Bianco di Santi alias Bianco da Siena or Bianco da Lanciolina (Anciolina, 1350 circa - Venice, 1399) was an Italian mystic poet and an imitator of Jacopone da Todi. He wrote several religiously-inspired poems (lauda) that were popular in the Middle Ages. First a wool carder, he eventually became a member of the poor Jesuates, founded by Giovanni Colombini.
According to Feo Belcari, Bianco da Siena was native of Lanciolina di Valdarno (at present Anciolina, in the province of Arezzo), but he worked as a wool carder at Siena. [1]
His date of birth is uncertain, but probably took place around 1350, since Belcari defines him as very young in 1367, when he entered the Jesuates. This company was founded towards 1360 by Colombini and his friend Francesco Vincenti: they proposed a life of poverty and penitence. In May 1367, Bianco da Siena entered the company and left Siena with them to ask the approval of Pope Urban V. The Jesuates were received with benevolence at Viterbo, where the pontiff stayed with the project to bring the Holy See to Rome. In the meantime, they were suspected of heresy: Colombini assuaged these suspicions, however, several members left the company. During the return to Siena, Colombini fell ill and died at Acquapendente 31 July 1367.
Because of the intervention of the Roman Curia, the Jesuates became a religious order: the members had to give up their roaming life and settled in Tuscany and in Umbria. Bianco da Siena stayed some time in Siena, then went to Città di Castello, which he left before 1383. Afterwards, he travelled with a colleague in Umbria and in Tuscany and he stopped in Pistoia. He settled in Venice, where he died in 1399. [2] [3] [4] [5]
Bianco da Siena wrote several religiously-inspired poems. These were widely read in the Middle Ages and they are in many manuscripts. One hundred and twenty-two poems were published, spanning more than twenty thousand lines of verse. [6] [7] [8] [9]
In the 20th century, an English translation of his poem "Discendi amor santo" by Richard Frederick Littledale became a popular Christian hymn, "Come Down, O Love Divine", after it was set to music by the British composer Ralph Vaughan Williams in 1906. [10]
Richard Frederick Littledale translated multiple poems into English that have come into common use in the Church.
The Viareggio Prize is an Italian literary prize, first awarded in 1930. Named after the Tuscan city of Viareggio, it was conceived by three friends, Alberto Colantuoni, Carlo Salsa and Leonida Rèpaci, to rival the Milanese Bagutta Prize.
Cesare Cantù was an Italian historian.
Francesco de Sanctis was a leading Italian literary critic and scholar of Italian language and literature during the 19th century.
The Jesuati (Jesuates) were a religious order founded by Giovanni Colombini of Siena in 1360. The order was initially called Clerici apostolici Sancti Hieronymi because of a special veneration for St. Jerome and the apostolic life the founders led. The order was abolished by Pope Clement IX on 6 December 1668.
Giorgio Bàrberi Squarotti was an Italian academic, literary critic and poet. He taught at the University of Turin from 1967 until his death in 2017. He was considered to be one of the most important literary critics of his time.
Piero Calamandrei was an Italian author, jurist, soldier, university professor and politician. He was one of Italy's leading authorities on the law of civil procedure.
Ignazio Guidi was an Italian orientalist. He became Professor at the University of Rome. He is known as a Hebraist and for many translations.
Benedetto Pamphili was an Italian cardinal, patron of the arts and librettist for many composers.
Antonio Socci is an Italian media personality, journalist and book writer. He is best known for coverage of Catholic Church topics, including general history and subjects such the Secrets of Fatima and the works of Pope John Paul II.
The Perfect Fusion was the 1847 act of the Savoyard king Charles Albert of Sardinia which abolished the administrative differences between the Mainland states and the island of Sardinia, in a fashion similar to the Acts of Union between Great Britain and Ireland in 1800.
Jacopo da Leona, also spelt Iacopo was a medieval Italian jurist and poet.
Pietro Trifone, is an Italian linguist.
Giovanni Battista Valentini, (Cantalicio), was an Italian humanist, author and Catholic bishop.
Giovanni di Bernardo Rucellai was an Italian humanist, poet, dramatist and man of letters in Renaissance Florence, in Tuscany, Italy. A member of a wealthy family of wool merchants and one of the richest men in Florence, he was cousin to Pope Leo X and linked by marriage to the powerful Strozzi and de' Medici families. He was born in Florence, and died in Rome. He was the son of Bernardo Rucellai (1448–1514) and grandson of Giovanni di Paolo Rucellai (1403–1481). He is now remembered mostly for his poem Le Api, one of the first poems composed in versi sciolti to achieve widespread acclaim.
Marcello Landi (1916-1993) was an Italian painter and poet.
Quirino Principe is an Italian philosopher of music, Germanist, translator, dramatist, actor.
Giovanni Manardo was an Italian physician, botanist, and humanist.
Nino Valeri was an Italian historian.
Nicoletta Maraschio is an academic teacher of "History of Italian Language" at University of Florence. She has been the first women in charge of Accademia della Crusca, from 2008 to 2014, succeeded to Francesco Sabatini.
"Come Down, O Love Divine" is a Christian hymn usually sung for the festival of Pentecost. It makes reference to the descent of the Holy Spirit as an invocation to God to come to into the soul of the believer. It is a popular piece of Anglican church music and is commonly sung to the tune "Down Ampney" by Ralph Vaughan Williams.