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The Western canon is the body of high-culture literature, music, philosophy, and works of art that are highly valued in the West; works that have achieved the status of classics. However, not all these works originate in the Western world, and such works are also valued throughout the globe. It is "a certain Western intellectual tradition that goes from, say, Socrates to Wittgenstein in philosophy, and from Homer to James Joyce in literature".
The history of literature is the historical development of writings in prose or poetry that attempt to provide entertainment, enlightenment, or instruction to the reader/listener/observer, as well as the development of the literary techniques used in the communication of these pieces. Not all writings constitute literature. Some recorded materials, such as compilations of data are not considered literature, and this article relates only to the evolution of the works defined above.
The Safavid dynasty was one of Iran's most significant ruling dynasties reigning from 1501 to 1736. Their rule is often considered the beginning of modern Iranian history, as well as one of the gunpowder empires. The Safavid Shāh Ismā'īl I established the Twelver denomination of Shīʿa Islam as the official religion of the Persian Empire, marking one of the most important turning points in the history of Islam. The Safavid dynasty had its origin in the Safavid order of Sufism, which was established in the city of Ardabil in the Iranian Azerbaijan region. It was an Iranian dynasty of Kurdish origin, but during their rule they intermarried with Turkoman, Georgian, Circassian, and Pontic Greek dignitaries, nevertheless they were Turkic-speaking and Turkified. From their base in Ardabil, the Safavids established control over parts of Greater Iran and reasserted the Iranian identity of the region, thus becoming the first native dynasty since the Sasanian Empire to establish a national state officially known as Iran.
Azerbaijani literature is written in Azerbaijani, a Turkic language, which is the official state language of the Republic of Azerbaijan, where the North Azerbaijani variety is spoken. It is also natively spoken in Iran, where the South Azerbaijani variety is used, and is particularly spoken in the northwestern historic region of Azerbaijan. Azerbaijani is also spoken natively in Russia, Georgia and Turkey. While the majority of Azerbaijani people live in Iran, modern Azerbaijani literature is overwhelmingly produced in the Republic of Azerbaijan, where the language has official status. Three scripts are used for writing the language: Azerbaijani Latin script in the Republic of Azerbaijan, Arabic script in Iran and Cyrillic script formerly used in Soviet Azerbaijan.
A Persianate society is a society that is based on or strongly influenced by the Persian language, culture, literature, art and/or identity.
Western literature, also known as European literature, is the literature written in the context of Western culture in the languages of Europe, and is shaped by the periods in which they were conceived, with each period containing prominent western authors, poets, and pieces of literature.
Mir Anvar Pashayev, known by his literary pen-name Mir Jalal, was an Azerbaijani writer and literary critic. He was the grandfather of Azerbaijan's current First Lady Mehriban Aliyeva.
Seyid Azim Shirvani was an Azerbaijani poet and enlightener. He got his first religious education in Iraq. After returning to motherland he refused his spiritual dignity and opened a private school. Seyid Azim Shirvani continued Fuzûlî’s traditions in his love-lyrical poems. In his satirical poems and fables Seyid Azim Shirvani ridiculed priesthood, opposed backwardness and ignorance, called to enlightenment and culture. Contemporary poets consider him their teacher.
Literary criticism is a relatively young discipline in Iran since there had been no comparable tradition of literary criticism before the nineteenth century, when European influence first began to penetrate the country.
Aliagha Mammadgulu oghlu Isgandarov, was an Azerbaijani poet and Honoured Artist of the Azerbaijan SSR (1943). He was known for reintroducing medieval ghazal style in Soviet Azerbaijani poetry.
The art of Azerbaijani Ashiqs combines poetry, storytelling, dance, and vocal and instrumental music into traditional performance art. This art is one of the symbols of Azerbaijani culture and considered an emblem of national identity and the guardian of Azerbaijani language, literature and music.
Safa Abdul-Aziz Khulusi was an Iraqi historian, novelist, poet, journalist and broadcaster. He is known for mediating between Arabic- and English-language cultures, and for his scholarship of modern Iraqi literature.
Peyami Safa was a Turkish journalist, columnist and novelist. He came to the fore in the Turkish literature of the Republican era with his psychological works such as Dokuzuncu Hariciye Koğuşu. He reflected his life and his changes to his works. He wrote many novels under the pseudonym Server Bedi. He created the type Cingöz Recai inspired by Arsène Lupin of the French writer Maurice Leblanc. He also worked as a journalist at various institutions and published several magazines such as Kültür Haftası with his brother İlhami Safa.
Khasta Qasim – was an Iranian Azerbaijani poet of Azerbaijani literature. Khasta Qasim was one of the best Azerbaijani-language poets; he was also a mystic, ashik, and philosopher in the era of Afsharid Iran, popularly known as Dada and Gasim.
Majmaus-shuara was a 19th-century literary council in Azerbaijan.
Anjumani-shuara was a literary council of the 19th century in Azerbaijan. It was first held by Sheykhali khan Kangarli in 1831 in Ordubad. From 1870 to 1880 the council was led by Haji agha Fagir Ordubadi. Later this mission was obliged to Mohammad Taghi Sidgi. The council's activity operated with different intervals and there were many well-known writers and poets. After the death of Fagir and shifting of Sidgi in Nakhchivan the council was weakened and suspended its activities in 1890–1895.
Literature in Iran encompasses a variety of literary traditions in the various languages used in Iran. Modern literatures of Iran include Persian literature, Azerbaijani literature, and Kurdish literature, among others.
The Geysariyye Monument is a historical and architectural monument of the 17th century located in Ordubad, Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. Situated at market square, the city center of Ordubad, it is one of the Turco-Islamic monuments of Nakhchivan. Total area of Geysariyye is 540 m². It consists of a large dome and 16 small dome adjacent to it. The monument is made of baked bricks with a height of 8.5 meters. The windows of the historic building were developed with network method.
Baba Fighani Shirazi was a Persian poet active in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. Born and raised in the southern city of Shiraz, Fighani belonged to a family of craftsmen, working as a cutler for his father and brother during his youth. It is unknown how Fighani how rose to prominence as a poet, but by the time the Aq Qoyunlu Ya'qub Beg ruled, he had become a notable figure, and was thus was given the honorific title of bābā shāʿir or bābā al-shuʿarā by the latter.
Habibi was a late 15th and early 16th century poet. He is regarded as the most important Azerbaijani poet of his generation.
References
- ↑ "Music Dictionary". lugat.musigi-dunya.az.
- ↑ "Literary councils - Azerbaijan". www.azerbaijans.com.