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The United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, or MONUSCO, is a United Nations peacekeeping force in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). A planned withdrawal from the country is currently on indefinite hold due to the unstable security situation.
Congolese history in the 2000s has primarily revolved around the Second Congo War (1998–2003) and the empowerment of a transitional government.
The Kivu conflict is an umbrella term for a series of protracted armed conflicts in the North Kivu and South Kivu provinces in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo which have occurred since the end of the Second Congo War. Including neighboring Ituri province, there are more than 120 different armed groups active in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Currently, some of the most active rebel groups include the Allied Democratic Forces, the Cooperative for the Development of the Congo, the March 23 Movement, and many local Mai Mai militias. In addition to rebel groups and the governmental FARDC troops, a number of national and international organizations have intervened militarily in the conflict, including the United Nations force known as MONUSCO, and an East African Community regional force.
Bosco Ntaganda is a convicted war criminal and the former military chief of staff of the National Congress for the Defense of the People (CNDP), an armed militia group operating in the North Kivu province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). He is a former member of the Rwandan Patriotic Army and allegedly a former Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Patriotic Forces for the Liberation of Congo (FPLC), the military wing of the Union of Congolese Patriots.
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Beginning in 2022, tensions heightened between the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Rwanda, marking a significant breakdown in relations between the two countries. Amid this, Rwandan forces have crossed into the DRC multiple times, usually fighting alongside Congolese rebels.
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The Congo River Alliance is a political-military coalition of rebel groups and political parties led by former Independent National Electoral Commission President Corneille Nangaa that seeks to overthrow the government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The principal member of Congo River Alliance is the U.S. and UN sanctioned March 23 Movement, a Rwanda-backed rebel group.
Events of the year 2025 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
The Goma offensive is an ongoing military campaign launched by the March 23 Movement (M23) Congolese rebel group against the regional capital of Goma in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The fighting is part of the larger M23 offensive in the North and South Kivu provinces of the DRC, which resumed in October 2024 after a pause. During January 2025, the M23 rebel group made a rapid advance in the Kivu region, arriving at the North Kivu provincial capital Goma on January 25.
The 2025 Kinshasa riots is a series of violent demonstrations that occurred on January 28, 2025 in Kinshasa, the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Multiple foreign diplomatic missions, including the embassies of the United States, France, Netherlands, Belgium, Rwanda, Kenya, and Uganda, became targets of civil unrest as protesters expressed their opposition to perceived international inaction regarding M23 rebel advances in eastern DRC and Goma.
References
- ↑ Kibangula, Trésor (8 March 2013). "RDC – Bertrand Bisimwa, chef politique du M23 : " Nous attendons un projet d'accord de Kinshasa "" [DRC – Bertrand Bisimwa, political leader of the M23: “We are waiting for a draft agreement from Kinshasa”] (in French). Jeune Afrique. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
- ↑ "Bertrand Bisimwa, the man leading M23". dailymaverick. 16 April 2013. Retrieved 7 September 2013.
- ↑ "DR Congo conflict: M23's Bisimwa reject UN force". bbcnews.com. 1 April 2013. Retrieved 7 September 2013.
- ↑ "DR Congo conflict: M23's Bisimwa reject UN force". BBC News. 2013-04-01. Retrieved 2021-01-06.
- 1 2 Smith, David. "Congolese M23 rebels surrender". The Irish Times. Retrieved 2021-01-06.
- ↑ "DR Congo rebels 'wanted ceasefire'". BBC News. Retrieved 2021-01-06.
- 1 2 Lansford, Tom (2019). Political Handbook of the World 2018-2019, Volume 1. Los Angeles: CQ Press. p. 2019. ISBN 978-1-5443-2712-9.