Lysine is an α-amino acid that is a precursor to many proteins. It contains an α-amino group, an α-carboxylic acid group, and a side chain lysyl, classifying it as a basic, charged, aliphatic amino acid. It is encoded by the codons AAA and AAG. Like almost all other amino acids, the α-carbon is chiral and lysine may refer to either enantiomer or a racemic mixture of both. For the purpose of this article, lysine will refer to the biologically active enantiomer L-lysine, where the α-carbon is in the S configuration.
Streptomyces is the largest genus of Actinomycetota, and the type genus of the family Streptomycetaceae. Over 700 species of Streptomyces bacteria have been described. As with the other Actinomycetota, streptomycetes are gram-positive, and have very large genomes with high GC content. Found predominantly in soil and decaying vegetation, most streptomycetes produce spores, and are noted for their distinct "earthy" odor that results from production of a volatile metabolite, geosmin. Different strains of the same species may colonize very diverse environments.
Noscapine is a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid, of the phthalideisoquinoline structural subgroup, which has been isolated from numerous species of the family Papaveraceae. It lacks significant hypnotic, euphoric, or analgesic effects affording it with very low addictive potential. This agent is primarily used for its antitussive (cough-suppressing) effects.
Protoporphyrinogen oxidase or protox is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PPOX gene.
CRT is the gene cluster responsible for the biosynthesis of carotenoids. Those genes are found in eubacteria, in algae and are cryptic in Streptomyces griseus.
DIMBOA (2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one) is a naturally occurring hydroxamic acid, a benzoxazinoid. DIMBOA is a powerful antibiotic present in maize, wheat, rye, and related grasses,
In enzymology, an ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction:
The enzyme indole-3-glycerol-phosphate lyase catalyzes the chemical reaction
In molecular biology, the protein domain SAICAR synthase is an enzyme which catalyses a reaction to create SAICAR. In enzymology, this enzyme is also known as phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthase. It is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
Zwittermicin A is an antibiotic that has been identified from the bacterium Bacillus cereus UW85. It is a molecule of interest to agricultural industry because it has the potential to suppress plant disease due to its broad spectrum activity against certain gram positive and gram negative prokaryotic micro-organisms. The molecule is also of interest from a metabolic perspective because it represents a new structural class of antibiotic and suggests a crossover between polyketide and non-ribosomal peptide biosynthetic pathways. Zwittermicin A is linear aminopolyol.
Phlobaphenes are reddish, alcohol-soluble and water-insoluble phenolic substances. They can be extracted from plants, or be the result from treatment of tannin extracts with mineral acids. The name phlobaphen come from the Greek roots φλoιὀς (phloios) meaning bark and βαφή (baphe) meaning dye.
Chlorophyllide-a oxygenase (EC 1.14.13.122), chlorophyllide a oxygenase, chlorophyll-b synthase, CAO) is an enzyme with systematic name chlorophyllide-a:oxygen 7-oxidoreductase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reactions
Indole-2-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.137, BX2 (gene), CYP71C4 (gene)) is an enzyme with systematic name indole,NAD(P)H:oxygen oxidoreductase (2-hydroxylating). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
Indolin-2-one monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.138, BX3 (gene), CYP71C2 (gene)) is an enzyme with systematic name indolin-2-one,NAD(P)H:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
3-hydroxyindolin-2-one monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.139, BX4 (gene), CYP71C1 (gene)) is an enzyme with systematic name 3-hydroxyindolin-2-one,NAD(P)H:oxygen oxidoreductase (2-hydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one-forming). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
2-Hydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.140, BX5 (gene), CYP71C3 (gene)) is an enzyme with systematic name 2-hydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one,NAD(P)H:oxygen oxidoreductase (N-hydroxylating). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one-glucoside dioxygenase (EC 1.14.20.2, BX6 (gene), DIBOA-Glc dioxygenase) is an enzyme with systematic name (2R)-4-hydroxy-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-2-yl beta-D-glucopyranoside:oxygen oxidoreductase (7-hydroxylating). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
2,4,7-trihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one-glucoside 7-O-methyltransferase is an enzyme with systematic name S-adenosyl-L-methionine:(2R)-4,7-dihydroxy-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-2-yl β-D-glucopyranoside 7-O-methyltransferase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
Function Maize gene for first step in biosynthesis of benzoxazin, which aids in resistance to insect pests, pathogenic fungi and bacteria.
Plant–fungus horizontal gene transfer is the movement of genetic material between individuals in the plant and fungus kingdoms. Horizontal gene transfer is universal in fungi, viruses, bacteria, and other eukaryotes. Horizontal gene transfer research often focuses on prokaryotes because of the abundant sequence data from diverse lineages, and because it is assumed not to play a significant role in eukaryotes.
