Manuel del Refugio González Flores, commonly known as Manuel González, was a Mexican military general and liberal politician who served as the 31st President of Mexico from 1880 to 1884. Before initiating his presidential career, González played important roles in the Mexican–American War as a lieutenant, and later in the Reform War as general on the conservative side. In the French intervention in Mexico, González fought for the Mexican Republic under the command of General Porfirio Díaz. He supported Díaz's attempts to gain the presidency of Mexico, which succeeded in 1876. He served as Mexican Secretary of War in the Díaz administration from 1878 to 1879. Díaz could not be re-elected to the presidency in 1880, since the basis of his coup against Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada was the principle of no-reelection, so Díaz worked for the election of his political client González, who would be weak rival should Díaz run again. His presidency from 1880 to 1884 is marked by a number of major diplomatic and domestic achievements, which historian Friedrich Katz considers to be no less than "the profound transformation" of Mexico. Although the González presidency has been considered corrupt, that assessment is colored by the difficult financial circumstances in 1884 and by Díaz's campaign to discredit his successor, paving the way for his own re-election in 1884.
Manuel Jesús Baquedano González was a Chilean soldier and politician, who served as Commander-in-chief of the Army during the War of the Pacific, and briefly as President of Chile during the civil war of 1891.
Élie Frédéric Forey was a Marshal of France.
The Battle of Menorca took place in Menorca between the 7 and 9 February 1939 during the Spanish Civil War.
The Battle of Cerro del Borrego took place on 13 June 1862 in the vicinity of the current municipality of Orizaba in the state of Veracruz, Mexico. It was fought between the Mexican republican army under General Jesús Gonzalez Ortega and troops of the Second Mexican Empire during the Second French intervention in Mexico.
The Battle of Silao took place on August 10, 1860 in the vicinity of Silao in Guanajuato state, Mexico, between elements of the liberal army, under the command of General Jesus Gonzalez Ortega and Ignacio Zaragoza with a force of 8,000 men and elements of the conservative army commanded General Miguel Miramon by commanding an army of 3,282 during the War of Reform. The battle was a liberal victory. General Miguel Miramon was almost captured but escaped in the disorder caused by the Republican artillery, abandoning artillery, ammunition and weapons.
Vicente Cerna y Cerna was president of Guatemala from 24 May 1865 to 29 June 1871. Loyal friend and comrade of Rafael Carrera, was appointed army's Field Marshal after Carraera's victory against Salvadorian leader Gerardo Barrios in 1863. He was appointed Carrera's successor after the caudillo's death in 1865 even though Guatemalan leaders would have preferred Field Marshal José Víctor Zavala.
Jesús González Ortega was a military man and Mexican politician; governor of Zacatecas and actively participated next to Benito Juárez in the War of Reform and during the French intervention in Mexico. He is notable for defending the city of Puebla from the French army March 16, 1863 to May 16, 1863. .
The Battle of Celaya took place on 8 and 9 March 1858 in Celaya. It was a battle of the Reform War. Fought between elements of the liberal army, under General Anastasio Parrodi, and elements of the conservative army, commanded by General Luis G. Osollo, the victory corresponded to the conservative side, and was the first liberal defeat. In the face of this defeat, the liberal General Parrodi retired to Salamanca, where the next battle was fought.
The Battle of Ahualulco took place on 29 September 1858 during the War of Reform, near the town of Ahualulco in the state of San Luis Potosí, Mexico, between elements of the liberal army, commanded by the Generals Santiago Vidaurri, Juan Zuazua and Francisco Naranjo and conservative army troops commanded by General Miguel Miramón and Leonardo Márquez. The victory went to the conservatives. The liberals suffered 672 casualties and 91 prisoners. It is considered by some to be one of the most brilliant triumphs of Miramón.
The Battle of San Joaquín in the War of Reform took place on 26 December 1858 in the municipality of Cuauhtémoc, between elements of the liberal army, under General Santos Degollado, and elements of the conservative army, commanded by General Miguel Miramón.
The battle of Tlatempa took place on July 5, 1859 in the vicinity of Zacatlán in the state of Puebla, Mexico, between elements of the liberal army, under General Juan N. Mendez and conservative elements of the army commanded by General Carlos Oronoz who was the commander Zacatlán military during the War of Reform. The battle ended as liberal victory, leaving in a very compromising situation to General Miramon because this was amagado the south with the forces of Ignacio Zaragoza, in the north by Jesus Gonzalez Ortega and from the east by Santos Degollado.
The Battle of Estancia de las Vacas took place on November 13, 1859 in the vicinity of Estancia Cows in the state of Querétaro, Mexico, between elements of the liberal army, under General Santos Degollado and elements of the conservative army commanded by General Miguel Miramón during the Reform War. The victory corresponded to the conservative side that won despite the Liberals were doubled in number.
The Battle of Loma Alta took place on April 24, 1860 in the vicinity of Loma Alta in the state of Zacatecas, Mexico, between elements of the liberal army of the National Guard of San Luis Potosí and Zacatecas, under General Jose Lopez Uraga and elements of the conservative army commanded by General Romulo Diaz De La Vega during the War of Reform.
The Battle of Calpulalpan took place on December 22, 1860 during the War of Reform in the vicinity of the community of San Miguel de la Victoria in the municipality of Jilotepec de Abasolo in the State of Mexico, Mexico. It would be the last battle of the War of Reform (1858-1860).
The Battle of San Felipe del Obraje took place on August 8, 1861 in Loma de Jalpa near the town of San Felipe del Obraje in the State of Mexico, Mexico, between elements of the liberal army, under the command of General Jesús González Ortega and elements of the conservative army during the Reform War. Although technically the war had ended with the victory of the Liberals and the entry of Benito Juárez to the capital, conservatives were trying to form strength to somehow beat the Liberals. The victory corresponded to the liberal side, so that conservatives were dispersed in Xalatlaco.
The Battle of Tacubaya took place on 11 April 1859 near the ancient village of Tacubaya in today's Federal District, Mexico City, Mexico, between elements of the liberal army, under General Santos Degollado and elements of the conservative army commanded by General Leonardo Marquez during the War of Reform. The victory corresponded to the preservative side, generating heavy casualties on both sides. After the battle General Miramon ordered Marquez to shoot the chiefs and officers Liberals captured in defeat, including the head of the Army Medical Corps was, as well as other liberal doctors, is why Leonardo Marquez know him as the Tiger of Tacubaya.
The Battle of Salamanca took place between the 9th and the 10th March 1858, in Salamanca, during the War of Reform. Elements of the liberal army, under General Anastasio Parrodi, fought Generals Leandro Valle, Santos Degollado, and Mariano Moret, and conservative elements of the army commanded by General Luis G. Osollo. Osollo's army had some 5,000 men, including Generals Miguel Miramón and Tomas Mejia Francisco Garcia Casanova. The victory corresponded to the conservative side, and was the first major liberal defeat.
The Battle of Guadalajara (1858) took place on 14 December 1858 in the vicinity of La Hacienda de Atequiza, near the city of Guadalajara in the state of Jalisco, Mexico, during Reform War. Between elements of the liberal army, under General Santos Degollado, and elements of the conservative army commanded by Generals Miguel Miramón, Leonardo Márquez, Marcelino Cobos, the victory went to the conservative side. The conservatives attacked the ranch of San Miguel, near Poncitlán, Jalisco, where the battle took place. By the end of the battle, the conservatives had gained great quantities of weapons and other war materials. Afterwards, Miramón sent orders to shoot the captured liberal officers.
The Battle of Loma de las Ánimas took place on November 1, 1859 in the vicinity of Loma de las Animas in the state of Guanajuato, Mexico, between elements of the liberal army of the First Light Battalion, under the command of general Doubled Manuel and Santos Degollado and elements of the conservative army commanded by General Jose Maria Alfaro during the War of Reform. The battle ended as a Liberal victory.
