The Bethel Union, full name British and Foreign Seamen's Friend Society and Bethel Union, was a religious organisation for seafarers founded in 1819 by George Charles Smith ("Boatswain Smith"). [1]
The main seaports in England in the early 1800s were well served by numerous religious organisations that devoted themselves to the religious welfare of seafarers of merchant and navy ships. These societies were the precursors of the 'Seamen's Missions' still to be found in ports all over the world which provide social facilities, of more than a purely religious character. Crews are able to spend spare time ashore relaxing in a friendly and welcoming 'club-like' atmosphere. The Bethel ships provided by The Royal National Mission to Deep Sea Fishermen ( now known as the Fishermens Mission) provided respite, medical care, and when requested services at sea, to those who worked in what was and is still considered to be the most dangerous job in the world outside of the armed forces during conflict, the Fishermen, they would go out with the Fishing fleets taking many of the same risks in the freezing weather to look after the welfare of the Fishermen. The Fishermens Mission is still with us today as the only Charity to exclusively look after fishermen and their families Welfare, providing emergency support alongside practical, financial, spiritual and emotional care for all fishermen, active or retired, and their families. [2]
One of these groups was known as the Bethel Movement whose activities were focused on chaplains conducting services on board ships lying in the port of London, and distributing religious tracts to crews, which spread to other ports of the British Empire such as Liverpool and Bristol and Sydney. Bethel is a Hebrew word meaning 'House of God'. Following a perceived need for a more formal organisation in 1819 to be known as the Bethel Union was founded.
In Bristol a branch of the Seamen's Friend Society and Bethel Union was established in 1820. [3] In 1821 the hulk of the Aristomenes was purchased, fitted as a place of worship and moored at The Grove in Bristol. Dubbed 'The Ark' it could accommodate 800-1000 worshipers. A sailors home was later established. In 1846 the Aristomenes was condemned and replaced by H.M. bomb-ship Ætna, also moored at the Grove. It was replaced in 1883 by the Gloriosa, moored at Markdyke, a mile west down the Floating Harbour on Hotwells Road. [3]
In Sydney, a Bethel Union Society was formed in 1822. In 1828 the Hobart Bethel Union Society was founded by George Augustus Robinson [4] and set up on board a former magazine ship in Sullivan's Cove in 1828. [5]
A more permanent base for the Sydney organisation was obtained from the colonial authorities in 1832, on Darling Harbour, which was moved in 1851. Five years later a site was obtained on Circular Quay ('The Rocks') and a church built in 1859, with an Annual Service to seafarers. The facilities were extended in the 1870s. In 1895, the Church of England Mission to Seamen became a Branch of The Missions to Seamen, England. Further extensions of the Sydney Bethel Union were made in 1910 with a recreation hall, a new chapel and a vestry, administrative offices, a library and an Officers' Room with some accommodation cubicles, a gymnasium, smoking room and other facilities were added. [6]
On redevelopment of Circular Quay in the 1970s, a new site was obtained at 11-15 Macquarie Place, Sydney. It was opened in April 1977. Changes in the patterns of ship operations (smaller crews and faster turn round times) soon prompted At this time rapid changes were occurring in international shipping and these affected the operations of The Missions to Seamen. Macquarie Place was sold in 1985 and a property at 320-324 Sussex Street was obtained and the new facilities opened in 1993. Rebranded The Mission to Seafarers in 2002, The Sussex Street property was sold in 2011 and a new property was purchased at 24 Hickson Road, Millers Point.
Sydney Bethel Union continues to provide financial support to The Mission to Seafarers in Sydney and elsewhere in New South Wales. [7]
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Circular Quay is a harbour, former working port and now international passenger shipping terminal, public piazza and tourism precinct, heritage area, and transport node located in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, on the northern edge of the Sydney central business district on Sydney Cove, between Bennelong Point and The Rocks. It is part of the local government area of the City of Sydney.
The Mission to Seafarers is a Christian welfare charity serving merchant crews around the world. It operates through a global Mission 'family' network of chaplains, staff and volunteers and provides practical, emotional and spiritual support through ship visits, drop-in seafarers centres and a range of welfare and emergency support services.
Thomas Kendall was a schoolmaster, an early missionary to Māori people in New Zealand, and a recorder of the Māori language. An evangelical Anglican, he and his family were in the first group of missionaries to New Zealand, accompanied to the Bay of Islands by Samuel Marsden in December 1814 and settling there. He wrote the first book in Māori, published in 1815. By 1821 he felt it necessary to accede to local Māori demands for guns in order to ensure their continued protection of the mission, and the Church Missionary Society dismissed him in 1822 for gun dealing. Marsden visited New Zealand to dismiss him in person in 1823, after learning that he had committed adultery with a Māori woman. Kendall left New Zealand in 1825 and died in a ship sinking in Australia in 1832.
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Sailors’ Society is an international Christian charity working in ports across the world. The organisation has chaplains and ship visitors in 91 global ports, who help seafarers and their families, from all faiths and none, with welfare and practical support.
The Maritime Labour Convention (MLC) is an International Labour Organization (ILO) convention, number 186, established in 2006 as the fourth pillar of international maritime law and embodies "all up-to-date standards of existing international maritime labour Conventions and Recommendations, as well as the fundamental principles to be found in other international labour Conventions". The other pillars are the SOLAS, STCW and MARPOL. The treaties applies to all ships entering the harbours of parties to the treaty (port states), as well as to all ships flying the flag of state party (flag states, as of 2021: over 97 per cent).
The Boston Seaman's Friend Society or Seafarer's Friend is a charitable religious organization based in Boston, Massachusetts. It aims to improve the welfare of mariners.
Edward Thompson Taylor was an American Methodist minister. He joined the New England Annual Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1819 and was an itinerant preacher in southeastern New England for 10 years. In 1829, the Port Society of Boston hired Taylor to be the chaplain of the Seamen’s Bethel, a mission to sailors. In Boston, “Father Taylor” became famous as an eloquent and colorful preacher, a sailors’ advocate, and a temperance activist.
Samuel Chenery Damon was a missionary to Hawaii, pastor of the Seamen's Bethel Church, chaplain of the Honolulu American Seamen's Friend Society and editor of the monthly newspaper The Friend.
Captain John Dibbs was a master mariner prominent during 1822–1835 in the seas around the colony of New South Wales, New Zealand and the Society Islands. Dibbs was master of the colonial schooner Endeavour 1822–1824, the brig Haweis 1824–1827 and the barque Lady Blackwood 1827–1834. He is credited as the European discoverer of Rarotonga and several other islands. Most of his voyages involved the transporting of missionaries, trade, whaling and seal hunting. He was believed for over 170 years to have disappeared at sea in 1835. He was the father of Sir George Dibbs, a pre-Federation Australian politician, Sir Thomas Dibbs, an Australian banker, and John Campbell Dibbs, a successful Sydney businessman.
Edward Lombe was a merchantman and passenger three-masted barque built in 1828 by Thomas Brodrick, of Whitby, England.
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The Mariners' Church is a heritage-listed former church and seamen's mission and now nightclub, bar and restaurant located at 98–100 George Street in the inner city Sydney suburb of The Rocks in the City of Sydney local government area of New South Wales, Australia. It was designed in various stages by J. Bibb, H. C. Kent and Kent & Massie and was built from 1856 to 1859. It is also known as Mission to Seamen; Rawson Institute for Seamen & Mariners' Church; Craft Centre. The property is owned by Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority, an agency of the Government of New South Wales. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 10 May 2002. The building was previously a cafe, place of worship and craft centre.
The North American Maritime Ministry Association (NAMMA) is an ecumenical Christian seafarers’ welfare organization and professional association for seafarers’ welfare workers.