Bertoldo was a biweekly magazine of surreal humour that ran from 14 July 1936 to 10 September 1943 under Italian Fascism. The magazine was based in Milan. [1] While the Becco Giallo magazine put out courageous political satire against the fascist regime, the reactionary authors of Bertoldo, like Marcello Marchesi, as well as Marc'Aurelio , developed a kind of surreal humour that was accepted by the regime. [2] [3]
Some of the best young artists and writers worked on the magazine. [4] Among them were the popular author Giovannino Guareschi (1908–1968), and the Romanian Jewish architect-student (later famous American cartoonist) Saul Steinberg (1914–1999). [5] Guareschi edited the magazine from 1936 to 1943. [1]
Gian Galeazzo Ciano, 2nd Count of Cortellazzo and Buccari was an Italian diplomat and politician who served as Foreign Minister in the government of his father-in-law, Benito Mussolini, from 1936 until 1943. During this period, he was widely seen as Mussolini's most probable successor as head of government.
Don Camillo and Peppone are the fictional protagonists of a series of works by the Italian writer and journalist Giovannino Guareschi set in what Guareschi refers to as the "small world" of rural Italy after World War II. Most of the Don Camillo stories came out in the weekly magazine Candido, founded by Guareschi with Giovanni Mosca. These "Little World" stories amounted to 347 in total and were put together and published in eight books, only the first three of which were published when Guareschi was still alive.
Giovannino Oliviero Giuseppe Guareschi was an Italian journalist, cartoonist and humorist whose best known creation is the priest Don Camillo.
Luigi Einaudi, was an Italian politician and economist. He served as the second president of Italy from 1948 to 1955.
Mario Monicelli was an Italian film director and screenwriter and one of the masters of the Commedia all'Italiana. He was nominated six times for an Oscar, and was awarded the Golden Lion for his career.
Saul Steinberg was a Romanian American cartoonist and illustrator, best known for his work for The New Yorker, most notably View of the World from 9th Avenue. He described himself as "a writer who draws".
The Rab concentration camp was one of the several Italian concentration camps. It was established during World War II, in July 1942, on the Italian-occupied island of Rab.
Italian war crimes have mainly been associated with Fascist Italy in the Pacification of Libya, the Second Italo-Ethiopian War, Spanish Civil War, and World War II.
Antonino "Nino" Frassica is an Italian actor, comedian and television personality.
Mario Roatta was an Italian general, best known for his role in Italian Second Army's repression against civilians, in the Slovene- and Croatian-inhabited areas of the Italian-occupied Yugoslavia during World War II. In his Circular 3C, Roatta ordered summary executions, hostage taking, reprisals, internments, burning of houses and whole villages, and the deportation of 25,000 people, who were placed in Italian concentration camps at Rab, Gonars, Monigo (Treviso), Renicci d'Anghiari, Chiesanuova and elsewhere. The survivors received no compensation from the Italian state after the war. The deportees had formed about 7.5 percent of the total population of the Italy-occupied Province of Ljubljana.
Novecento Italiano was an Italian artistic movement founded in Milan in 1922 to create an art based on the rhetoric of the fascism of Mussolini.
Giulio Cesare Croce (1550–1609) was an Italian writer, actor/producer of cantastoria and enigma writer.
Il Becco Giallo was an antifascist satirical magazine in the 1920s in Italy. The magazine existed between 1924 and 1926.
Bertoldo, Bertoldino e Cacasenno is a 1984 Italian comedy film directed by Mario Monicelli. It was filmed in Rome, Cappadocia, Marano Lagunare and Exilles.
Gazzetta di Parma is an Italian language daily newspaper published in Parma, Italy. It is the oldest daily newspaper in the country.
Candido was an Italian language satirical magazine published in Milan, Italy, between 1945 and 1961.
Leopoldo Longanesi was an Italian journalist, publicist, screenplayer, playwright, writer, and publisher. Longanesi is mostly known in his country for his satirical works on Italian society and people. He also founded the eponymous publishing house in Milan in 1946 and was a mentor-like figure for Indro Montanelli: journalist, historian, and founder of Il Giornale, one of Italy's biggest newspapers.
Mario Pannunzio was an Italian journalist and politician. As a journalist he was the director in charge of the daily newspaper Risorgimento Liberale in the 1940s and of the weekly political magazine Il Mondo in the 1950s. As a politician he was a co-founder of the revived Italian Liberal Party in the 1940s and then of the Radical Party in 1955.
Vittorio Gorresio was an Italian Journalist-commentator and essayist.