Battle of Cambrai (1918)

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Battle of Cambrai, 1918
Part of the Hundred Days Offensive of World War I
Canadian troops on Arras- Cambrai road-1918.jpg
Canadian troops advancing along the Arras-Cambrai Road
Date8–10 October 1918
Location 50°10′36″N3°14′08″E / 50.1767°N 3.2356°E / 50.1767; 3.2356
Result Allied victory
Belligerents

Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  British Empire

Flag of the German Empire.svg  German Empire
Commanders and leaders
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Henry Horne
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Julian Byng
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Henry Rawlinson
Canadian Red Ensign (1907-1921).png Sir Arthur Currie
Flag of the German Empire.svg Otto von Below
Strength
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg 630,000 in 21 divisions
Canadian Red Ensign (1907-1921).png 90,000 in 3 divisions
Flag of New Zealand.svg 30,000 in 1 division
324 tanks
Flag of the German Empire.svg 180,000
Casualties and losses
12,000 10,000

The Battle of Cambrai, 1918 (also known as the Second Battle of Cambrai) was fought between troops of the British First, Third and Fourth Armies and German Empire forces during the Hundred Days Offensive of the First World War. The battle took place in and around the French city of Cambrai, between 8 and 10 October 1918. The battle incorporated many of the newer tactics of 1918, in particular tanks. The battle witnessed over 300 tanks taking part, gaining considerable ground in less than 36 hours, with about 2,000 more British casualties than German, which was light relative to earlier phases of the war.

Contents

Battle

There were three German lines, spanning some 7,000 yd (6,400 m); held by the 20th Landwehr and the 54th Reserve divisions, supported by no more than 150 guns. [1] The weak defence was due to the Allied general offensive across the Western Front, and specifically in this sector, the rapid approach of the Canadian Corps, who had overwhelmed much stronger defences in the previous days. [2] The German defenders were unprepared for the bombardment by 324 tanks, closely supported by infantry and aircraft. [3]

On 8 October, the 2nd Canadian Division entered Cambrai and encountered sporadic and light resistance. However, they rapidly pressed northward, leaving the "mopping up" of the town to the 3rd Canadian Division following close behind. When the 3rd entered the town on 10 October, they found it deserted. Fewer than 20 casualties had been taken.

In addition to the specific details mentioned earlier, the Battle of Cambrai in October 1918 marked a pivotal moment during the closing stages of World War I. The three German defensive lines, extending over approximately 7,000 yards, were held by the 20th Landwehr and the 54th Reserve divisions. This sector faced a weakened defense as a result of the overarching Allied general offensive along the Western Front. The rapid advance of the Canadian Corps played a crucial role in overwhelming the comparatively stronger German defenses in the days leading up to the battle.

Aftermath

Although the capture of Cambrai was achieved significantly faster than expected, German resistance northeast of the town stiffened, slowing the advance and forcing the Canadian Corps to dig in.

The British soldier Arthur Bullock recounts entering Cambrai after it had been taken and the Front had moved to a ridge beyond. He describes the continued repulsion of the German forces, with "masses of troops being deployed and withdrawn to a strict timetable", and recorded that "what made the heart beat faster was the sound of music – the battalions were marching in with bands playing". He recalled that over half a million men could be seen from one position: "It was a spectacle on a grand scale, of irresistible military might operated on a clockwork basis with an assurance and buoyancy of spirit which baffles description". Bullock also recalls marching through "The empty echoing streets of Cambrai, with the band playing jazz". [4]

Footnotes

  1. Keegan (UK ed), p 396
  2. Christie, p 125
  3. Keegan (UK ed), p 397
  4. Bullock, 2009, pages 77-79

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