Bernadette O'Rourke | |
---|---|
Bernadette Ní Ruairc | |
Nationality | Irish |
Occupation(s) | professor, linguist |
Academic background | |
Alma mater | Dublin City University |
Thesis | Attitudes towards minority languages: an investigation of young people's attitudes towards Irish and Galician (2005) |
Doctoral advisor | Bill Richardson |
Academic work | |
Discipline | Sociolinguistics |
Sub-discipline | Minority language |
Institutions | Heriot-Watt University |
Bernadette O'Rourke (also known as Bernie O'Rourke) is an Irish linguist from County Clare. She is currently Professor of Sociolinguistics and Hispanic Studies at the University of Glasgow and is a specialist in the construction of difference through language and social inequalities. Her research focuses on "neophones" or new speakers of minority languages such as Irish Gaelic and Galician. She has also published and commented on the assumptions of monolinguism in Great Britain,particularly in the context of Brexit,public policy related to minority languages in Ireland,the UK,and Europe. [1] [2] [3] [4]
O'Rourke has taught at the Universidade da Corunha,Dublin City University,NUI Galway and Heriot-Watt University where she has taught Spanish and Sociolinguisitcs. In addition to expertise in Irish Gaelic and Galician,O'Rourke has also promoted the support of Gaelic education in Scotland. [3] [5]
Scottish Gaelic, also known as Scots Gaelic or simply Gaelic, is a Goidelic language native to the Gaels of Scotland. As a Goidelic language, Scottish Gaelic, as well as both Irish and Manx, developed out of Old Irish. It became a distinct spoken language sometime in the 13th century in the Middle Irish period, although a common literary language was shared by the Gaels of both Ireland and Scotland until well into the 17th century. Most of modern Scotland was once Gaelic-speaking, as evidenced especially by Gaelic-language place names.
Judeo-Arabic is Arabic, in its formal and vernacular varieties, as it has been used by Jews, and refers to both written forms and spoken dialects. Although Jewish use of Arabic, which predates Islam, has been in some ways distinct from its use by other religious communities, it is not a uniform linguistic entity.
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The Celtic nations or Celtic countries are a cultural area and collection of geographical regions in Northwestern Europe where the Celtic languages and cultural traits have survived. The term nation is used in its original sense to mean a people who share a common identity and culture and are identified with a traditional territory.
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Castrapo is a term used in the region of Galicia to refer to a local variety of the Castilian language that uses a lot of code-switching, vocabulary, syntax and expressions directly from the Galician language although they do not exist or have equivalents in Standard Castilian. This way of speaking is mainly prevalent in the densely-populated urban areas of Galicia and is sometimes stereotyped as "the way Galician politicians speak".
Sarah, Theodora or Sarah-Theodora was an Empress of Bulgaria during the Second Bulgarian Empire and second wife of Tsar Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria.
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Irish, also known as Irish Gaelic or simply Gaelic, is a Celtic language of the Indo-European language family. It is a member of the Goidelic language group of the Insular Celtic sub branch of the family and is indigenous to the island of Ireland. It was the majority of the population's first language until the 19th century, when English gradually became dominant, particularly in the last decades of the century, in what is sometimes characterised as a result of linguistic imperialism.
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Leanne Hinton is an American linguist and emerita professor of linguistics at the University of California at Berkeley.
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Jebli (Jebelia) is a pre-Hilalian Arabic dialect spoken in the mountains of northwestern Morocco.
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An Caighdeán Oifigiúil, often shortened to An Caighdeán, is the variety of the Irish language that is used as the standard or state norm for the spelling and the grammar of the language and is used in official publications and taught in most schools in the Republic of Ireland. The standard is based on the three Gaeltacht dialects: Connacht Irish, Munster Irish and Ulster Irish. In Northern Ireland and County Donegal, the Ulster dialect is used extensively alongside the standard form as the spoken language in primary and secondary schools.
Within the linguistic study of endangered languages, sociolinguists distinguish between different speaker types based on the type of competence they have acquired of the endangered language. Often when a community is gradually shifting away from an endangered language to a majority language, not all speakers acquire full linguistic competence; instead, speakers have varying degrees and types of competence depending on their exposure to the minority language in their upbringing. The relevance of speaker types in cases of language shift was first noted by Nancy Dorian, who coined the term semi-speaker to refer to those speakers of Sutherland Gaelic who were predominantly English-speaking and whose Gaelic competence was limited and showed considerable influence from English. Later studies added additional speaker types such as rememberers, and passive speakers. In the context of language revitalization, new speakers who have learned the endangered language as a second language are sometimes distinguished.
The Master-Apprentice Language Learning Program is a strategy used in language revitalization, in which committed language learners (apprentices) work with fluent speakers (mentors) to "create their own oral language-immersive context through daily activities, cultural practices, and community involvement". Originally introduced in the 1992, the method is increasingly popular across North America and around the world.
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