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The University of the West Indies (UWI), originally University College of the West Indies, is a public university system established to serve the higher education needs of the residents of 18 English-speaking countries and territories in the Caribbean: Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, and Turks and Caicos Islands. Each country is either a member of the Commonwealth of Nations or a British Overseas Territory. The aim of the university is to help "unlock the potential for economic and cultural growth" in the West Indies, thus allowing improved regional autonomy. The university was originally instituted as an independent external college of the University of London.
The Caribbean Examinations Council (CXC) is an examination board in the Caribbean. It was established in 1972 under agreement by the participating governments in the Caribbean Community to conduct such examinations as it may think appropriate and award certificates and diplomas on the results of any such examinations so conducted. The council is empowered to regulate the conduct of any such examinations and prescribe the qualification requirements of candidates and the fees payable by them. It is now an examining body that provides educational certifications in 16 English speaking Commonwealth Caribbean Countries and Territories and has replaced the General Certificate of Education (GCE) examinations used by England and some other members of the Commonwealth. The CXC is an institution of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM); it was recognised as an Associate Institution of the Community in the 1973 treaty that created the Caribbean Community. Members of the council are drawn from the 16 territories and the region's two universities, the University of Guyana and the University of the West Indies.
Co-founder of Jamaica AIDS Support for Life, Ian McKnight served as Executive Director for this organization from 1991 until 2002. Later he worked as Director of Targeted Interventions and Director for Social Marketing and Public Education with JASL. He then worked as Violence Prevention Specialist and Media and Communications Specialist on JA-STYLE, a USAID-funded/Ministry of Health adolescent reproductive health project.
Men's studies in the Caribbean is an emerging interdisciplinary field that has its roots in family studies programs of the 1950s and 60s, and in feminine studies programs of the 1970s and 80s. In the Caribbean, gender studies have concentrated primarily on "retrieving Caribbean women from historical 'invisibility'", but men's studies is also becoming increasingly popular.
Lucille Mathurin Mair,, was a Jamaican ambassador, author, diplomat and gender specialist. In March 1982, she became the first female Under Secretary General of the United Nations. She died aged 85 in Kingston, Jamaica.
Norman P. Girvan was a Jamaican professor, Secretary General of the Association of Caribbean States between 2000 and 2004. He was born in Saint Andrew Parish, Jamaica. He died aged 72 in Cuba on 9 April 2014, after having suffered a fall while hiking in Dominica in early 2014. He had been a member of the United Nations Committee on Development Policy since 2009, and in 2010 was appointed the UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon's personal representative on the Guyana-Venezuela border controversy. He was Professor Emeritus of the University of the West Indies (UWI).
The Caribbean Accreditation Authority for Education in Medicine and other Health Professions (CAAM-HP) is an accrediting body for the education programmes and schools of medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine, nursing and other health professions in the 15 member nations of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM). CAAM-HP was established in 2003 and is headquartered in Kingston, Jamaica.
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Sir Hilary McDonald Beckles KA is a Barbadian historian. He is the current vice-chancellor of the University of the West Indies (UWI) and chairman of the CARICOM Reparations Commission.
Gender inequality can be found in various areas of Salvadoran life such as employment, health, education, political participation, and family life. Although women in El Salvador enjoy equal protection under the law, they are often at a disadvantage relative to their male counterparts. In the area of politics, women have the same rights as men, but the percentage of women in office compared to men is low. Though much progress has been made since the Salvadoran Civil War ended in 1992, women in El Salvador still face gender inequality.
Gender inequality has been improving a lot in Bangladesh, inequalities in areas such as education and employment remain ongoing problems so women have little political freedom. In 2015, Bangladesh was ranked 139 out of 187 countries on the Human Development Index and 47 out 144 countries surveyed on the Gender Inequality Index in 2017. Many of the inequalities are result of extreme poverty and traditional gender norms centred on a patrilineal and patriarchal kinship system in rural areas.
Violet Eudine Barriteau,FB, GCM, is a professor of gender and public policy, as well as Principal of the University of the West Indies at Cave Hill. She was also the president of the International Association for Feminist Economics (IAFFE) from 2009 to 2010, and she is on the advisory editorial boards of Palimpsest: A Journal on Women, Gender, and the Black International, published by SUNY Press, and Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, published by University of Chicago Press.
Marion Bethel is an attorney, poet, essayist, filmmaker, human and gender rights activist, and writer from Nassau, The Bahamas.
Tracy S. Robinson is Jamaican attorney and lecturer in the Faculty of Law at the University of the West Indies (UWI). She served as commissioner on the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) from 2012 to 2015 and in 2014 was elected as chair of the organization. She has served as the Rapporteur on the Rights of Women since January 2012 for the Organization of American States (OAS) and helped establish the Rapporteurship on the rights of LGBTI, serving as its first Rapporteur.
Rhoda Reddock is a Trinidadian educator and social activist. She has served as founder, chair, adviser, or member of several organizations, such as the Caribbean Association for Feminist Research and Action (CAFRA), the Global Fund for Women, and the Regional Advisory Committee of the Global Poosay Coalition on Women and AIDS established by UNAIDS. In 2002 she received the Seventh CARICOM Triennial Award for Women, was Trinidad and Tobago's nominee for the International Women of Courage Award in 2008, and was honoured in her country's National Honour Awards ceremony in 2012 with the Gold Medal for the Development of Women.
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Examples of Gender inequality Papua New Guinea includes poverty, violence, limited access to education and health care, and witch hunts. Cases of violence against women in PNG are under reported. There is also a lack of services for women who experience violence. There are reports of sexual abuse by police officers, on arrest and whilst in police custody. These incidents lack documentation or investigation, consequently, perpetrators are rarely prosecuted or punished. The government of Papua New Guinea (PNG) has introduced legislation to combat these issues, though with limited success.
Verene Albertha Shepherd is a Jamaican academic who is a professor of social history at the University of the West Indies in Mona. She is the director of the university's Institute for Gender and Development Studies, and specialises in Jamaican social history and diaspora studies. She has published prolifically in journals and books on topics including Jamaican economic history during slavery, the Indian experience in Jamaica, migration and diasporas and Caribbean women's history, and is a contributor to the 2019 anthology New Daughters of Africa.
Désirée Patricia Bernard is a Guyanese lawyer and jurist who was the country's first female judge of the High Court in 1980 and Justice of Appeal of the Supreme Court in 1992. She was appointed Chief Justice of Guyana in 1996, Chancellor of the Judiciary of Guyana and the Caribbean in 2001 and a Judge of the Caribbean Court of Justice in 2005. In 2014, she was appointed to the Bermuda Court of Appeal.
Marjorie Ruth Thorpe is a Trinidadian academic, lecturer, former diplomat and the first woman to have chaired the Public Service Commission (PSC) in Trinidad and Tobago. She is also a development practitioner with a particular interest in gender issues.
References
- 1 2 3 4 "Barbara Bailey". Caribbean Review of Gender Studies. St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago: University of the West Indies. 2015. Retrieved 9 December 2016.
- 1 2 "Barbara Evelyn Bailey (Jamaica)" (PDF). United Nations Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner. United Nations. 2008.
- 1 2 3 "Barbara Bailey is committed to gender issues". All Woman. Jamaica Observer. 18 October 2010. Retrieved 9 December 2016.
- 1 2 "Professor Barbara Bailey recipient of CARICOM Triennial Award for Women". Jamaica Page. Heat Ray Media. 22 July 2008.
- ↑ "Professor Barbara Bailey Elected Jamaica's Representative of CEDAW Committee". University of the West Indies at Mona, Jamaica. 2008. Retrieved 9 December 2016.
- ↑ Alcorn, Caitlin (2015). "Interview with CEDAW Treaty Monitor, Barbara Bailey". Country Global Citizenship Report Card. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 9 December 2016.
Gender inequality is both structural and ideological and, in my opinion, the overarching factor driving gender inequalities is the entrenched patriarchal ideology that undergirds most gender equity issues. This patriarchal ideology imposes on society what is regarded as appropriate roles and responsibilities for men; whereby men usually play the dominant roles and females the subordinate roles in most relationships.
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