Beth Darnall

Last updated
Beth Darnall
Beth Darnall-2020a.jpg
Born
Las Cruces, NM
CitizenshipUnited States
Alma mater Texas Woman's University University of Colorado, Boulder Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
Known forPain psychology and voluntary opioid reduction
Scientific career
FieldsBehavioral Medicine for Pain
Institutions Stanford University
Website https://profiles.stanford.edu/beth-darnall

Beth Darnall is American scientist, pain psychologist, author, and Associate Professor of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine at the Stanford University School of Medicine where she directs the Stanford Pain Relief Innovations Lab. [1] From 2005 to 2012, Darnall was an assistant professor and associate professor at Oregon Health & Science University.

Contents

She is known for developing and investigating brief and scalable behavioral medicine treatments for acute, post-surgical [2] [3] [4] and chronic pain, [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] leading teams of investigators in the conduct of federally-funded randomized controlled clinical pain treatment trials, research on patient-centered voluntary prescription opioid tapering, [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] advocacy for patient protections during opioid tapering, [19] [14] [12] [20] [21] and vocal opposition of forced opioid tapering practices. [22] [23] She is creator of Empowered Relief(R), a 1-session (2 hour) pain relief skill intervention that has been shown to be non-inferior to 8-session cognitive behavioral therapy for reducing multiple symptoms at 3 months post-treatment (pain distress, pain intensity, pain interference, sleep disturbance, fatigue, depression and anxiety). [24] The study publication was covered by the National Institutes of Health [25] and multiple media outlets including The New York Times, [26] MedPage Today [27] and Physician's Weekly. [28]

A study of online delivered Empowered Relief(R) in patients with different types of chronic pain showed multidimensional benefits across a range of outcomes at 3 months post-treatment (compared to a usual care control group). [6] In 2019, the Health and Human Services Pain Task Force [29] cited Empowered Relief as being an important and promising solution to address the unmet need of broad scale access to behavioral pain care in the U.S. Empowered Relief(R) is being delivered by more than 1,000 certified instructors in 25 countries and in 7 languages. [30] Tailored versions of Empowered Relief(R) have been created for people with injury/surgery, opioid use disorder, Veterans, and youth with pain.

In 2018 she briefed the U.S. Congress on the opioid and pain crises, and in 2019 provided invited testimony to the FDA on iatrogenic harms from forced opioid tapering. Her work has been featured in Scientific American, NPR Radio, BBC Radio, and Nature. [31] In 2018 she spoke on the psychology of pain relief at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland. [32] Since 2019 she has served as Chief Science Advisor at AppliedVR, [33] a virtual reality therapeutics company that published the first study reporting on at-home skills-based virtual reality for chronic pain treatment. [34] Follow-on studies have included a randomized placebo-controlled trial of an 8-week home-based virtual reality program for chronic pain with clinical efficacy demonstrated to 24-months post-treatment. [9] [35] [36] [37]

In 2020 Darnall was appointed a scientific member of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Interagency Pain Research Coordinating Committee (IPRCC) by U.S. Health and Human Services Secretary Dr. Alex Azar. [38] In 2020, she was appointed to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) opioid workgroup, [39] a group that is charged with reviewing the scientific evidence for acute and chronic pain opioid prescribing guidelines and making recommendations on the planned 2021 CDC opioid prescribing guideline. In 2021 Darnall was elected to the Board of Directors of the American Academy of Pain Medicine.

Early life and education

Darnall graduated from Texas Woman's University with a B.A. in mass communications in 1994. She received her M.A. and Ph.D. in clinical psychology from the University of Colorado, Boulder in 1998 and 2002, respectively. She completed a post-doctoral fellowship in rehabilitation medicine at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in 2004.

Scientific research

Darnall is principal investigator for large NIH and PCORI-funded national and multi-site clinical trials that broadly investigate behavioral medicine strategies for acute and chronic pain, and voluntary patient-centered prescription opioid reduction. [14] [40] [41]

Author

Darnall is the author of over 100 journal articles. [42]

She has authored three books:

  1. Psychological Treatment for Patients with Chronic Pain [43]
  2. The Opioid-Free Pain Relief Kit: 10 Simple Steps to Ease Your Pain [44]
  3. Less Pain, Fewer Pills: Avoid the Dangers of Prescription Opioids and Gain Control Over Chronic Pain [45]

She coauthored a fourth book with Heath McAnally and Lynn Freeman: Preoperative Optimization of the Chronic Pain Patient. [46]

Organizations

Darnall was the 2012 president of the Pain Society of Oregon.

Related Research Articles

Chronic pain or chronic pain syndrome is a type of pain that is also known by other titles such as gradual burning pain, electrical pain, throbbing pain, and nauseating pain. This type of pain is sometimes confused with acute pain and can last from three months to several years; various diagnostic manuals such as DSM-5 and ICD-11 have proposed several definitions of chronic pain, but the accepted definition is that it is "pain that lasts longer than the expected period of recovery."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Back pain</span> Area of body discomfort

Back pain is pain felt in the back. It may be classified as neck pain (cervical), middle back pain (thoracic), lower back pain (lumbar) or coccydynia based on the segment affected. The lumbar area is the most common area affected. An episode of back pain may be acute, subacute or chronic depending on the duration. The pain may be characterized as a dull ache, shooting or piercing pain or a burning sensation. Discomfort can radiate to the arms and hands as well as the legs or feet, and may include numbness or weakness in the legs and arms.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fibromyalgia</span> Chronic pain of unknown cause

Fibromyalgia is a medical syndrome that causes chronic widespread pain, accompanied by fatigue, awakening unrefreshed, and cognitive symptoms. Other symptoms can include headaches, lower abdominal pain or cramps, and depression. People with fibromyalgia can also experience insomnia and general hypersensitivity. The cause of fibromyalgia is unknown, but is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Environmental factors may include psychological stress, trauma, and some infections. Since the pain appears to result from processes in the central nervous system, the condition is referred to as a "central sensitization syndrome". Although a protocol using an algometer (algesiometer) for determining central sensitization has been proposed as an objective diagnostic test, fibromyalgia continues to be primarily diagnosed by exclusion despite the high possibility of misdiagnosis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pain management</span> Interdisciplinary approach for easing pain

Pain management is an aspect of medicine and health care involving relief of pain in various dimensions, from acute and simple to chronic and challenging. Most physicians and other health professionals provide some pain control in the normal course of their practice, and for the more complex instances of pain, they also call on additional help from a specific medical specialty devoted to pain, which is called pain medicine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Opioid</span> Psychoactive chemical

Opioids are a class of drugs that derive from, or mimic, natural substances found in the opium poppy plant. Opioids work on opioid receptors in the brain and other organs to produce a variety of morphine-like effects, including pain relief.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Low back pain</span> Medical condition

Low back pain or lumbago is a common disorder involving the muscles, nerves, and bones of the back, in between the lower edge of the ribs and the lower fold of the buttocks. Pain can vary from a dull constant ache to a sudden sharp feeling. Low back pain may be classified by duration as acute, sub-chronic, or chronic. The condition may be further classified by the underlying cause as either mechanical, non-mechanical, or referred pain. The symptoms of low back pain usually improve within a few weeks from the time they start, with 40–90% of people recovered by six weeks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation</span> Therapeutic technique

A transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation is a device that produces mild electric current to stimulate the nerves for therapeutic purposes. TENS, by definition, covers the complete range of transcutaneously applied currents used for nerve excitation, but the term is often used with a more restrictive intent, namely, to describe the kind of pulses produced by portable stimulators used to reduce pain. The unit is usually connected to the skin using two or more electrodes which are typically conductive gel pads. A typical battery-operated TENS unit is able to modulate pulse width, frequency, and intensity. Generally, TENS is applied at high frequency (>50 Hz) with an intensity below motor contraction or low frequency (<10 Hz) with an intensity that produces motor contraction. More recently, many TENS units use a mixed frequency mode which alleviates tolerance to repeated use. Intensity of stimulation should be strong but comfortable with greater intensities, regardless of frequency, producing the greatest analgesia. While the use of TENS has proved effective in clinical studies, there is controversy over which conditions the device should be used to treat.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Opioid use disorder</span> Medical condition

Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a substance use disorder characterized by cravings for opioids, continued use despite physical and/or psychological deterioration, increased tolerance with use, and withdrawal symptoms after discontinuing opioids. Opioid withdrawal symptoms include nausea, muscle aches, diarrhea, trouble sleeping, agitation, and a low mood. Addiction and dependence are important components of opioid use disorder.

Neuropathic pain is pain caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system. Neuropathic pain may be associated with abnormal sensations called dysesthesia or pain from normally non-painful stimuli (allodynia). It may have continuous and/or episodic (paroxysmal) components. The latter resemble stabbings or electric shocks. Common qualities include burning or coldness, "pins and needles" sensations, numbness and itching.

Low-dose naltrexone (LDN) refers to daily naltrexone dosages that are roughly one-tenth of the standard opioid addiction treatment dosage. Most published research suggests a daily dosage of 4.5 mg, but this can vary by a few milligrams. Low-dose naltrexone has been studied for the treatment of multiple chronic pain disorders including fibromyalgia, multiple sclerosis, Crohn’s disease, and complex regional pain syndrome.

Opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) or opioid-induced abnormal pain sensitivity, also called paradoxical hyperalgesia, is an uncommon condition of generalized pain caused by the long-term use of high dosages of opioids such as morphine, oxycodone, and methadone. OIH is not necessarily confined to the original affected site. This means that if the person was originally taking opioids due to lower back pain, when OIH appears, the person may experience pain in the entire body, instead of just in the lower back. Over time, individuals taking opioids can also develop an increasing sensitivity to noxious stimuli, even evolving a painful response to previously non-noxious stimuli (allodynia). This means that if the person originally felt pain from twisting or from sitting too long, the person might now additionally experience pain from a light touch or from raindrops falling on the skin.

Overmedication describes the excessive use of over-the-counter or prescription medicines for a person. Overmedication can have harmful effects, such as non-adherence or interactions with multiple prescription drugs.

An equianalgesic chart is a conversion chart that lists equivalent doses of analgesics. Equianalgesic charts are used for calculation of an equivalent dose between different analgesics. Tables of this general type are also available for NSAIDs, benzodiazepines, depressants, stimulants, anticholinergics and others.

Uremic pruritus is caused by chronic kidney failure and is the most common internal systemic cause of itching.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Opiate</span> Substance derived from opium

An opiate is an alkaloid substance derived from opium. It differs from the similar term opioid in that the latter is used to designate all substances, both natural and synthetic, that bind to opioid receptors in the brain. Opiates are alkaloid compounds naturally found in the opium poppy plant Papaver somniferum. The psychoactive compounds found in the opium plant include morphine, codeine, and thebaine. Opiates have long been used for a variety of medical conditions, with evidence of opiate trade and use for pain relief as early as the eighth century AD. Most opiates are considered drugs with moderate to high abuse potential and are listed on various "Substance-Control Schedules" under the Uniform Controlled Substances Act of the United States of America.

Undertreatment of pain is the absence of pain management therapy for a person in pain when treatment is indicated.

Opioid rotation or opioid switching is the process of changing one opioid to another to improve pain control or reduce unwanted side effects. This technique was introduced in the 1990s to help manage severe chronic pain and improve the opioid response in cancer patients. In order to obtain adequate levels of pain relief, patients requiring chronic opioid therapy may require an increase in the original prescribed dose for a number of reasons, including increased pain or a worsening disease state. Over the course of long-term treatment, an increase in dosage cannot be continued indefinitely as unwanted side effects of treatment often become intolerable once a certain dose is reached, even though the pain may still not be properly managed. One strategy used to address this is to switch the patient between different opioid drugs over time, usually every few months. Opioid rotation requires strict monitoring in patients with ongoing levels of high opioid doses for extended periods of time, since long term opioid use can lead to a patient developing tolerance to the analgesic effects of the drug. Patients may also not respond to the first opioid prescribed to them at all, therefore needing to try another opioid to help manage their pain. A patient's specific response and sensitivity to opioids include many factors that include physiology, genetics and pharmacodynamic parameters, which together determine the amount of pain control and tolerance of a particular opioid.

Opioid tapering is the reduction of opioid doses over time. Opioid tapering is typically done in people taking opioids for chronic pain. Tapering may be conducted in medically-supervised inpatient or outpatient settings.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Howard Fields (neuroscientist)</span> American academic (born 1939)

Howard Lincoln Fields is an American neuroscientist and clinical neurologist with expertise in pain and in opioid pharmacology. He is currently professor of neurology and physiology emeritus at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement</span> Mind-body therapy program

Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE) is an evidence-based mind-body therapy program developed by Eric Garland. It is a therapeutic approach grounded in affective neuroscience that combines mindfulness training with reappraisal and savoring skills. Garland developed this approach by combining the key features of mindfulness training, "Third Wave" cognitive-behavioral therapy, and principles from positive psychology.

References

  1. ↑ "Home". med.stanford.edu. Stanford Pain Relief Innovations Lab.
  2. ↑ Ziadni, Maisa S.; You, Dokyoung S.; Keane, Ryan; Salazar, Brett; Jaros, Sam; Ram, Jesmin; Roy, Anuradha; Tanner, Natalie; Salmasi, Vafi; Gardner, Michael; Darnall, Beth D. (August 2022). ""My Surgical Success": Feasibility and Impact of a Single-Session Digital Behavioral Pain Medicine Intervention on Pain Intensity, Pain Catastrophizing, and Time to Opioid Cessation After Orthopedic Trauma Surgery—A Randomized Trial". Anesthesia & Analgesia. 135 (2): 394–405. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000006088. ISSN   0003-2999. PMC   9259046 . PMID   35696706.
  3. ↑ Darnall, Beth D.; Ziadni, Maisa S.; Krishnamurthy, Parthasarathy; Flood, Pamela; Heathcote, Lauren C.; MacKey, Ian G.; Taub, Chloe Jean; Wheeler, Amanda (2019). ""My Surgical Success": Effect of a Digital Behavioral Pain Medicine Intervention on Time to Opioid Cessation After Breast Cancer Surgery—A Pilot Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial". Pain Medicine. pp. 2228–2237. doi:10.1093/pm/pnz094. PMC   6830264 . PMID   31087093 . Retrieved 2023-10-14.
  4. ↑ Wosen, Jonathan; Correspondent, Correspondent | (2019-12-28). "Stanford offers a mindful approach to pain relief". The Mercury News. Retrieved 2023-10-14.{{cite web}}: |last2= has generic name (help)
  5. ↑ Darnall, Beth D.; Roy, Anuradha; Chen, Abby L.; Ziadni, Maisa S.; Keane, Ryan T.; You, Dokyoung S.; Slater, Kristen; Poupore-King, Heather; Mackey, Ian; Kao, Ming-Chih; Cook, Karon F.; Lorig, Kate; Zhang, Dongxue; Hong, Juliette; Tian, Lu (2021-08-16). "Comparison of a Single-Session Pain Management Skills Intervention With a Single-Session Health Education Intervention and 8 Sessions of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Adults With Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial". JAMA Network Open. 4 (8): e2113401. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.13401. ISSN   2574-3805. PMC   8369357 . PMID   34398206.
  6. 1 2 Ziadni, Maisa S; Gonzalez-Castro, Lluvia; Anderson, Steven; Krishnamurthy, Parthasarathy; Darnall, Beth D (2021-09-10). "Efficacy of a Single-Session "Empowered Relief" Zoom-Delivered Group Intervention for Chronic Pain: Randomized Controlled Trial Conducted During the COVID-19 Pandemic". Journal of Medical Internet Research. 23 (9): e29672. doi: 10.2196/29672 . ISSN   1438-8871. PMC   8463950 . PMID   34505832.
  7. ↑ Darnall, Beth D; Krishnamurthy, Parthasarathy; Tsuei, Jeannette; Minor, Jorge D (2020-07-07). "Self-Administered Skills-Based Virtual Reality Intervention for Chronic Pain: Randomized Controlled Pilot Study". JMIR Formative Research. 4 (7): e17293. doi: 10.2196/17293 . ISSN   2561-326X. PMC   7381022 . PMID   32374272.
  8. ↑ Garcia, Laura M; Birckhead, Brandon J; Krishnamurthy, Parthasarathy; Sackman, Josh; Mackey, Ian G; Louis, Robert G; Salmasi, Vafi; Maddox, Todd; Darnall, Beth D (2021-02-22). "An 8-Week Self-Administered At-Home Behavioral Skills-Based Virtual Reality Program for Chronic Low Back Pain: Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial Conducted During COVID-19". Journal of Medical Internet Research. 23 (2): e26292. doi: 10.2196/26292 . ISSN   1438-8871. PMC   7939946 . PMID   33484240.
  9. 1 2 Garcia, Laura M.; Birckhead, Brandon J.; Krishnamurthy, Parthasarathy; Mackey, Ian; Sackman, Josh; Salmasi, Vafi; Louis, Robert; Maddox, Todd; Darnall, Beth D. (May 2022). "Three-Month Follow-Up Results of a Double-Blind, Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of 8-Week Self-Administered At-Home Behavioral Skills-Based Virtual Reality (VR) for Chronic Low Back Pain". The Journal of Pain. 23 (5): 822–840. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2021.12.002 . PMID   34902548. S2CID   245164142.
  10. ↑ Garcia, Laura; Birckhead, Brandon; Krishnamurthy, Parthasarathy; Mackey, Ian; Sackman, Josh; Salmasi, Vafi; Louis, Robert; Castro, Carina; Maddox, Roselani; Maddox, Todd; Darnall, Beth D (2022-05-25). "Durability of the Treatment Effects of an 8-Week Self-administered Home-Based Virtual Reality Program for Chronic Low Back Pain: 6-Month Follow-up Study of a Randomized Clinical Trial". Journal of Medical Internet Research. 24 (5): e37480. doi: 10.2196/37480 . ISSN   1438-8871. PMC   9177046 . PMID   35612905.
  11. ↑ Maddox, Todd; Garcia, Heidy; Ffrench, Kelsey; Maddox, Roselani; Garcia, Laura; Krishnamurthy, Parthasarathy; Okhotin, David; Sparks, Charisse; Oldstone, Liesl; Birckhead, Brandon; Sackman, Josh; Mackey, Ian; Louis, Robert; Salmasi, Vafi; Oyao, Alexis (2022-11-25). "In-home virtual reality program for chronic low back pain: durability of a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial to 18 months post-treatment". Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine. 49 (5): rapm–2022–104093. doi: 10.1136/rapm-2022-104093 . ISSN   1098-7339. PMC   11103290 . PMID   36427904. S2CID   253966824.
  12. 1 2 Mardian, Aram; Perez, Luzmercy; Pun, Ting; Cheung, Matthias; Porter, Joel; De Bruyne, Korina; Kao, Ming-Chih; Flood, Pamela; Moore, Nathaniel; Colloca, Luana; Cramer, Eric; Ashton-James, Claire E.; Lorig, Kate; Mackey, Sean C.; Darnall, Beth D. (April 2022). "Engagement in Prescription Opioid Tapering Research: the EMPOWER Study and a Coproduction Model of Success". Journal of General Internal Medicine. 37 (S1): 113–117. doi:10.1007/s11606-021-07085-w. ISSN   0884-8734. PMC   8993995 . PMID   34389937.
  13. ↑ Ziadni, Maisa; Chen, Abby L.; Krishnamurthy, Parthasarathy; Flood, Pamela; Stieg, Richard L.; Darnall, Beth D. (September 2020). "Patient-centered prescription opioid tapering in community outpatients with chronic pain: 2- to 3-year follow-up in a subset of patients". Pain Reports. 5 (5): e851. doi:10.1097/PR9.0000000000000851. ISSN   2471-2531. PMC   7808679 . PMID   33490845.
  14. 1 2 3 Darnall, Beth D; Mackey, Sean C; Lorig, Kate; Kao, Ming-Chih; Mardian, Aram; Stieg, Richard; Porter, Joel; DeBruyne, Korina; Murphy, Jennifer; Perez, Luzmercy; Okvat, Heather; Tian, Lu; Flood, Pamela; McGovern, Mark; Colloca, Luana (2020-08-01). "Comparative Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Chronic Pain and Chronic Pain Self-Management within the Context of Voluntary Patient-Centered Prescription Opioid Tapering: The EMPOWER Study Protocol". Pain Medicine. 21 (8): 1523–1531. doi:10.1093/pm/pnz285. ISSN   1526-2375. PMC   7530567 . PMID   31876947.
  15. ↑ Darnall, Beth D.; Ziadni, Maisa S.; Stieg, Richard L.; Mackey, Ian G.; Kao, Ming-Chih; Flood, Pamela (2018-05-01). "Patient-Centered Prescription Opioid Tapering in Community Outpatients With Chronic Pain". JAMA Internal Medicine. 178 (5): 707–708. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.8709. ISSN   2168-6114. PMC   5876887 . PMID   29459978.
  16. ↑ "NEJM Journal Watch: Summaries of and commentary on original medical and scientific articles from key medical journals". www.jwatch.org. Retrieved 2023-10-14.
  17. ↑ Lopez, German (2018-09-25). "Solving America's painkiller paradox". Vox. Retrieved 2023-10-14.
  18. ↑ Wallis, Claudia (January 2020). "How to Break the Bonds of Opioids". Scientific American. Retrieved 2023-10-14.
  19. ↑ Darnall, Beth D; Juurlink, David; Kerns, Robert D; Mackey, Sean; Van Dorsten, Brent; Humphreys, Keith; Gonzalez-Sotomayor, Julio A; Furlan, Andrea; Gordon, Adam J; Gordon, Debra B; Hoffman, Diane E; Katz, Joel; Kertesz, Stefan G; Satel, Sally; Lawhern, Richard A (2019-03-01). "International Stakeholder Community of Pain Experts and Leaders Call for an Urgent Action on Forced Opioid Tapering". Pain Medicine. 20 (3): 429–433. doi:10.1093/pm/pny228. ISSN   1526-2375. PMC   6657573 . PMID   30496540.
  20. ↑ Huber, Jennifer (2018-09-25). "Looking beyond opioids: Stanford pain psychologist briefs Congress". Scope. Retrieved 2023-10-14.
  21. ↑ Ribeiro, Celina (2020-02-15). "Life after opioids: 'We have not served our patients well'". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 2023-10-14.
  22. ↑ Darnall, Beth D; Juurlink, David; Kerns, Robert D; Mackey, Sean; Van Dorsten, Brent; Humphreys, Keith; Gonzalez-Sotomayor, Julio A; Furlan, Andrea; Gordon, Adam J; Gordon, Debra B; Hoffman, Diane E; Katz, Joel; Kertesz, Stefan G; Satel, Sally; Lawhern, Richard A (2019-03-01). "International Stakeholder Community of Pain Experts and Leaders Call for an Urgent Action on Forced Opioid Tapering". Pain Medicine. 20 (3): 429–433. doi:10.1093/pm/pny228. ISSN   1526-2375. PMC   6657573 . PMID   30496540.
  23. ↑ Darnall, Beth (2018-10-31). "Addressing the dual crises of pain and opioids — a case for patient-centeredness". The Hill. Retrieved 2023-10-14.
  24. ↑ Darnall, Beth D.; Roy, Anuradha; Chen, Abby L.; Ziadni, Maisa S.; Keane, Ryan T.; You, Dokyoung S.; Slater, Kristen; Poupore-King, Heather; Mackey, Ian; Kao, Ming-Chih; Cook, Karon F.; Lorig, Kate; Zhang, Dongxue; Hong, Juliette; Tian, Lu (2021-08-16). "Comparison of a Single-Session Pain Management Skills Intervention With a Single-Session Health Education Intervention and 8 Sessions of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Adults With Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial". JAMA Network Open. 4 (8): e2113401. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.13401. ISSN   2574-3805. PMC   8369357 . PMID   34398206.
  25. ↑ "NIH-funded study suggests a single skills-based session on pain management packs a punch". National Institutes of Health. August 16, 2021. Retrieved November 12, 2021.
  26. ↑ Subramanian, Sushma (November 10, 2021). "How Psychologists Can Treat Chronic Pain". The New York Times. Retrieved November 12, 2021.
  27. ↑ George, Judy (August 16, 2021). "Single-Session Skills Class Provides Chronic Pain Relief". MedPage Today. Retrieved September 1, 2021.
  28. ↑ "Pain Management Skills Class Aids Those With Chronic Low Back Pain". Physician's Weekly. August 31, 2021. Retrieved September 1, 2021.
  29. ↑ "Pain Management Best Practices Inter-Agency Task Force Report: Updates, Gaps, Inconsistencies, and Recommendations". U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. May 2019.
  30. ↑ "Empowered Relief". empoweredrelief.stanford.edu. Retrieved 2023-10-14.
  31. ↑ Darnall, Beth (2018-05-01). "To treat pain, study people in all their complexity". Nature. 557 (7703): 7. Bibcode:2018Natur.557....7D. doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-04994-5 . PMID   29717254.
  32. ↑ "Optimizing pain management through positive thinking - Beth Darnall". Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute. 2018-02-21. Retrieved 2020-01-11.
  33. ↑ . October 26, 2020 https://appliedvr.io/.{{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  34. ↑ Darnall, Beth D.; Krishnamurthy, Parthasarathy; Tsuei, Jeannette; Minor, Jorge D. (July 7, 2020). "Self-Administered Skills-Based Virtual Reality Intervention for Chronic Pain: Randomized Controlled Pilot Study". JMIR Formative Research. 4 (7): e17293. doi: 10.2196/17293 . PMC   7381022 . PMID   32374272.
  35. ↑ Garcia, Laura M; Birckhead, Brandon J; Krishnamurthy, Parthasarathy; Sackman, Josh; Mackey, Ian G; Louis, Robert G; Salmasi, Vafi; Maddox, Todd; Darnall, Beth D (2021-02-22). "An 8-Week Self-Administered At-Home Behavioral Skills-Based Virtual Reality Program for Chronic Low Back Pain: Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial Conducted During COVID-19". Journal of Medical Internet Research. 23 (2): e26292. doi: 10.2196/26292 . ISSN   1438-8871. PMC   7939946 . PMID   33484240.
  36. ↑ Garcia, Laura; Birckhead, Brandon; Krishnamurthy, Parthasarathy; Mackey, Ian; Sackman, Josh; Salmasi, Vafi; Louis, Robert; Castro, Carina; Maddox, Roselani; Maddox, Todd; Darnall, Beth D (2022-05-25). "Durability of the Treatment Effects of an 8-Week Self-administered Home-Based Virtual Reality Program for Chronic Low Back Pain: 6-Month Follow-up Study of a Randomized Clinical Trial". Journal of Medical Internet Research. 24 (5): e37480. doi: 10.2196/37480 . ISSN   1438-8871. PMC   9177046 . PMID   35612905.
  37. ↑ Maddox, Todd; Sparks, Charisse; Oldstone, Liesl; Maddox, Roselani; Ffrench, Kelsey; Garcia, Heidy; Krishnamurthy, Parthasarathy; Okhotin, David; Garcia, Laura M.; Birckhead, Brandon J.; Sackman, Josh; Mackey, Ian; Louis, Robert; Salmasi, Vafi; Oyao, Alexis (2023-10-03). "Durable chronic low back pain reductions up to 24 months after treatment for an accessible, 8-week, in-home behavioral skills-based virtual reality program: a randomized controlled trial". Pain Medicine (Malden, Mass.). 24 (10): 1200–1203. doi:10.1093/pm/pnad070. ISSN   1526-4637. PMC   10546478 . PMID   37220894.
  38. ↑ NIH IPRCC https://www.iprcc.nih.gov/About/Membership-Agency-Representation . Retrieved October 26, 2020.{{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  39. ↑ "CDC Opioid Workgroup Roster" (PDF). Retrieved October 26, 2020.
  40. ↑ Darnall, Beth D.; Ziadni, Maisa S.; Stieg, Richard L.; Mackey, Ian G.; Kao, Ming-Chih; Flood, Pamela (2018-05-01). "Patient-Centered Prescription Opioid Tapering in Community Outpatients With Chronic Pain". JAMA Internal Medicine. 178 (5): 707–708. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.8709. ISSN   2168-6106. PMC   5876887 . PMID   29459978.
  41. ↑ "Comparing Two Online Programs for Treating Chronic Pain -- The PROGRESS Study". Comparing Two Online Programs for Treating Chronic Pain -- The PROGRESS Study | PCORI. 2021-12-01. Retrieved 2023-10-14.
  42. ↑ "Beth Darnall's Profile | Stanford Profiles". profiles.stanford.edu. Retrieved 2018-10-20.
  43. ↑ Darnall, Beth (2018). Psychological treatment for patients with chronic pain (First ed.). Washington DC. ISBN   978-1-4338-2943-7. OCLC   1048635154.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  44. ↑ Darnall, Beth (2016). The opioid-free pain relief kit : 10 simple steps to ease your pain. Boulder, Colorado. ISBN   978-1-936693-98-6. OCLC   951556332.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  45. ↑ Darnall, Beth. (July 2014). Less pain, fewer pills : avoid the dangers of prescription opioids and gain control over chronic pain. Boulder, Colorado. ISBN   978-1-936693-59-7. OCLC   883663980.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  46. ↑ McAnally, Heath B. (2019). Preoperative optimization of the chronic pain patient : enhanced recovery before surgery. Freeman, Lynda W.,, Darnall, Beth. New York. ISBN   978-0-19-092017-3. OCLC   1114275995.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
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