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This article concerns the period 139 BC – 130 BC.
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References
- 1 2 ”Viriathus rose from lowly shepherd stock to a military career which saw him defeat five Roman generals, including Gaius Plautius, Claudius Unimanus and Gaius Negidius. So successful was he that the Celtiberians were tempted back onto the battlefield in 143 BC to join him. In 147 BC, 10,000 Lusitanians who had survived the atrocities committed by Lucullus and Galba rose up, only to find themselves ensnared in a trap by Marcus Vetilius with a similar number of men. The Lusitanians had no option but to surrender, that is until Viriathus reminded them of the perfidious, murderous Galba and Lucullus. Taking 1,000 men, Viriathus distracted the Romans, allowing the rest of the Lusitanians to escape with orders to rendezvous at Tribola. He then ambushed Vetilius, killing 4,000 of the Romans.” in Chrystal, 2015
- 1 2 3 Alexandria 1912–1913, p. 237.
- Alexandria, Appianus (1912–1913). Appian's Roman history. Vol. 1. Harvard University Press.
- Chrystal, Paul (2015). Roman Military Disasters: Dark Days & Lost Legions. Paul Chrystal. ISBN 9781473873957.