Battle of Kamarej

Battle of Kamarej
Date November 29 1754 Location Kamarej, near Kazerun, Iran Result Afghan victory Territorial changes Azad Khan captures Kazerun
Belligerents
Zand dynasty	forces of Azad Khan Afghan
Commanders and leaders
Karim Khan Zand Mirza Ali Beg Khurmuji Raʾis Ahmad Shah Tangestani	Azad Khan Afghan Fath-Ali Khan Afshar
Strength
6,000–8,000 4,000 musketeers	12,000
Casualties and losses
Heavy [1]	Light

The Battle of Kamarej took place on November 29th 1754 ^[2] between the forces of Karim Khan Zand and those of Azad Khan Afghan during the power struggles in western Iran following the collapse of the Afsharid dynasty.

Background

In 1754, Karim Khan Zand was attempting to rebuild his forces in the Garmsir after being denied entry to Shiraz. At the same time, Azad Khan Afghan marched on Shiraz and defeated local tribal forces near Persepolis, capturing the city with an army of around 12,000 men. Karim Khan then established his base in Kazerun, with support from the townsmen under Ali Qoli Khan Kazaruni and levies from Dashtestan. He also sought assistance from Nasir Khan of Lar, who cautiously maintained neutrality while commanding a sizeable force. ^[3]

Battle

On November 29th, Azad Khan’s forces advanced on Kazerun. Karim Khan’s smaller army, consisting of Zand troops, townsmen, and Dashtestan levies, was forced to evacuate the town and retreat westward to the village of Khesht near the Kamarej Pass. There, Karim was reinforced by around 4,000 musketeers under Mirza Ali Beg Khurmuji and Raʾis Ahmad Shah Tangestani. The villagers, led by Rostam Soltan, provided supplies and support. Meanwhile, Fath-Ali Khan Afshar, commanding the bulk of Azad’s army, routed the Zand army occupied Kazerun. ^[4] The Afghan troops massacred much of the remaining population for having supported the Zands, devastating the town and ensuring that it could not serve as a base for resistance. ^{[5] [2]}

Aftermath

Following the victory of the Battle, Azad Khan’s forces captured the city of Kazerun ^[2] and advanced towards Khesht, leaving Karim Khan in a precarious position. At this stage, the Zand leader had suffered multiple defeats and faced the real possibility of losing his remaining stronghold. The massacre at Kazerun also discouraged further resistance in the region. Despite these setbacks, Karim Khan would later recover and eventually establish the Zand dynasty as the dominant power in southern Iran. ^[5]

References

1. "KAZERUN ii. History".
2. "ĀZĀD KHAN AFḠĀN". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Retrieved 2025-12-22.
3. Perry, John R. (2015-05-14). Karim Khan Zand: A History of Iran, 1747-1779. University of Chicago Press. pp. 57–58. ISBN   978-0-226-66102-5.
4. Perry 1991, p. 74.
5. Perry, John R. (2015-05-14). Karim Khan Zand: A History of Iran, 1747-1779. University of Chicago Press. p. 58. ISBN   978-0-226-66102-5.

• Perry, John. R. (1991). "The Zand dynasty". In Avery, Peter; Hambly, Gavin R. G.; Melville, Charles Peter (eds.). The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 7: From Nadir Shah to the Islamic Republic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 74. ISBN   0-521-20095-4.