when Texas A&M also joined the Southeastern Conference. Arkansas leads the series 42–35–3.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arkansas Razorbacks baseball</span> Baseball team representing the University of Arkansas

The University of Arkansas Razorbacks baseball team is a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Southeastern Conference (SEC), and is coached by Dave Van Horn. The program started in 1897, and is in its 100th season of play in 2022. Arkansas is one of only four schools in the SEC to turn a profit from its baseball program in recent years, along with SEC Western division rivals LSU, Mississippi State and Ole Miss.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1993–94 Arkansas Razorbacks men's basketball team</span> American college basketball season

The 1993–94 Arkansas Razorbacks men's basketball team represented the University of Arkansas in the 1993–94 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. It was Nolan Richardson's ninth season as head coach at Arkansas. The Razorbacks played their home games at Bud Walton Arena in Fayetteville, Arkansas as members of the West Division of the Southeastern Conference. Arkansas finished the season 31–3, 14–2 in SEC play to win the West Division and regular season overall championships. The Hogs defeated Georgia in the quarterfinals of the SEC tournament before losing to Kentucky in the semifinals. The Razorbacks received an at-large bid to the NCAA tournament as the 1 seed in the Midwest Regional, their seventh straight trip to the tournament. Arkansas defeated North Carolina A&T and Georgetown to advance to the Sweet Sixteen for the fourth time in five years. There the Razorbacks defeated Tulsa and Michigan to earn a trip to the Final Four. It was Arkansas's fifth trip to the Final Four in program history. In the Final Four, they defeated Arizona before beating Duke in the National Championship game. Thanks to Scotty Thurman's high arching three-point shot with less than a minute to play in the national championship game, the team earned its first national championship in school history. Thurman's shot is known as the "Shot heard 'round Arkansas", and is considered one of the greatest plays in Arkansas Razorbacks sports history. Corliss Williamson was named the Most Outstanding Player of the tournament. 1993-94 is considered the greatest single season in Arkansas' ninety-eight year history of men's basketball.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of the University of Arkansas</span>

The History of the University of Arkansas began with its establishment in Fayetteville, Arkansas, in 1871 under the Morrill Act, as the Arkansas Industrial College. Over the period of its nearly 140-year history, the school has grown from two small buildings on a hilltop to a university with diverse colleges and prominent graduate programs. Its presidents have included Civil War general Daniel Harvey Hill, John C. Futrall, and J. William Fulbright.

The Arkansas Razorback women's golf team represents the University of Arkansas in the sport of golf. The Razorbacks compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Southeastern Conference (SEC). They play their home events on the Blessings Golf Course near the Fayetteville, Arkansas campus. They are coached by Shauna Estes-Taylor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2019–20 Arkansas Razorbacks men's basketball team</span> American college basketball season

The 2019–20 Arkansas Razorbacks men's basketball team represented the University of Arkansas during the 2019–20 season. The team was led by first-year head coach Eric Musselman, and played their home games at Bud Walton Arena in Fayetteville, Arkansas as a member of the Southeastern Conference. The Razorbacks finished with a record of 20–12 (7–11), with junior Mason Jones earning a share of the SEC Player of the Year award and being named a consensus First-Team All-SEC player.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2019 Arkansas Razorbacks women's soccer team</span> American college soccer season

The 2019 Arkansas Razorbacks women's soccer team represents the University of Arkansas during the 2019 NCAA Division I women's soccer season. This season is the 34th in program history. The Razorbacks play their home games at Razorback Field in Fayetteville and are led by eighth-year head coach Colby Hale.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2020–21 Arkansas Razorbacks men's basketball team</span> American college basketball season

The 2020–21 Arkansas Razorbacks men's basketball team represented the University of Arkansas during the 2020–21 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The team was led by second-year head coach Eric Musselman and played its home games at Bud Walton Arena in Fayetteville, Arkansas, as a member of the Southeastern Conference. The Razorbacks finished second in the SEC regular season and earned a 3 seed in the NCAA Tournament's South Regional. Arkansas went on to make it to the Sweet Sixteen of the NCAA Tournament for the first time since the 1995–96 season, and then to the Elite Eight for the first time since the 1994–95 season. Freshman guard Moses Moody was named the SEC Freshman of the Year, 1st Team All-SEC, Freshman All-American, and AP Honorable Mention All-American. The Razorbacks finished the season with an overall record of 25–7, 13–4 in SEC play, and finished ranked #6 in the Coaches Poll and #10 in the AP Poll. Arkansas's season ended when they lost to eventual national champion Baylor in the Elite Eight.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2020 Arkansas Razorbacks women's soccer team</span> American college soccer season

The 2020 Arkansas Razorbacks women's soccer team represents the University of Arkansas during the 2020 NCAA Division I women's soccer season. This season is the 35th in program history. The Razorbacks play their home games at Razorback Field in Fayetteville and are led by ninth-year head coach Colby Hale.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1957–58 Arkansas Razorbacks men's basketball team</span> American college basketball season

The 1957–58 Arkansas Razorbacks men's basketball team represented the University of Arkansas in the 1957–58 college basketball season. The Razorbacks played their home games in Barnhill Arena in Fayetteville, Arkansas. Arkansas competed in the Southwest Conference. It was former Razorback All-American Glen Rose's sixth season in his second stint as head coach of the Hogs and fifteenth season overall as Arkansas's coach. The Razorbacks tied for the Southwest Conference championship with a record of 9–5 against SWC teams and 17–10 overall. Arkansas earned the SWC's bid to the NCAA Tournament, but lost both its second-round game and regional consolation match. The Oklahoma State team that beat Arkansas in the Sweet Sixteen featured future Razorback head coach Eddie Sutton at point guard.

References

  1. Cited by Daniel B. Levine, "Combat Veterans' Experiences in Ancient Greek Literature" (2012)
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Quick Facts". University of Arkansas. Retrieved December 27, 2023.
  3. "IPEDS-University of Arkansas".
  4. "Official Colors". Style Guides and Logos–University Relations. University of Arkansas. Retrieved July 12, 2019.
  5. "Campus Map & Visitor's Guide." University of Arkansas. Zoomable Map.. Retrieved April 7, 2010.
  6. University of Arkansas, 2008, p. 21
  7. "Buildings | Facilities Management University of Arkansas". fama.uark.edu. Retrieved November 5, 2017.
  8. 1 2 3 "University of Arkansas Quick Facts". uark.edu. Retrieved July 25, 2019.
  9. "Carnegie Classifications Institution Lookup". carnegieclassifications.iu.edu. Center for Postsecondary Education. Retrieved July 19, 2020.
  10. "Table 20. Higher education R&D expenditures, ranked by FY 2018 R&D expenditures: FYs 2009–18". ncsesdata.nsf.gov. National Science Foundation . Retrieved July 20, 2020.
  11. "Quick Facts | University of Arkansas". www.uark.edu. Retrieved December 27, 2023.
  12. "Overview and Points of Pride." Profile. Archived June 8, 2011, at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on May 10, 2009.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Reynolds, History of the University of Arkansas
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Robert A. Leflar, The First 100 Years: Centennial History of the University of Arkansas,(Fayetteville, Arkansas: University of Arkansas Foundation, Inc., 1972)
  15. "The Grades of James McGahee". Fayetteville Manuscripts. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
  16. "President's Message: A Look Back | Arkansas Alumni Association's Blog". blog.arkansasalumni.org. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
  17. "Encyclopedia of Arkansas". Encyclopedia of Arkansas.
  18. "Before Little Rock: Successful Arkansas School Integration". University of Arkansas. September 10, 2007. Retrieved September 13, 2020.
  19. "CONTENTdm". digitalcollections.uark.edu. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
  20. "Encyclopedia of Arkansas". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
  21. 1 2 3 The Silas Hunt Legacy. University of Arkansas. 1993.
  22. Nichols, Guerdon D. (1968). "Breaking the Color Barrier at the University of Arkansas". The Arkansas Historical Quarterly. 27 (1): 3–21. doi:10.2307/40018323. ISSN   0004-1823. JSTOR   40018323.
  23. Moon, Henry Lee, ed. (November 1970). "University of Arkansas Is First". The Crisis. New York, NY: The Crisis Publishing Company, Inc. 77 (9): 331–332. Retrieved May 14, 2022.
  24. "Edith Irby Jones, M.D." Bethesda, Maryland: National Library of Medicine. 2005. Retrieved May 13, 2022.
  25. 1 2 "Celebrating 50 Years | University of Arkansas". fulbright.uark.edu. Retrieved November 13, 2020.
  26. 1 2 3 "Honoring Two Campus Heroes: Margaret Clark and Gordon Morgan | Fulbright REVIEW". fulbrightreview.uark.edu. Retrieved November 13, 2020.
  27. "About the Program | University of Arkansas". fulbright.uark.edu. Retrieved November 13, 2020.
  28. "Jordan Named U of A Faculty Athletics Representative to NCAA and SEC". University of Arkansas News. Retrieved November 13, 2020.
  29. "Forbes America's Top Colleges List 2023". Forbes . Retrieved September 22, 2023.
  30. "Wall Street Journal/Times Higher Education College Rankings 2022". The Wall Street Journal/Times Higher Education . Retrieved July 26, 2022.
  31. "2023-2024 Best National Universities". U.S. News & World Report . Retrieved September 22, 2023.
  32. "2022 National University Rankings". Washington Monthly . Retrieved September 13, 2022.
  33. "ShanghaiRanking's Academic Ranking of World Universities". Shanghai Ranking Consultancy. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  34. "QS World University Rankings 2024: Top global universities". Quacquarelli Symonds . Retrieved June 27, 2023.
  35. "World University Rankings 2024". Times Higher Education . Retrieved September 27, 2023.
  36. "2022-23 Best Global Universities Rankings". U.S. News & World Report . Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  37. "University of Arkansas." Academics. Archived May 23, 2010, at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on May 20, 2010.
  38. "Colleges" Archived May 31, 2010, at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on May 20, 2010.
  39. "News – Arkansas Newswire". newswire.uark.edu. May 18, 2005. Retrieved December 12, 2011.
  40. Glen Bennett; Rob Yallop & Ralph S. Wilcox (August 14, 2011). "National Register of Historic Places Registration: University of Arkansas Campus Historic District" (PDF). National Park Service . Retrieved August 14, 2011.
  41. "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form – University of Arkansas Campus Historic District" (PDF). National Register of Historic PlacesNational Park Service. p. 10. Retrieved August 14, 2011.
  42. "Senior Walk | University of Arkansas". registrar.uark.edu. Retrieved November 6, 2017.
  43. "The 25 Best High School Athletic Programs". Sports Illustrated. August 14, 2011.
  44. "America's Best High Schools: The List". Newsweek . 2010. Archived from the original on August 17, 2011. Retrieved August 14, 2011.
  45. "Visions & Goals". University of Arkansas. Retrieved March 8, 2014.
  46. "University of Arkansas Climate Action Plan" (PDF). University of Arkansas Sustainability Council. September 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 27, 2013. Retrieved March 8, 2014.
  47. "District Energy Systems, Proposed Energy Savings Project". University of Arkansas.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  48. NCAA Championships listing Archived April 19, 2008, at the Wayback Machine NCAA. NCAA.org. Retrieved April 4, 2010.
  49. NCAA Division 1 Champions Archived June 11, 2011, at the Wayback Machine NCAA. NCAA.org. Retrieved September 5, 2010.
  50. "Arkansas to merge men's, women's athletic programs". ESPN. Associated Press. November 15, 2007. Retrieved November 20, 2007.
  51. "NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records" (PDF). National Collegiate Athletic Association. 2009. pp. 62–63. Retrieved December 16, 2011.
  52. 1 2 Henry, Orville; Bailey, Jim (1996). The Razorbacks: A Story of Arkansas Football. Fayetteville, Arkansas: University of Arkansas Press. ISBN   978-1-55728-430-3.
  53. Harris, Jim (August 21, 2008). "Razorbacks Far From Deserting War Memorial Stadium". Arkansas Sports 360. Archived from the original on May 7, 2012. Retrieved December 16, 2011.
  54. Dufresne, Chris (November 20, 2011). "In BCS standings, it's 1-2-3 for the SEC!". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 16, 2011.
  55. "The 50 Largest Arenas". Pearson Education. February 1, 2009. Retrieved January 19, 2012.
  56. "Arkansas Basketball" (PDF). University of Arkansas Athletics. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 11, 2013. Retrieved January 19, 2012.
  57. "A Look Back at the Southwest Conference". Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved January 19, 2012.
  58. "W. Basketball Program History". Arkansas Razorbacks. May 18, 2015. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
  59. "SEC Women's Basketball Bracket". www.secsports.com. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
  60. "Razorbacks Come in at 22 in First AP Top 25 of 2019-20 Season". Arkansas Razorbacks. October 30, 2019. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
  61. Staff (June 8, 2009). "Van Horn Headed Back to Omaha". Nebraska State Paper. Archived from the original on July 26, 2012. Retrieved January 19, 2012.
  62. Rogers, Kendall (October 28, 2008). "Rivals 10: College Baseball's Best Stadiums". Rivals.com . Retrieved May 10, 2009.
  63. "University of Arkansas Razorback Athletic Facilities Master Plan" (PDF). University of Arkansas Athletic Department. October 18, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2012.[ permanent dead link ]
  64. "History of Women's Athletics in the SEC". www.secsports.com. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
  65. "NCAA Men's Div 1 Indoor Championships" . Retrieved December 31, 2013.
  66. "NCAA Men's Div 1 Outdoor Championships" . Retrieved December 31, 2013.
  67. "NCAA Men's Div 1 Cross Country Championships" . Retrieved December 31, 2013.
  68. "Women's Track and Field Team Win Championship" . Retrieved April 16, 2015.
  69. "On This Day: Arkansas Wins 2019 NCAA Outdoor Championship". Arkansas Razorbacks. June 8, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
  70. "Wieber Names Catelyn Orel Assistant Gymnastics Coach". Arkansas Razorbacks. May 29, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
  71. "2020 Season Begins in Gainesville for Razorback Gymnastics", arkansasrazorbacks.com/, January 10, 2020, retrieved November 9, 2020
  72. "Volleyball Other Records". Arkansas Razorbacks. November 7, 2014. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
  73. "Volleyball in Top 30 NCAA Statistical Rankings". Arkansas Razorbacks. September 14, 2015. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
  74. "Four Hogs Invited to US Women's National Volleyball Team Open Tryouts". Arkansas Razorbacks. February 19, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
  75. "Neil Harper". Arkansas Razorbacks. May 4, 2016. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
  76. "Razorback Swim and Dive kick off 2020-21 Season at Missouri". Arkansas Razorbacks. November 6, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
  77. "College Scorecard: University of Arkansas". United States Department of Education . Retrieved May 8, 2022.
  78. "Senior Walk | University of Arkansas". Campusmaps.uark.edu. Archived from the original on August 13, 2011. Retrieved January 24, 2011.
  79. "Old Main and First 50 Years of Senior Walk Reopen After Renovation". University of Arkansas News. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
  80. 1 2 "Spoofer's Stone". www.arkansasalumni.org. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
  81. "Serving Arkansas and Beyond". University of Arkansas. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
  82. "Beloved 'Spoofers Stone' on campus damaged in construction accident". Fayetteville Flyer. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
  83. 1 2 Batra, Amit. "Arkansas Football: 5 Best Razorback Traditions Every Fan Should Experience". Bleacher Report. Retrieved February 20, 2019.
  84. Stigar, Karen. "UofA Celebrates 100th Anniversary of Fight Song". The Arkansas Traveler. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
  85. "TRADITIONS – University of Arkansas Athletics". Hogwired.com. Retrieved January 25, 2011.
  86. 1 2 "History | University of Arkansas". fulbright.uark.edu. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
  87. John F. Kennedy, , The President's News Conference, August 29, 1962 – Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, The American Presidency Project.
  88. Northwest Arkansas Times, , University Chorus Wins International Laurels, August 25, 1962
  89. John F. Kennedy, , Remarks to University of Arkansas Schola Cantorum, September 4, 1962 – Online by John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum.
  90. "Choral Arts History | University of Arkansas". fulbright.uark.edu. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
  91. 1 2 3 4 5 "Newswire" Former President George H.W. Bush to speak at University of Arkansas Retrieved October 5, 2010.
  92. 1 2 3 "Newswire" All's Fair: Carville and Matalin to Talk Love, War and Politics Retrieved October 5, 2010.
  93. "Newswire" Ferraro to Give Distinguished Lecture Retrieved October 5, 2010.
  94. 1 2 3 4 "Newswire" Olympic Medalist, Best-Selling Author Next Distinguished Lecturers at University of Arkansas Retrieved October 5, 2010.
  95. "Newswire" "Magic" Johnson to speak Retrieved October 5, 2010.
  96. 1 2 3 "Newswire" Rushdie to Give Distinguished Lecture Retrieved October 5, 2010.
  97. "Newswire" Martin Luther King III to Speak at University of Arkansas Retrieved October 5, 2010.
  98. "Newswire" T. Boone Pickens to Bring Energy Independence Message to University of Arkansas Retrieved October 5, 2010.
  99. "Newswire" Former Israeli Prime Minister to Speak at University of Arkansas Retrieved October 5, 2010.
  100. "Newswire" Nobel Physicist Joseph Taylor to Deliver 2009 Maurer Distinguished Lecture Retrieved October 5, 2010.
  101. "Newswire" His Holiness the Dalai Lama to Visit the University of Arkansas in May 2011 Retrieved October 5, 2010
  102. Voorhies, Steve. "Nikki Giovanni First Speaker in Fall Distinguished Lecture Series" . Retrieved September 17, 2017.
  103. Voorhies, Steve. "Aron Ralston, Mountaineer, Extreme Survivor, to Speak at University" . Retrieved September 17, 2017.
  104. Voorhies, Steve. "Gen. Wesley Clark to Speak as Part of Veteran's Day Celebration" . Retrieved September 17, 2017.
  105. Voorhies, Steve. "Author, Holocaust Survivor, Peace Prize Winner Expected to Fill Walton Arts Center" . Retrieved September 17, 2017.
  106. "University of Arkansas". honorscollege.uark.edu. Archived from the original on June 23, 2015. Retrieved September 17, 2017.
  107. 1 2 3 4 5 "Calendar" Dierks Bentley Concert Tickets Retrieved October 5, 2010.
  108. "Newswire" University of Arkansas Headliner Concerts Committee Brings Third Eye Blind to Barnhill Arena Retrieved October 5, 2010.
  109. "Newswire" Hip-Hop Legends, The Roots, to Play at UA Retrieved October 5, 2010.
  110. "Newswire" University Headliner Concerts Committee Brings O.A.R. to Barnhill Arena on Nov. 10 Retrieved October 5, 2010.
  111. "William Jefferson Clinton". Clinton House Museum.
  112. "Chapter Network". Arkansas Alumni Association. Retrieved July 31, 2008.
  113. Page, Eric. "Arkansas alum wins Panama election". Archived from the original on July 25, 2011. Retrieved August 13, 2008.
  114. "Election Results". elections.nj.com. Retrieved August 13, 2008.[ permanent dead link ]
  115. "Arkansas Governor Profile". Arkansas. Archived from the original on August 24, 2010. Retrieved August 13, 2008.
  116. Governors of Arkansas Archived July 11, 2010, at the Wayback Machine Old State House. oldstatehouse.com. Retrieved July 4, 2010
  117. House of Representatives Archived January 19, 2012, at the Wayback Machine The Clerk of the HOR. house.gov. Retrieved July 4, 2010.
  118. House of Representatives Archived July 7, 2010, at the Wayback Machine Biography of John Boozman. house.gov. Retrieved July 4, 2010.
  119. US Congress Biography of Marion Berry. congress.gov. Retrieved July 4, 2010.
  120. Apple, R. W. Jr. (February 10, 1995). "J. William Fulbright, Senate Giant, Is Dead at 89". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved December 20, 2017.
  121. Kim, Mallie Jane. "10 Things You Didn't Know About John Boozman". U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on January 18, 2011.
  122. Writer, JENNIFER CHANCELLOR World Scene. "Tulsa native Ben Rector shoots to stardom on his own steam". Tulsa World. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
  123. "Ben Rector". Billboard. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
  124. "12 Ben Rector Songs You Should Already Know - Beyond The Stage Magazine". www.beyondthestagemagazine.com. March 18, 2016. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
  125. bio of Jerry Archived March 5, 2010, at the Wayback Machine Dallas Cowboys. dallascowboys.com. Retrieved July 4, 2010.
  126. Bio of S Walton Walmartstores.com. Retrieved July 4, 2010.
  127. Mars Family Forbes. Forbes.com. Retrieved July 4, 2010.
  128. Scott Ford [ dead link ] Forbes.com. Retrieved July 4, 2010.
  129. Executives of Verizon Verizon. verizon.com. Retrieved July 4, 2010.
  130. Ed Wilson Tribune Company. Tribune.com. Retrieved July 4, 2010.
  131. Bio of Mullins Archived August 13, 2011, at the Wayback Machine University of Arkansas. uark.edu. Retrieved July 4, 2010
  132. Bio of Ray Thornton Congress. Congress.gov. Retrieved July 4, 2010.
  133. Bio of Cliff Lee MLB. MLB.com. Retrieved July 4, 2010.
  134. Bio of Joe Johnson NBA. NBA.com. Retrieved July 4, 2010.
  135. UST HOF US Track. usatf.org. Retrieved July 4, 2010.
  136. History of US Olympians US Track and Field. usatf.org. Retrieved July 4, 2010.
  137. Pro football hall of fame NFL. profootballhof.com. Retrieved July 4, 2010.

Further reading