Bernard Lewis | |
|---|---|
 At the Ballistic Research Laboratory Advisory Committee's first meeting, Sep 1940 | |
| Born | 1899 |
| Died | May 23, 1993 (aged 93–94) |
| Alma mater | Massachusetts Institute of Technology Harvard University University of Cambridge |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Combustion Chemistry |
| Institutions | U.S. Bureau of Mines |
Bernard Lewis (1899-1993) was a major figure in the field of combustion and a founding member of The Combustion Institute. [1]
Lewis was born in London and immigrated to United States when he was a child. He was awarded a degree in chemical engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1923 and a master's degree from Harvard University in 1924. He received his PhD degree from University of Cambridge in 1926. He served as a research fellow at the University of Minnesota from 1926 to 1928 and then as a research guest at the University of Berlin from 1928 to 1929, during which time he met Guenther von Elbe whom with he collaborated a lot. He joined as a physical chemist at U.S. Bureau of Mines in 1929 and retired in 1953. During World War II, he served for the United States Army Ordnance Corps and served as director of propellants and explosives research in the United States Army Corps from 1951 to 1952. In 1953, he started the Combustion and Explosives Research, Inc. and served as a President until 1986. The Combustion Institute awards a gold medal and a fellowship biennially in honor of Bernard Lewis. [2] [3]
Ragnar Anton Kittil Frisch was an influential Norwegian economist known for being one of the major contributors to establishing economics as a quantitative and statistically informed science in the early 20th century. He coined the term econometrics in 1926 for utilising statistical methods to describe economic systems, as well as the terms microeconomics and macroeconomics in 1933, for describing individual and aggregate economic systems, respectively. He was the first to develop a statistically informed model of business cycles in 1933. Later work on the model together with Jan Tinbergen won the two the first Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1969.
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SirAlfred Charles Glyn Egerton, FRS was a British chemist. After enlisting in the Coldstream Guards, he was seconded to the Department of Explosives Supply and did research into munitions. After the war he studied the vapour pressure of metals before his interest turned to combustion. He pioneered the use of liquid methane as a fuel.
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In combustion, flame stretch is a quantity which measures the amount of stretch of the flame surface due to curvature and due to the outer velocity field strain. The early concept of flame stretch was introduced by Karlovitz in 1953, although the correct definition was introduced two decades later by Forman A. Williams in 1975. George H. Markstein studied flame stretch by treating the flame surface as a hydrodynamic discontinuity. The flame stretch is also discussed by Bernard Lewis and Guenther von Elbe in their book. All these discussions treated flame stretch as an effect of flow velocity gradients. The stretch can be found even if there is no velocity gradient, but due to the flame curvature. So, the definition required a more general formulation and its precise definition was first introduced by Forman A. Williams in 1975 as the ratio of rate of change of flame surface area to the area itself
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