Bevil Wooding

Last updated
Bevil Wooding
Bevil Wooding.jpg
Nationality Trinidad and Tobago
Alma mater University of the West Indies
Occupation(s)Technologist and Development Strategist
Organization(s) Congress WBN, ARIN, PCH
Known forICT work in the Caribbean
Title
  • Chief Knowledge Officer at Congress WBN
  • Director of Caribbean Affairs at ARIN
  • Internet Strategist at PCH

Bevil Wooding is a Trinidadian technologist and development strategist, who is the Chief Knowledge Officer at Congress WBN, a UK-registered charity, with operations in over 120 countries. [1] He is known for his work in the field of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in the Caribbean. In 2010, he was named by ICANN as one of the Trusted Community Representatives for the Domain Name System Security Extensions (DNSSEC) root. [2] [3] [4] Wooding advocates developing states and emerging economies to create policies, build infrastructure and leverage human resource capacity for technology-enabled development. [5] [6] He has been described as "a visionary who believes that the Caribbean Economy can be enhanced through ICTs and Internet development.” [7]

Contents

He is currently the Director of Caribbean Affairs at the American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN), and an Internet Strategist for the US based non-profit Packet Clearing House (PCH). He also serves as a Special Advisor to the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) and the Caribbean Telecommunications Union (CTU). His work spans several sectors and includes public awareness, capacity building and policy development. [8] [9] [10]

Wooding's work with the Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ) has led to the creation of a special non-profit agency, APEX, to support the implementation of technology innovations within the Caribbean justice system. He currently serves as executive director of APEX. [11]

Honours and awards

Caribbean initiatives

Caribbean Network Operators Group (CaribNOG)

In 2009 Bevil Wooding and Stephen Lee with support from the Caribbean Telecommunications Union co-founded the Caribbean Network Operators Group (CaribNOG), as a volunteer-based association and forum for computer network experts and enthuasists to exchange knowledge and ideas. CaribNOG is one of several Internet network operators' groups worldwide. CaribNOG holds two regional meetings each year where topics such as cloud computing, IPv6 and cybersecurity are discussed. [22] [23] The inaugural regional gathering was held in St. Maarten in August 2010, with participation from across the Caribbean as well as the United Kingdom, North America, Mexico, New Zealand and Argentina. [24] [25] The 2018 gathering placed emphasis on the role and responsibility of regional technology professionals in the area of cybersecurity. [26] The first National CyberSecurity Symposium in Belize was organized by Wooding and the CaribNOG team, in collaboration with the Belize Public Utilities Commission and other partners and sponsoring organizations. [27] [28]

Caribbean ICT Roadshow

Wooding is the co-architect and first Program Director of the Caribbean Telecommunications Union's (CTU) Caribbean ICT Roadshow. [2] The Caribbean ICT Roadshow was launched in 2009 as a public awareness and education campaign designed to demonstrate how technology can be used to transform Caribbean society and economies. [29] [30] The initiative targets governments, entrepreneurs, the elderly and youth, through customized programs ranging from lectures to hands-on workshops and panel discussions. [31] [32] As of 2018 there have been 23 editions of the CTU Caribbean ICT Roadshow in 18 countries. [33] [34]

Internet Exchange Points (IXPs) in the Caribbean

In his role as an Internet Strategist for Packet Clearing House, Wooding has worked to raise awareness of and advance investment and development in Internet exchange points (IXPs) across the Caribbean. Instead of Caribbean countries relying on international exchange points to carry local data between Internet service providers (ISPs), developing local IXPs can help countries to conserve operating costs, boost digital security, improve internet quality, and increase internet access. [35] He has contributed to the establishment of IXPs in Barbados, Belize, BVI, Dominica, Grenada, Jamaica, St Lucia, St Vincent and the Grenadines, and Trinidad and Tobago. [7] [36] [37] At the launch of the first IXP in Belize, Wooding stated that this type of internet infrastructural development is a “small but vital step in the journey toward the development of the Belizean and the Caribbean Internet Economy”. [38]

Caribbean Peering and Interconnection Forum (CarPIF)

Wooding co-founded the Caribbean Peering and Interconnection Forum (CarPIF), a regional event to bring together senior decision makers from internet service providers, cloud providers and content delivery networks. [39] [40] He describes CarPIF as “where the economic underpinnings of the traffic exchange and peering relationships that define the Internet are discussed using Caribbean data and Caribbean examples, to a Caribbean audience.” [41] CarPIF addresses challenges to internet connectivity, access and affordability. [42] [43] The inaugural event was held in Barbados in 2015. Since then, host countries have included Curaçao, St. Maarten and Belize. [44] [45] [46]

Network resilience and cybersecurity

Network resilience and cybersecurity have been high priorities for Wooding, who has conducted numerous workshops and presentations raising awareness about the threats facing the Caribbean and the work of organizations such as CTU, CaribNOG and ARIN to build local capacity, strengthen networks and protect the regional internet. [47] [48] [49] [50] Resilience refers to “the ability of a network to maintain acceptable levels of service in the face of a range of challenges, including cyber-attacks and natural disasters, and even user-errors.” [51] Made up of numerous small-island states, the Caribbean region is particularly susceptible to the effects of extreme weather events and natural disasters, such as hurricanes. [52]

Through ARIN training events across the region, Wooding has been educating regional agencies about how to strengthen and secure local networks. In 2018, St. Kitts & Nevis became the first in the Caribbean to be assigned its own autonomous system number, or ASN, taking the first step towards network autonomy. [53]

Justice sector transformation

Wooding together with Sir Dennis Byron is a co-architect of the non-profit agency APEX, established by the Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ) in 2016. Since then he has been instrumental in coordinating development and delivery of technology for Caribbean courts and the justice sector in the region. APEX technology has been implemented in several countries, including Barbados, Belize, Guyana, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, and Trinidad and Tobago for electronic filing, case management and court performance management. [11] [54] [55]

Educational initiatives

Technology education

In 2006 Wooding founded the BrightPath Foundation, a non-profit organization providing values-based technology and digital content training. He serves as executive director with oversight for current initiatives including mobile app development, classroom technologies, digital publishing and photography training. [56] In 2012 he coordinated the development and implementation of the BrightPath Jumpstart program, an initiative that brings high school students together with practicing professionals who provide mentorship, training and ICT industry insight. The program was launched through a pilot project at NorthGate College in St. Augustine, Trinidad. [57]

Following St. Lucia's first Mobile App Development workshop in 2012, the National Youth Council of St. Lucia signed a Memorandum of Understanding with BrightPath Foundation to collaborate on a range of technology education initiatives targeted at the youth. [58] TechLink – a regional program offering hands-on training in digital content creation and related technology skills - was launched in Grenada in November 2013, and by the end of 2014, over 400 educators, entrepreneurs, young people and parents had participated in TechLink events held in Antigua & Barbuda, Barbados, St. Kitts & Nevis, St. Lucia and Trinidad & Tobago. [59] [60]

Curriculum development

In 2012, Congress WBN signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the Caribbean Examinations Council (CXC), focused on providing values-based leadership and supporting ICT education delivery. [61] Through this partnership, Wooding worked closely with CXC to create the Caribbean's first-ever Digital Media syllabus, along with a training toolkit of instructional videos and resource materials to assist educators with implementing the curriculum in their classrooms. [62] [63] The Digital Media examination was the first to be delivered electronically. [64]

Related Research Articles

The American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN) is the regional Internet registry for Canada, the United States, and many Caribbean and North Atlantic islands. ARIN manages the distribution of Internet number resources, including IPv4 and IPv6 address space and AS numbers. ARIN opened for business on December 22, 1997 after incorporating on April 18, 1997. ARIN is a nonprofit corporation with headquarters in Chantilly, Virginia, United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Saint Kitts and Nevis</span> Country in the West Indies

Saint Kitts and Nevis, officially the Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis, is an island country and microstate consisting of the two islands of Saint Kitts and Nevis, both located in the West Indies, in the Leeward Islands chain of the Lesser Antilles. With 261 square kilometers of territory, and roughly 50,000 inhabitants, it is the smallest sovereign state in the Western Hemisphere, in both area and population, as well as the world's smallest sovereign federation. The country is a Commonwealth realm, with Charles III as King and head of state. It is the only sovereign federation in the Caribbean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Communications in Iran</span> Overview of telecommunications in Iran

Iran's telecommunications industry is almost entirely state-owned, dominated by the Telecommunication Company of Iran (TCI). Fixed-line penetration in 2004 was relatively well-developed by regional standards, standing at 22 lines per 100 people, higher than Egypt with 14 and Saudi Arabia with 15, although behind the UAE with 27. Iran had more than 1 mobile phone per inhabitant by 2012.

An autonomous system (AS) is a collection of connected Internet Protocol (IP) routing prefixes under the control of one or more network operators on behalf of a single administrative entity or domain, that presents a common and clearly defined routing policy to the Internet. Each AS is assigned an autonomous system number (ASN), for use in Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) routing. Autonomous System Numbers are assigned to Local Internet Registries (LIRs) and end user organizations by their respective Regional Internet Registries (RIRs), which in turn receive blocks of ASNs for reassignment from the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). The IANA also maintains a registry of ASNs which are reserved for private use.

Internet exchange points are common grounds of IP networking, allowing participant Internet service providers (ISPs) to exchange data destined for their respective networks. IXPs are generally located at places with preexisting connections to multiple distinct networks, i.e., datacenters, and operate physical infrastructure (switches) to connect their participants. Organizationally, most IXPs are each independent not-for-profit associations of their constituent participating networks. The primary alternative to IXPs is private peering, where ISPs directly connect their networks to each other.

The global digital divide describes global disparities, primarily between developed and developing countries, in regards to access to computing and information resources such as the Internet and the opportunities derived from such access. As with a smaller unit of analysis, this gap describes an inequality that exists, referencing a global scale.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United Nations Information and Communication Technologies Task Force</span>

The United Nations Information and Communication Technologies Task Force was a multi-stakeholder initiative associated with the United Nations which is "intended to lend a truly global dimension to the multitude of efforts to bridge the global digital divide, foster digital opportunity and thus firmly put ICT at the service of development for all".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Information and communications technology</span> Extensional term for information technology

Information and communications technology (ICT) is an extensional term for information technology (IT) that stresses the role of unified communications and the integration of telecommunications and computers, as well as necessary enterprise software, middleware, storage and audiovisual, that enable users to access, store, transmit, understand and manipulate information.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Caribbean Examinations Council</span> Caribbean-based examination board

The Caribbean Examinations Council (CXC) is an examination board in the Caribbean. It was established in 1972 under agreement by the participating governments in the Caribbean Community to conduct such examinations as it may think appropriate and award certificates and diplomas on the results of any such examinations so conducted. The council is empowered to regulate the conduct of any such examinations and prescribe the qualification requirements of candidates and the fees payable by them. It is now an examining body that provides educational certifications in 16 English speaking Commonwealth Caribbean Countries and Territories and has replaced the General Certificate of Education (GCE) examinations used by England and some other members of the Commonwealth. The CXC is an institution of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM); it was recognised as an Associate Institution of the Community in the 1973 treaty that created the Caribbean Community. Members of the council are drawn from the 16 territories and the region's two universities, the University of Guyana and the University of the West Indies.

Technological literacy is the ability to use, manage, understand, and assess technology. Technological literacy is related to digital literacy in that when an individual is proficient in using computers and other digital devices to access the Internet, digital literacy gives them the ability to use the Internet to discover, review, evaluate, create, and use information via various digital platforms, such as web browsers, databases, online journals, magazines, newspapers, blogs, and social media sites.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bill Woodcock</span> Internet infrastructure pioneer

Bill Woodcock is the executive director of Packet Clearing House, the international organization responsible for providing operational support and security to critical Internet infrastructure, including Internet exchange points and the core of the domain name system; the chairman of the Foundation Council of Quad9; the president of WoodyNet; and the CEO of EcoTruc and EcoRace, companies developing electric vehicle technology for work and motorsport. Bill founded one of the earliest Internet service providers, and is best known for his 1989 development of the anycast routing technique that is now ubiquitous in Internet content distribution networks and the domain name system.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Internet in Africa</span> Internet access and usage in Africa

The Internet in Africa is limited by a lower penetration rate when compared to the rest of the world. Measurable parameters such as the number of ISP subscriptions, overall number of hosts, IXP-traffic, and overall available bandwidth are indicators that Africa is far behind the "digital divide". Moreover, Africa itself exhibits an inner digital divide, with most Internet activity and infrastructure concentrated in South Africa, Morocco, Egypt as well as smaller economies like Mauritius and Seychelles. In general, only 24.4% of the African population have access to the Internet, as of 2018. Only 0.4% of the African population has a fixed-broadband subscription. The majority of internet users use it through mobile broadband.

Internet network operators' groups (NOGs) are informal, country-based, or regional groups that exist to provide forums for Internet network operators to discuss matters of mutual interest, usually through a combination of mailing lists and annual conferences. Although these groups have no formal power, their members are typically influential members of the Internet service provider (ISP), Internet exchange point (IXP), regional Internet registry (RIR), operational security community, Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) operations, Domain Name System (DNS) and root zone operations, and other network operations communities, and discussions within these groups are often influential in the overall process of ensuring the Internet remains operational, robust, secure, and stable. They also allow networking professionals and other members of the research and technical communities to update each other on their work, share news and updates, exchange best practices, discuss new technologies or protocols, teach and learn from each other, network with other members of the community, and discuss current network- and Internet-related issues and challenges.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Caribbean</span> Region to the east of Central America

The Caribbean is a region of the Americas that consists of the Caribbean Sea, its islands and the surrounding coasts. The region is southeast of the Gulf of Mexico and the North American mainland, east of Central America, and north of South America.

The Ministry of Energy, Science & Technology, and Public Utilities (Belize) was founded in 2012. The Ministry is currently divided into the Department of Geology and Petroleum, the Energy Unit and the Science and Technology Unit. The Ministry is represented by Senator Joy Grant and CEO Dr Colin Young, and has an office in Belmopan.

Nelcia Robinson-Hazell is a Black Carib poet, community organizer and activist. She has spearheaded the development of policy initiatives throughout the Caribbean on issues regarding gender and indigenous identity. Serving as the president of the National Council of Women of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, she began in the 1980s to change the organization toward political action. Recognizing a need to establish research on the needs of women, she was involved in the creation of both local and regional organizations to analyze and develop information about the socio-economic and political inequalities women faced. She created similar initiatives for indigenous peoples, beginning first in Saint Vincent and then expanding them regionally. Robinson has been involved in international directives including the World Summit for Social Development and the 1995 World Conference on Women, as well as follow-up conferences discussing such issues as poverty, economic empowerment and violence against women. She has served as a civil society representative on the Regional Judicial and Legal Services Commissions and as chair of the Commonwealth Women's Network.

Digital rights—human rights in relation to digital technologies—present particular challenges in the Caribbean countries, due to its geographies, political context, social inequalities and cultural diversity. While they face the same problem of digital divides as other regions, for islands the impacts of not accessing or understanding digital technologies can have particularly harmful consequences. Similar concerns could be found in terms of gender-based violence online, a global problem encompassing psychological, physical, emotional and sexual violence. This affects more acutely girls and young women and brings about special concerns within the Caribbean. However, there are other topics which are utmost problematic because of the history and type of applicable law system in countries from this region, such as in the case of digital identity and internet shutdowns. Despite variations across Caribbean countries, issues happening in one country can be replicated within the region or can affect people living in other countries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Caribbean Telecommunications Union</span>

The Caribbean Telecommunications Union (CTU) is an intergovernmental organization established by CARICOM in 1989, to facilitate development of the telecommunications sector in the Caribbean.

References

  1. "Congress WBN | Faith-Based Global Human Development". Congress WBN. Retrieved 2018-12-22.
  2. 1 2 Best, Gerard (2011-01-01). "Bevil Wooding: casting the internet wider". Caribbean Beat Magazine (107). Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  3. "IANA — Trusted Community Representatives". www.iana.org. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  4. "The Digital Seven: Internet Guardians in Case of Catastrophe". www.cbsnews.com. Retrieved 2019-08-02.
  5. Best, Gerard (2017-07-19). "Why the Caribbean Needs to Strengthen Its Internet Infrastructure". Caribbean Journal. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  6. Saakana, Amon Saba (2011-10-06). "Avoiding the threat of Caribbean Cyber Colonisation". www.guardian.co.tt. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  7. 1 2 3 DiscoverMNITeam (2017-11-14). "Tech Evangelist, Bevil Wooding receives Caribbean American Heritage Award". Discover Montserrat. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  8. "Trinidadian Bevil Wooding appointed as ARIN Caribbean Outreach Liaison". South Florida Caribbean News. 2017-10-14. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  9. "Connecting with the Caribbean". Team ARIN. 2017-08-01. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  10. "ARIN Launches Caribbean Forum". Team ARIN. 2018-04-09. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  11. 1 2 Dowrich-Phillips, Laura (2017-12-01). "Caribbean courts embrace technology for improved justice". www.looptt.com. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  12. "UWI Today". sta.uwi.edu. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  13. "UWI celebrates 50 of its distinguished alumni". www.guardian.co.tt. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  14. "Lifetime Achievement Award 2013". www.lacnic.net. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  15. Best, Gerard. "Wooding receives LACNIC lifetime achievement award". www.guardian.co.tt. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  16. DiscoverMNITeam (2016-10-31). "Building the Caribbean Internet Economy". Discover Montserrat. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  17. "ICT expert calls for policy to support the youth in digital economy". www.looptt.com. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  18. "Sir Arthur Lewis Memorial Lecture | Eastern Caribbean Central Bank". www.eccb-centralbank.org. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  19. "Technology pioneers honoured for contribution to Caribbean Internet governance". South Florida Caribbean News. 2019-05-04. Retrieved 2019-06-07.
  20. "Seven technology pioneers honoured for contribution to Caribbean Internet governance". SightLine. 2019-05-01. Retrieved 2019-06-07.
  21. "Caribbean Credit Unions Encouraged to Use Technology to Improve Customer Experience". South Florida Caribbean News. 2019-08-01. Retrieved 2019-08-02.
  22. "Past Meetings". Caribbean Network Operators Group. Retrieved 2017-12-05.
  23. Staff Reporter (2011-09-29). "Caribbean Tech Experts Tackle Network Security". Guyana Chronicle. Retrieved 2019-01-02.
  24. "St. Martin News Network - St. Maarten Hosts Historic Inaugural CaribNOG Meeting". smn-news.com. 2010-08-09. Retrieved 2019-01-02.
  25. "International Tech Experts Tackle Network Security". St. Martin News Network. 2010-08-18. Retrieved 2019-01-02.
  26. "Caribbean Computer Experts to Tackle Cyber Security". Caribbean360. 2017-12-21. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  27. "Belize Cyber Security". Caribbean Network Operators Group. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  28. "Belize to Host First National Cybersecurity Symposium". Caribbean Journal. 2017-03-30. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  29. "Caribbean ICT Roadshow comes to Trinidad and Tobago". Caribbean News Now. 2011-01-11. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  30. "St Maarten's ICT Week Attracts International Tech Heavyweights — Caribbean Community (CARICOM)". caricom.org. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  31. Staff Writer (2010-10-28). "Man with a key to the internet:Building the elusive information society". Stabroek News. Retrieved 2019-01-02.
  32. "ICT Roadshow Creators Call for Montserratians to Innovate". Ministry of Communications & Works. 2010-03-29. Retrieved 2019-01-02.
  33. "CTU Caribbean ICT Roadshow - Caribbean Telecommunications Union". www.ctu.int. Archived from the original on 2018-12-21. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  34. "ICT Roadshow Montserrat to be launched at Executive Forum". Radio Montserrat.
  35. Wooding, Bevil (2016-07-15). "The Value of IXPs" (PDF).
  36. "ICT history created in Grenada. Launches an Internet Exchange Point | |". Silicon Caribe. 2011-05-23. Retrieved 2019-01-02.
  37. "CARCIP CTU Symposium on an Internet Exchange Point in SVG". Redgealc (Red de gobierno electrónico de América Latina y el Caribe). 2013-12-20. Archived from the original on 2020-07-25. Retrieved 2019-01-02.
  38. "A Boost for Internet in Belize". Caribbean Journal. 2016-04-29. Retrieved 2019-01-02.
  39. Wooding, Bevil. "Caribbean Internet Peering: Building the human network". Trinidad and Tobago Guardian . Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  40. "Business View Caribbean | March 2019". businessviewcaribbean.com. Retrieved 2019-06-07.
  41. "Caribbean Peering Forum brings dream of better Internet closer". Caribbean News Now. 2018-07-03. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  42. "Grenada To Host Major Regional Forum On Internet Connectivity". pressroom.oecs.org. Retrieved 2019-06-07.
  43. Admin (2019-03-20). "Grenada to host major ICT conference in June". St. Lucia News Online. Retrieved 2019-06-07.
  44. "Global Internet Content Providers Turn Attention to Caribbean Facebook, Google, Akamai coming for CarPIF 2". Times Caribbean. 2016-05-23. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  45. "Caribbean Internet Peering Forum kicks-off in Sint Maarten". www.looptt.com. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  46. "Belize to Host Caribbean Peering and Interconnection Forum". www.circleid.com. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  47. "St Vincent Moves to Strengthen Cybersecurity". www.caribjournal.com. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  48. "St. Kitts-Nevis better positioned to manage internet resources after workshop". The St Kitts Nevis Observer. 2018-03-09. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  49. "Caribbean must strengthen its Internet infrastructure". pressroom.oecs.org. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  50. "Expert warns C'bean must strengthen its Internet infrastructure". Jamaica Observer. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  51. "A climate of change for the Caribbean internet". Curaçao Chronicle. 2018-04-23. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  52. "Internet expert calls for stronger Caribbean network resilience". www.thedailyherald.sx. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  53. "St Kitts and Nevis Government First in Caribbean To Get Unique Internet Identity". Caribbean360. 2018-03-23. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  54. "Strengthening Justice Delivery in the Caribbean". pressroom.oecs.org. Retrieved 2018-12-21.
  55. oecstv, APEX: An Overview , retrieved 2018-12-21
  56. "Bright Future for Mobile Apps out of St Kitts & Nevis | |". Silicon Caribe. Retrieved 2019-01-02.
  57. "NorthGate College Graduation 2012 Keynote Address by Mr Bevil Wooding | NorthGate College". www.northgatecollege.com. Retrieved 2018-12-27.
  58. Admin (2013-05-23). "National Youth Council signs MOU with BrightPath Foundation to collaborate on technology training". St. Lucia News Online. Retrieved 2019-01-02.
  59. Fennell, Brittney (2014-07-04). "Bright Path to Digital Careers at Techlink Barbados". Atlanta Black Star. Retrieved 2019-01-02.
  60. "BrightPath Foundation brings TechLink to T&T". SightLine. 2014-09-19. Retrieved 2019-01-02.
  61. "CXC Annual Report 2012". www.cxc.org. Retrieved 2018-12-27.
  62. "CXC launches Digital Media syllabus – Antigua Observer Newspaper". antiguaobserver.com. Retrieved 2018-12-27.
  63. "CAPE Digital Media Course Signals New Approach". Caribarena. 2013-09-07. Retrieved 2018-12-27.
  64. "CXC introduces online exam for 2014". The New Today Newspaper Grenada. 2013-07-03. Retrieved 2018-12-27.
  1. Congress WBN
  2. CarPIF
  3. CaribNOG
  4. Caribbean Telecommunications Union
  5. Institute of Caribbean Studies
  6. APEX
  7. BrightPath Foundation
  8. Jumpstart Program