Discipline | Multidisciplinary |
---|---|
Language | English |
Edited by | May Berenbaum |
Publication details | |
History | 1915–present |
Publisher | United States National Academy of Sciences (United States) |
Frequency | Weekly |
Hybrid, delayed (after 6 months) | |
11.1 (2022) | |
Standard abbreviations | |
ISO 4 | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |
Indexing | |
CODEN | PNASA6 |
ISSN | 0027-8424 (print) 1091-6490 (web) |
LCCN | 16010069 |
JSTOR | 00278424 |
OCLC no. | 43473694 |
Links | |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (often abbreviated PNAS or PNAS USA) is a peer-reviewed multidisciplinary scientific journal. It is the official journal of the National Academy of Sciences, published since 1915, and publishes original research, scientific reviews, commentaries, and letters. According to Journal Citation Reports , the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 11.1. [1] PNAS is the second most cited scientific journal, with more than 1.9 million cumulative citations from 2008 to 2018. [2] In the mass media, PNAS has been described variously as "prestigious", [3] [4] "sedate", [5] "renowned" [6] and "high impact". [7]
PNAS is a delayed open-access journal, with an embargo period of six months that can be bypassed for an author fee (hybrid open access). Since September 2017, open access articles are published under a Creative Commons license. Since January 2019, PNAS has been online-only, although print issues are available on demand.
PNAS was established by the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) in 1914, [note 1] [8] [9] : 30 with its first issue published in 1915. The NAS itself was founded in 1863 as a private institution, but chartered by the United States Congress, with the goal to "investigate, examine, experiment and report upon any subject of science or art."
Prior to the inception of PNAS, the National Academy of Sciences published three volumes of organizational transactions, consisting mostly of minutes of meetings and annual reports. For much of the journal's history, PNAS published brief first announcements of Academy members' and associates' contributions to research. [10] In December 1995, [11] PNAS opened submissions to all authors without first needing to be sponsored by an NAS member.
Members were allowed to communicate up to two papers from non-members to PNAS every year. The review process for these papers was anonymous in that the identities of the referees were not revealed to the authors. Referees were selected by the NAS member. [10] [12] [13] PNAS eliminated communicated submissions through NAS members as of July 1,2010 [update] , while continuing to make the final decision on all PNAS papers. [14]
95% of papers are peer reviewed Direct Submissions and 5% are contributed submissions. [15] [16] [ failed verification ]
In 2022 NAS established PNAS Nexus, an interdisciplinary open-access journal published by Oxford Academic. [17] [18]
In 2003, PNAS issued an editorial stating its policy on publication of sensitive material in the life sciences. [19] PNAS stated that it would "continue to monitor submitted papers for material that may be deemed inappropriate and that could, if published, compromise the public welfare." This statement was in keeping with the efforts of several other journals. [20] [21] In 2005 PNAS published an article titled "Analyzing a bioterror attack on the food supply: The case of botulinum toxin in milk", [22] despite objections raised by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. [23] The paper was published with a commentary by the president of the Academy at the time, Bruce Alberts, titled "Modeling attacks on the food supply". [24]
The controversial Younger Dryas impact hypothesis, which evolved directly from pseudoscience and now forms the basis for the pseudoarchaeology of Graham Hancock's Ancient Apocalypse, was first published in PNAS using a nonstandard review system, according to a comprehensive refutation by Holliday et al (2023). [25] According to this 2023 review, "Claiming evidence where none exists and providing misleading citations may be accidental, but when conducted repeatedly, it becomes negligent and undermines scientific advancement as well as the credibility of science itself. Also culpable is the failure of the peer review process to prevent such errors of fact from entering the literature. The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 'contributed review' system for National Academy members...is at least partially responsible. The 'pal reviews' (as some refer to them) were significantly curtailed in 2010, in part due to the YDIH controversy."
The following people have been editors-in-chief of the journal:
The first managing editor of the journal was mathematician Edwin Bidwell Wilson.
Randy Wayne Schekman is an American cell biologist at the University of California, Berkeley, former editor-in-chief of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences and former editor of Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology. In 2011, he was announced as the editor of eLife, a new high-profile open-access journal published by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, the Max Planck Society and the Wellcome Trust launching in 2012. He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1992. Schekman shared the 2013 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine with James Rothman and Thomas C. Südhof for their ground-breaking work on cell membrane vesicle trafficking.
Edward Wilber Berry was an American paleontologist and botanist; the principal focus of his research was paleobotany.
Václav Hlavatý was a noted Czech-American mathematician, who wrote on the theory of relativity and corresponded extensively with Albert Einstein on the subject. In particular, Hlavatý solved some very difficult equations relating to Einstein's Unified field theory, which was featured in the news media as one of the great scientific achievements of 1953. Einstein himself was reported to have said that if anyone could solve the equations it would be Professor Hlavatý, which proved to be the case.
Ivan Antonio Izquierdo was an Argentine Brazilian scientist and a pioneer in the study of the neurobiology of learning and memory.
The Younger Dryas impact hypothesis (YDIH) proposes that the onset of the Younger Dryas (YD) cool period (stadial) at the end of the Last Glacial Period, around 12,900 years ago was the result of some kind of extraterrestrial event with specific details varying between publications. The hypothesis is controversial and not widely accepted by relevant experts.
James H. Fowler is an American social scientist specializing in social networks, cooperation, political participation, and genopolitics. He is currently Professor of Medical Genetics in the School of Medicine and Professor of Political Science in the Division of Social Science at the University of California, San Diego. He was named a 2010 Fellow of the John Simon Guggenheim Foundation.
Donald Irving Williamson was a British planktologist and carcinologist.
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(k) subunit alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNAI3 gene.
Stephen Levene is an American biophysicist and professor of bioengineering, molecular biology, and physics at the University of Texas at Dallas.
Steven S. Rosenfeld is an American biochemist and former researcher, who was found to have published irreproducible research, as well as having forged recommendations for himself. This was one of the first events which brought the issue of scientific misconduct to the attention of the scientific community and the American public.
Carl Theodore Bergstrom is a theoretical and evolutionary biologist and a professor at the University of Washington in Seattle, Washington, United States. Bergstrom is a critic of low-quality or misleading scientific research. He is the co-author of a book on misinformation called Calling Bullshit: The Art of Skepticism in a Data-Driven World and teaches a class by the same name at University of Washington.
Thomas C. Bruice was a professor of chemistry and biochemistry at University of California, Santa Barbara. He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1974. He was a pioneering researcher in the area of chemical biology, and is one of the 50 most cited chemists.
A two-state trajectory is a dynamical signal that fluctuates between two distinct values: ON and OFF, open and closed, , etc. Mathematically, the signal has, for every either the value or .
Sanjiv Sam Gambhir was an American physician–scientist. He was the Virginia and D.K. Ludwig Professor in Cancer Research, Chairman of the Department of Radiology at Stanford University School of Medicine, and a professor by courtesy in the departments of Bioengineering and Materials Science and Engineering at Stanford University. Additionally, he served as the Director of the Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection and the Precision Health and Integrated Diagnostics Center (PHIND). He authored 680 publications and had over 40 patents pending or granted. His work was featured on the cover of over 25 journals including the Nature Series, Science, and Science Translational Medicine. He was on the editorial board of several journals including Nano Letters, Nature Clinical Practice Oncology, and Science Translational Medicine. He was founder/co-founder of several biotechnology companies and also served on the scientific advisory board of multiple companies. He mentored over 150 post-doctoral fellows and graduate students from over a dozen disciplines. He was known for his work in molecular imaging of living subjects and early cancer detection.
Monica Olvera de la Cruz is a Mexican born, American and French soft-matter theorist who is the Lawyer Taylor Professor of Materials Science and Engineering and Professor of Chemistry, and by courtesy Professor of Physics and Astronomy and of Chemical and Biological Engineering, at Northwestern University.
Luís A. N. Amaral is a Portuguese physicist recognized for his research in complex systems and complex networks. His specific research interests include the emergence, evolution, and stability of complex social and biological systems. He is best known for his work in network classification and cartographic methods for uncovering the organization of complex networks. He is currently professor at McCormick School of Engineering and Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University.
Akito Y. Kawahara is an American and Japanese entomologist, scientist, and advocate of nature education, and the son of the modern conceptual artist On Kawara.
Membership of the National Academy of Sciences is an award granted to scientists that the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) of the United States judges to have made “distinguished and continuing achievements in original research”. Membership is a mark of excellence in science and one of the highest honors that a scientist can receive.
Patricia Jean Johnson is a Professor of Microbiology at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). She works on the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis, which is responsible for the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections in the United States, Trichomoniasis. She was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) in 2019.
Patricia Martin Dove is an American geochemist. She is a university distinguished professor and the C.P. Miles Professor of Science at Virginia Tech with appointments in the department of Geosciences, department of Chemistry, and department of Materials Science and Engineering. Her research focuses on the kinetics and thermodynamics of mineral reactions with aqueous solutions in biogeochemical systems. Much of her work is on crystal nucleation and growth during biomineralization and biomaterial interactions with mineralogical systems. She was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) in 2012 and currently serves as chair of Class I, Physical and Mathematical Sciences.
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: CS1 maint: ignored ISBN errors (link)Robert L. Sinsheimer is head of Caltech's biology division and chairman of the editorial board of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.