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Almería is a city and municipality of Spain, located in Andalusia. It is the capital of the province of the same name. It lies on southeastern Iberia on the Mediterranean Sea. Caliph Abd al-Rahman III founded the city in 955. The city grew wealthy during the Islamic era, becoming a world city throughout the 11th and 12th centuries. It enjoyed an active port that traded silk, oil and raisins. Being adjacent to a small desert, Almería has an exceptionally dry climate by European standards.
Al-Hakam II, also known as Abū al-ʿĀṣ al-Mustanṣir bi-Llāh al-Hakam b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, was the Caliph of Córdoba. He was the second Umayyad Caliph of Córdoba in Al-Andalus, and son of Abd-al-Rahman III and Murjan. He ruled from 961 to 976.
The Nasrid dynasty was an Arab dynasty that ruled the Emirate of Granada from 1230 to 1492. It was the last Muslim dynasty in the Iberian Peninsula. Twenty-three emirs ruled Granada from the founding of the dynasty in 1230 by Muhammad I until 2 January 1492, when Muhammad XII surrendered all lands to Queen Isabella I of Castile. Today, the most visible evidence of the Nasrid dynasty is part of the Alhambra palace complex built under their rule.
Abu al-Qasim Maslama ibn Ahmad al-Majriti, known or Latin as Methilem, was a Muslim Arab or an Berber astronomer, Alchemist, mathematician, economist and Scholar in Islamic Spain, active during the reign of Al-Hakam II. His full name is Abu ’l-Qāsim Maslama ibn Aḥmad al-Faraḍī al-Ḥāsib al-Maj̲rīṭī al-Qurṭubī al-Andalusī.
The Albaicín, also known as Albayzín, is a district of Granada, in the autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain. It is centered around a hill on the north side of the Darro River which passes through the city. The neighbourhood is notable for its historic monuments and for largely retaining its medieval street plan dating back to the Nasrid period, although it nonetheless went through many physical and demographic changes after the end of the Reconquista in 1492. It was declared a World Heritage Site in 1994, as an extension of the historic site of the nearby Alhambra.
The Taifa of Granada or Zirid Kingdom of Granada was a Berber Muslim kingdom which was formed in al-Andalus in 1013, following the deposition of Caliph Hisham II in 1009. The kingdom was centered on Granada, its capital, and it also extended its control to Málaga for a period. Four kings succeeded each other during its nearly 80 years of existence, all of them belonging to an offshoot of the Zirid dynasty of North Africa, a Sanhaja Berber clan. The Taifa of Granada was considered to be the wealthiest out of all of the Taifa kingdoms. It was eventually conquered by the Almoravids in 1090, putting on end to Zirid rule in Granada.
Abu l-Hassan ibn al-Khabbaza was a qadi, historian and poet active during the reign of the Almohad Sultan Abu al-Ala Idris al-Mamun in Seville, al-Andalus and Marrakesh, Morocco. When the last sultan of this dynasty left Iberia in 1228, Al-Khabazza joined him. Al-Khabazza was also the author of poems and a bio-bibliographic work.
Abu l-`Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Shuayb al-Kirjani, known as Ibn Shuayb or Ibn Suhayb was a Moroccan scholar of medicine, alchemy, botany, astronomy, mathematics, a poet, and the chancellor of the Marinid sultan Abu al Hassan. He was born in Taza, and died in Tunis.
Ibn al-Arif or Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Mohammed ibn Musa ibn Ata Allah al-Mariyyi al-Sanhaji, also known as Al-Urruf was a famous Sufi. He is especially well known as the founder of a Sufi school or tariqa, which was based on the teachings of Ibn Masarra, and as the author of Mahasin al-Majalis.
Al-Udri or Al-Udhri, was an Arab Geographer, traveler and historian of al-Andalus. He hailed from the Arab tribe of Udra which had settled Almería.
The Ibn Tufayl Foundation for Arabic Studies is a cultural foundation, whose main purpose is to promote and conduct research projects related to the Arabic language, its literature, the history of the Arab World and the history of Al-Andalus.
Abu Ya`qub Yusuf or Yusuf I was the second Almohad Amir or caliph. He reigned from 1163 until 1184 in Marrakesh. He was responsible for the construction of the Giralda in Seville, which was part of a new grand mosque. He was a keen student of philosophy and patron of Averroes.
Lubna of Córdoba was an Andalusian intellectual, mathematician, and poet of the second half of the 10th century known for the quality of her writing and her excellence in the sciences. Lubna was born into slavery and raised within the Madīnat al-Zahrā palace. She then pursued a career within the palace as part of Al-Hakam II's team of copyists.
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Almería, Spain.
Francisco Codera y Zaidín was a Spanish historian, philologist and Arabist scholar. Among his students, known in the academic field as the Beni Codera, were Arabists Rafael Altamira and José Deleito.
Kitāb al-Anwāʾ is a title given to a number of works from eastern and western parts of Arab civilization that concern astronomy, weather and agriculture. There is no proven relation between the different works of this title: the Kitāb al-Anwāʾ by Abu Hanifa Dinawari of Iran, for example, was written more than a century earlier than the Kitāb al-Anwāʾ by ʿArīb ibn Saʿīd al-Qurṭūbī of Córdoba. This latter, however, was a particularly influential example of the form and was adapted and translated several times.
Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāḥ ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Sīd al-Baṭalyawsī, also spelled Ibn Assīd or Abenasid, was an Andalusian grammarian and philosopher. He is the earliest Islamic philosopher from the West whose works have survived.
Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Yūsuf ibn Saʿāda al-Mursī (1103–1170) was an Andalusī Muslim judge and scholar with Ṣūfī tendencies.
Ṣafwān ibn Idrīs or Abū Baḥr al-Tujībī (1164/6–1202), full name Abū Baḥr Ṣafwān ibn Idrīs ibn Ibrāhīm ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn ʿĪsā ibn Idrīs al-Tujībī al-Mursī al-Kātib, was a Muslim traditionist and adīb from al-Andalus (Spain) who wrote poetry in Arabic under the Almohads.
Ibrahim b. Ahmed b. Moharech b. Hamusk, known as Hemochico in the Christian chronicles, referred to simply as Ibn Hamušk, was a warlord in 12th-century Iberia. He was a close collaborator of his son-in-law Ibn Mardanīsh in the latter's resistance efforts against the Almohads. He betrayed Ibn Mardanīsh later in his life, siding with the Almohads.
References
- ↑ "Biblioteca de al-Andalus". Fundación Ibn Tufayl de Estudios Árabes. Retrieved 8 June 2010.