Luxembourg is a parliamentary representative democratic monarchy,whereby the prime minister is the head of government,and the multi-party system. Executive power is under the constitution of 1868,as amended,exercised by the government,by the grand duke and the Council of Government (cabinet),which consists of a prime minister and several other ministers. Usually,the prime minister is the leader of the political party or coalition of parties having the most seats in parliament. Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.
The politics of Tunisia takes place within the framework of a unitary semi-presidential representative democratic republic,with a president serving as head of state,prime minister as head of government,a unicameral legislature and a court system influenced by French civil law. Between 1956 and 2011,Tunisia operated as a de facto one-party state,with politics dominated by the secular Constitutional Democratic Rally (RCD) under former presidents Habib Bourguiba and then Zine el Abidine Ben Ali. However,in 2011 a national uprising led to the ousting of Ben Ali and the dismantling of the RCD,paving the way for a multi-party democracy. October 2014 saw the first democratic parliamentary elections since the 2011 revolution,resulting in a win by the secularist Nidaa Tounes party with 85 seats in the 217-member assembly.
The speaker of the Australian House of Representatives is the presiding officer of the Australian House of Representatives,the lower house of the Parliament of Australia. The counterpart in the upper house is the president of the Senate. The office of the speakership was established in 1901 by section 35 of the Constitution of Australia. The primary responsibilities of the office is to oversee house debates,determine which members may speak,maintain order and the parliamentary and ministerial codes of conduct during sessions and uphold all rules and standing orders. The current speaker of the House of Representatives is Milton Dick,who was elected on 26 July 2022.
The Chamber of Deputies is the lower house in Romania's bicameral parliament. It has 330 total seats to which deputies are elected by direct popular vote using party-list proportional representation to serve four-year terms. Additionally,the organisation of each national ethnic minority is entitled to a seat in the Chamber.
The National Assembly is the directly elected house of the Parliament of South Africa,located in Cape Town,Western Cape. It consists of four hundred members who are elected every five years using a party-list proportional representation system where half of the members are elected proportionally from nine provincial lists and the remaining half from national lists so as to restore proportionality.
The Chamber of Deputies,abbreviated to the Chamber,is the unicameral national legislature of Luxembourg. The metonym Krautmaart is sometimes used for the Chamber,after the square on which the Hôtel de la Chambre is located.
The Parliament of the Czech Republic or just Parliament is the legislative branch of the Czech Republic. It meets in MaláStrana,Prague and is composed of 281 total members and Senators.
The Czech Pirate Party often known simply as the Pirates is a liberal progressive political party in the Czech Republic,founded in 2009. The party was founded as a student-driven grassroots movement campaigning for political transparency,civil rights and direct democracy.
Pirate Party is a label adopted by certain political parties around the world. These parties typically espouse a set of values and policies related to civil rights,digital rights,internet freedom,direct democracy,and participatory democracy. Additionally,they often advocate for reforms of copyright and patent laws to make them more flexible and open,with the aim of encouraging innovation and creativity. This often involves opposition to patent-based monopolies. Furthermore,Pirate Party members tend to support the use of free and open-source software,free sharing of knowledge,information privacy,transparency,freedom of information,free speech,anti-corruption,net neutrality,importance of cybersecurity and protecting digital infrastructure from threats,decentralized technologies and platforms,self-governance in online spaces,strong encryption and anonymity to protect personal data and individual privacy both online and offline from mass surveillance,censorship and Big Tech's misuse.
The Mayors and Independents is a liberal political party in the Czech Republic,focused on localism,regionalism and subsidiarity. It holds 33 seats in the Chamber of Deputies,and is the third strongest party by number of seats following the 2021 election. In the Czech Senate,the STAN group has 19 members.
People and Territory,originally Responsible Initiative,was a centre-right parliamentary party active in the Chamber of Deputies of Italy in 2011–2013. Launched on 20 January 2011,the group was supportive of Berlusconi IV Cabinet. A large majority of its members were elected in Southern Italy. Its counterpart in the Senate was National Cohesion,which was composed mainly of splinters from Future and Freedom.
Conservative Right Party –Order of the Nation,previously known as LIDEM –Liberal Democrats,is a political party in the Czech Republic,formed in 2012 as a breakaway party from Public Affairs (VV). The party supported greater individual freedom in economic and social spheres.
Parliamentary elections were held in the Czech Republic on 8 and 9 October 2021. All 200 members of the Chamber of Deputies were elected,with the leader of the resulting government to become the Prime Minister of the Czech Republic. Following the 2017 parliamentary elections,the country had been ruled by a minority government consisting of ANO 2011 (ANO),led by prime minister Andrej Babiš,and the Czech Social Democratic Party (ČSSD),led by interior minister Jan Hamáček,with confidence and supply support from the Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia (KSČM) until April 2021. The largest opposition party was the Civic Democratic Party (ODS),followed by the Czech Pirate Party. Other parties in the Chamber of Deputies included SPD,TOP 09,STAN,and KDU-ČSL.
Ivan Bartoš is a Czech civil rights activist and a Czech Pirate Party politician,who has served as the Minister of Regional Development and Deputy Prime Minister for Digitalization in the Cabinet of Petr Fiala since December 2021. He has been a member of the Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic since October 2017 and chairman of the party between 2016 and 2024,as well as previously between 2009 and 2014.
Olga Richterová is a Czech linguist and politician. She was the vice-chairwoman of the Czech Pirate Party from January 2018 to January 2022 and is a member of the Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic since the 2017 legislative election. Richterováwas re-elected in the October 2021 Czech legislative election on a joint list of the Pirates and Mayors electoral alliance and became a vice-president of the Chamber of Deputies.
Stanislav Polčák is a Czech lawyer and politician who was elected as a Member of the European Parliament in 2019.
The next Czech parliamentary election will be held in or before October 2025. All 200 members of the Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic will be elected and the leader of the resultant government will become the Prime Minister.
Enzo Polidori was an Italian politician. A member of the Italian Communist Party,he served as Mayor of Piombino from 1976 to 1983. In 1983,he received 30,584 votes and was elected to the Chamber of Deputies. He was re-elected in 1987 with 22,557 votes.
LukášČernohorský is a Czech politician and IT analyst. He served as chairman of the Czech Pirate Party from August 2014 to April 2016 and a member of the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament the from 2017 to 2021. In January 2018,Černohorskýwas appointed chairman of the OKD Commission of Inquiry.
