Bernardo Alberto Houssay was an Argentine physiologist. Houssay was a co-recipient of the 1947 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for discovering the role played by pituitary hormones in regulating the amount of glucose in animals,sharing the prize with Carl Ferdinand Cori and Gerty Cori. He is the first Latin American Nobel laureate in the sciences.
The Stanford University School of Medicine is the medical school of Stanford University and is located in Stanford,California,United States. It traces its roots to the Medical Department of the University of the Pacific,founded in San Francisco in 1858. This medical institution,then called Cooper Medical College,was acquired by Stanford in 1908. The medical school moved to the Stanford campus near Palo Alto,California,in 1959.
Leonard Hayflick was an American anatomist who was Professor of Anatomy at the UCSF School of Medicine,and was Professor of Medical Microbiology at Stanford University School of Medicine. He was also past president of the Gerontological Society of America and was a founding member of the council of the National Institute on Aging (NIA). The recipient of a number of research prizes and awards,including the 1991 Sandoz Prize for Gerontological Research,he studied the ageing process for more than fifty years. He is known for discovering that normal human cells divide for a limited number of times in vitro. This is known as the Hayflick limit. His discoveries overturned a 60-year old dogma that all cultured cells are immortal. Hayflick demonstrated that normal cells have a memory and can remember at what doubling level they have reached. He demonstrated that his normal human cell strains were free from contaminating viruses. His cell strain WI-38 soon replaced primary monkey kidney cells and became the substrate for the production of most of the world's human virus vaccines. Hayflick discovered that the etiological agent of primary atypical pneumonia was not a virus as previously believed. He was the first to cultivate the causative organism called a mycoplasma,the smallest free-living organism,which Hayflick isolated on a unique culture medium that bears his name. He named the organism Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center is a public academic health science center in Dallas,Texas. With approximately 23,000 employees,more than 3,000 full-time faculty,and nearly 4 million outpatient visits per year,UT Southwestern is the largest medical school in the University of Texas System and the State of Texas.
Bert Sakmann is a German cell physiologist. He shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Erwin Neher in 1991 for their work on "the function of single ion channels in cells," and the invention of the patch clamp. Bert Sakmann was Professor at Heidelberg University and is an Emeritus Scientific Member of the Max Planck Institute for Medical Research in Heidelberg,Germany. Since 2008 he leads an emeritus research group at the Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology.
WEHI,previously known as the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research,and as the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute,is Australia's oldest medical research institute. Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet,who won the Nobel Prize in 1960 for his work in immunology,was director from 1944 to 1965. Burnet developed the ideas of clonal selection and acquired immune tolerance. Later,Professor Donald Metcalf discovered and characterised colony-stimulating factors. As of 2015,the institute hosted more than 750 researchers who work to understand,prevent and treat diseases including blood,breast and ovarian cancers;inflammatory diseases (autoimmunity) such as rheumatoid arthritis,type 1 diabetes and coeliac disease;and infectious diseases such as malaria,HIV and hepatitis B and C.
Tak Wah Mak,is a Canadian medical researcher,geneticist,oncologist,and biochemist. He first became widely known for his discovery of the T-cell receptor in 1983 and pioneering work in the genetics of immunology. In 1995,Mak published a landmark paper on the discovery of the function of the immune checkpoint protein CTLA-4,thus opening the path for immunotherapy/checkpoint inhibitors as a means of cancer treatment. Mak is also the founder of Agios Pharmaceuticals,whose lead compound,IDHIFA®,was approved by the FDA for acute myeloid leukemia in August 2017,becoming the first drug specifically targeting cancer metabolism to be used for cancer treatment. He has worked in a variety of areas including biochemistry,immunology,and cancer genetics.
Sir Salvador Enrique Moncada Seidner,FRS,FRCP,FMedSci is a Honduran-British pharmacologist and professor. He is currently Research Domain Director for Cancer at the University of Manchester.
Dr. A. M. James Shapiro is a British-Canadian surgeon best known for leading the clinical team that developed the Edmonton Protocol –an islet transplant procedure for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. Dr. Shapiro is Professor of Surgery,Medicine,and Surgical Oncology at the University of Alberta and the Director of the Clinical Islet Transplant Program and the Living Donor Liver Transplant Program with Alberta Health Services.
Proposition 71 of 2004 is a law enacted by California voters to support stem cell research in the state. It was proposed by means of the initiative process and approved in the 2004 state elections on November 2. The Act amended both the Constitution of California and the Health and Safety Code.
Carlos Chagas Filho was a Brazilian physician,biologist and scientist active in the field of neuroscience. He was internationally renowned for his investigations on the neural mechanisms underlying the phenomenon of electrogenesis by the electroplaques of electric fishes. He was also an important scientific leader,being one of the founders of the Biophysics Institute of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro and was also a president for 16 years of the Vatican's Pontifical Academy of Sciences,and president of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences (1965–1967).
Eva Lucille Feldman is an American physician-scientist who is a leading authority on neurodegenerative disease. She serves as the Russell N. DeJong Professor of Neurology at the University of Michigan,as well as Director of the NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies and ALS Center of Excellence at Michigan Medicine. She was also named the James W. Albers Distinguished University Professor of Neurology.
Ralph Lawrence Brinster is an American geneticist,National Medal of Science laureate,and Richard King Mellon Professor of Reproductive Physiology at the School of Veterinary Medicine,University of Pennsylvania.
Carlos Martínez Alonso, was born in Villasimpliz,in the province of León,on January 9,1950. In 1974 he obtained a chemistry degree from the Universidad Complutense of Madrid. Four years later,in 1978,he obtained a Ph.D. in immunology by the same university. He was appointed President of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) from 2004 to 2008,and Secretary of State for Research in the Ministry of Science and Innovation from early 2008 to December 2009.
Santiago Schnell FRSB FRSC is a scientist and academic leader,currently serving as the William K. Warren Foundation Dean of the College of Science at the University of Notre Dame,as well as a professor in the Department of Biological Sciences,and Department of Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics.
The School of Biological Sciences is a research-led academic community at the University of East Anglia. It works with partners in industry on a range of activities,including translating research discoveries into products,making knowledge and research expertise available through consultancies,contract research and provision of analytical services,as well as partnering industry in training both undergraduate and postgraduate students.
Stefan R. Bornstein is the director of the Centre for Internal Medicine and the Medical Clinic and Policlinic III at the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus of the Technical University of Dresden as well as the medical faculty's vice dean of international affairs and development and a member of the supervisory board of the University Hospital of Dresden. Furthermore,he is chair and honorary consultant for diabetes and endocrinology at King's College London. Previously,Bornstein worked as assistant director and professor of endocrinology at the University Hospital of Düsseldorf,as unit chief at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda,Maryland and held the Heisenberg-scholarship of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.
Matthias H. Tschöp is a German physician and scientist. He is the chief executive officer and scientific director of Helmholtz Zentrum München,German Research Center for Environmental Health. He is also Alexander von Humboldt Professor and chair of metabolic diseases at Technical University of Munich and serves as an adjunct professor at Yale University.
Daniel Joshua Drucker is a Canadian endocrinologist. A Fellow of the Royal Society,he is a professor of medicine at the Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute,Mount Sinai Hospital,Toronto. He is known for his research into intestinal hormones and their use in the treatment of diabetes,obesity,and other metabolic diseases,as well as intestinal failure.
William Allen Eaton is a biophysical chemist who is a NIH Distinguished Investigator,Chief of the Section on Biophysical Chemistry,and Chief of the Laboratory of Chemical Physics at the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases,one of the 20 Institutes of the United States National Institutes of Health.
